Chapter 17.18 PARKING STANDARDS

Chapter 17.18
PARKING STANDARDS

Sections:

17.18.010 Purpose.

17.18.020 Applicability.

17.18.030 Permanent Maintenance Required.

17.18.040 Ownership of Required Space.

17.18.050 Width, Paving and Slope of Driveways.

17.18.060 Difficult or Impossible Access to Parking Space—Alternate Requirements.

17.18.070 Specifications for Development of Parking Facilities.

17.18.080 Parking for Disabled Persons.

17.18.090 Number of Spaces Required—Fractions.

17.18.100 Parallel and Tandem Automobile Parking Spaces.

17.18.105 On-Site Bicycle Parking Requirement.

17.18.110 On-Site Parking Requirement.

17.18.120 Loading Areas.

17.18.130 Schedule of Off-Street Parking Requirements.

17.18.140 Modification of Off-Street Parking Requirements.

17.18.150 Commercial Vehicle Prohibition.

17.18.010 Purpose.

It is the purpose of this chapter to establish comprehensive parking provisions to effectively regulate the design of parking facilities and equitably establish the number of parking spaces required for various uses. The standards for parking facilities are intended to promote vehicular and pedestrian safety and efficient land use. They are also intended to promote compatibility between parking facilities and surrounding neighborhoods and to protect property values by providing such amenities as landscaping, walls and setbacks. Parking requirements are established to assure that an adequate number of spaces is available to accommodate anticipated demand in order to lessen traffic congestion and adverse impacts on surrounding properties.

17.18.020 Applicability.

A. The provisions of this chapter shall apply at the time a building or structure is erected, altered, or enlarged, or when the use and/or occupant load of a building or structure is changed. Alterations, enlargements, increases, additions, modifications or any similar changes to uses, buildings, or structures nonconforming due to parking shall comply with Chapter 17.05.

B. In the case of mixed uses, the total number of parking spaces required shall be the sum of the requirements for the various uses computed separately. Required parking spaces for one use shall not be considered required parking spaces for any other use unless allowed by an adjustment or variance in accordance with Section 17.03.050.

C. Parking spaces established by this section shall be improved as required by this section prior to occupancy of new buildings or structures, or occupancy of a new use in the case of an existing building or structure which has been altered or enlarged in accordance with subsection (A) of this section.

D. The provisions of this section shall not apply to temporary parking facilities authorized by an approved temporary use permit, except where specifically required by the Director.

E. The development standards contained in this section shall be superseded where a specific plan established pursuant to Section 17.16.030 provides different standards.

F. The provisions of this section in effect at the time of final approval of applications for conditional use permits, minor use permits, development review and other similar zoning cases shall apply.

17.18.030 Permanent Maintenance Required.

Parking facilities required by this section shall be conveniently accessible and permanently maintained to remain clear and legible to the satisfaction of the Director of Community Development unless the use for which the parking was required ceases to exist. If a required garage or parking structure is destroyed, it shall be reconstructed within one year. (Ord. 00-3, 2/8/00; Ord. 05-1 § 2, 1/25/05; Ord. 05-19 § 2, 12/13/05; Ord. 07-1 § 2, 1/23/07)

17.18.040 Ownership of Required Space.

A. Except as provided in subsection (B) of this section, space required by this chapter for parking shall either be the property of the owner of the premises, or the owner of the premises shall have the right to use such space for parking by virtue of a recorded lease for a term of not less than twenty (20) years. The lease shall require that upon expiration or cancellation, the party using the parking spaces provided by the lease, prior to the effective date of such expiration or cancellation, shall notify the Director of Community Development of such event. If the lease is canceled, expires, or is otherwise voided, other parking shall be provided in accordance with this section. If the required parking is not provided for any use covered by the former lease, such use shall be immediately terminated.

B. Ownership, or a twenty (20) year lease of required parking space, is not necessary if another alternative is specifically allowed by a minor use permit approved in accordance with Section 17.03.040. (Ord. 00-3, 2/8/00; Ord. 05-1 § 2, 1/25/05; Ord. 05-19 § 2, 12/13/05)

17.18.050 Width, Paving and Slope of Driveways.

Access to other or more parking spaces required by this chapter which serve three (3) or more dwelling units shall be developed in accordance with the following:

A. Driveways shall be not less than ten (10) feet wide. Refer to Sections 13.04.250 and 13.16.040 through 13.16.120 of the municipal code for additional requirements and restrictions.

B. Where this section requires that such access be paved, the pavement shall be not less than ten (10) feet in width throughout, except that a center strip over which the wheels of a vehicle will not pass in normal use need not be paved.

C. Unless modified by the Director of Public Works because of topographical or other conditions:

1. No portion of a driveway providing access to parking areas shall exceed a slope of twenty percent (20%). Where there is a change in the slope of driveway providing such access, it must be demonstrated that vehicles will be able to pass over such change in slope without interference with their undercarriages.

2. Changes in slope along the run of a driveway must be at a maximum algebraic grade difference of ten percent (10%) per grade break for a minimum of ten (10) feet per grade break. This profile shall be measured along the maximum slope of the driveway. All grade breaks shall be rounded with a five (5) foot long vertical curve. (An exception is driveway approaches per APWA standards.)

3. Commercial driveways on major, secondary, collector, and other streets as determined by the Director of Public Works shall be designed using a modified APWA 110-1, Type C commercial driveway design that will provide a street/drive approach transition with a maximum algebraic grade difference of seven percent (7%).

D. All parcels less than one-half (1/2) of an acre in size shall have a solid/secure surface driveway (concrete, asphalt or other surface) that complies with the driveway standards to the satisfaction of the Director of Community Development.

E. Where driveways are not perpendicular to the street, sufficient back-up room shall be provided to the satisfaction of the Director of Community Development.

F. Circular driveways are not permitted for lots having less than ten thousand nine hundred eighty (10,980) square feet. (Ord. 00-3, 2/8/00; Ord. 02-5, 4/23/02; Ord. 05-1 § 2, 1/25/05; Ord. 05-19 § 2, 12/13/05; Ord. 08-13 § 2, 8/26/08)

17.18.060 Difficult or Impossible Access to Parking Space—Alternate Requirements.

Where vehicular access to any parking space on the same lot or parcel of land as the residential structure to which it would be accessory is not possible from any highway or street due to topographical or other conditions, or is so difficult that to require such access is unsafe and/or unreasonable in the opinion of the Director of Community Development, the parking space shall not be required if:

A. Alternate parking facilities approved by the Director of Community Development are provided; or

B. The Director of Community Development finds that alternate parking facilities are not needed or feasible. (Ord. 00-3, 2/8/00; Ord. 05-1 § 2, 1/25/05; Ord. 05-19 § 2, 12/13/05)

17.18.070 Specifications for Development of Parking Facilities.

All land used for parking, other than a lot or parcel of land having a gross area of one acre or more per dwelling unit used, designed or intended to be used for residential purposes, shall be developed and used as follows:

A. Paving. Where access to a parking space or spaces is from a highway, street or alley which is paved with asphaltic or concrete surfacing, such parking areas, as well as the maneuvering areas and driveways used for access thereto, shall be paved with:

1. Concrete surfacing to a minimum thickness of three and one-half (3.5) inches, with expansion joints as necessary; or

2. Asphalt surfacing, rolled to a smooth, hard surface having a minimum thickness of one and one-half (1.5) inches after compaction, and laid over a base of crushed rock, gravel or other similar material compacted to a minimum thickness of four (4) inches. The requirement for said base may be modified if:

a. A qualified engineer, retained to furnish a job-site soil analysis, finds that said base is unnecessary to ensure a firm and unyielding subgrade, equal from the standpoint of the service, life and appearance of the asphaltic surfacing to that provided if said base were required, and so states in writing, together with a copy of his findings and certification to such effect; or

b. Other available information provides similar evidence.

3. Other alternative material that will provide at least the equivalent in service, life and appearance of the materials and standards which would be employed for development pursuant to subsection (A)(1) or (A)(2) of this section.

4. The City Engineer, at the request of the Director, shall review and report on the adequacy of paving where modification of base is proposed under subsection (A)(2) of this section, or where alternative materials are proposed under subsection (A)(3) of this section. The City Engineer may approve such modification or such alternative materials if, in his opinion, the evidence indicates compliance with subsections (A)(2) or (A)(3) of this section as the case may be.

B. Marking of Spaces.

1. Each parking space shall be clearly marked with paint or other similar distinguishable material, except spaces established in a garage or carport having not more than three (3) spaces.

2. Striping for parking spaces may be modified by the Director where there is a dual use of the parking facility or where an alternate paving material as described in subsection (A)(3) of this section is used. In approving such modification by site plan the Director shall require suitable alternate means of marking the space to ensure the required number of spaces is provided.

C. Wheel Stops. Wheel stops shall be provided for parking lots with a slope of more than three (3) percent, except that the installation of wheel stops is optional for parking stalls oriented at right angles to the direction of slope. Wheel stops are also required on the perimeter of parking lots which are adjacent to walls, fences or pedestrian walkways.

D. Walls.

1. Where parking facilities are located adjacent to a street or alley, a solid decorative masonry wall or landscaped earthen berm, not less than thirty (30) inches nor more than forty-two (42) inches in height, shall be constructed at the edge of the ultimate street right-of-way adjacent to the parking area unless otherwise provided in this section or to the satisfaction of the Director of Community Development. If landscaping is substituted for a wall, it needs to provide proper blockage upon installation. Landscaping shall be continually maintained and shall not exceed forty-two (42) inches in height.

2. Where parking facilities are located adjacent to residential or agricultural zones or property developed with a residential use, the wall shall be increased to a minimum of six (6) feet in height except within the required front setback of the commercial or industrial use where it shall not exceed forty-two (42) inches in height.

E. Landscaping.

1. Where parking facilities are located adjacent to a street right-of-way line, a minimum five (5) foot wide landscaped area shall be provided adjacent to such right-of-way line, except at driveways and walkways. Such landscaped area shall be increased to a minimum of ten (10) feet when abutting a major or secondary highway. The area shall be landscaped and permanently maintained with trees, shrubs and groundcover, and shall incorporate earthen berms to the satisfaction of the Director of Community Development.

2. Where more than ten (10) automobile parking spaces exist on a lot or parcel of land, areas not used for vehicle parking or maneuvering, or for the movement of pedestrians to and from vehicles, shall be used for landscaping. At least five (5) percent of the gross area of the parking lot shall be landscaped, and shall include the minimum number of trees as required herein. The required trees shall be distributed throughout the parking lot, so as to maximize the aesthetic effect and compatibility with adjoining uses. This regulation shall not apply to parking areas on the roofs of buildings, nor to parking areas within a building.

3. All landscaping materials and sprinkler systems shall be clearly indicated on the required site plans and shall be subject to the approval of the Director of Community Development.

4. Parking spaces shall be allowed to overhang into a landscaped area a maximum of two (2) feet; provided, however, that the two (2) feet and the required protective curb area shall bc counted only as a part of the length of the parking stall and shall not be calculated in any way as required landscaped area or setback.

5. All landscaped areas shall be bordered by a concrete curb a minimum of five (5) inches high adjacent to the parking surface.

6. Where parking spaces meet head to head, a landscaped planter strip shall be installed to prevent bumpers from touching. These landscaped areas shall be a minimum of six (6) feet wide, run the length of the parking aisle, and be bordered by a concrete curb that is at least six (6) inches high and six (6) inches wide. Within this landscaped planter area, a minimum requirement of one tree per five (5) parking spaces will be imposed.

7. When a parking lot configuration makes six (6) foot landscaped planter areas infeasible, tree wells may be substituted to the satisfaction of the Director of Community Development. However, a standard of one tree per four (4) parking spaces (every other space) will be imposed. All tree wells must have a minimum width of four (4) feet from the inside of the concrete curb.

8. At a minimum, twenty-four (24) inch box trees are required for parking lot landscaping. Thirty-six (36) inch box trees are required at the end of drive aisles, unless the Director of Community Development determines a smaller size to be more appropriate. The Director of Community Development may require thirty-six (36) inch box trees on a case-by-case basis.

9. Continuous concrete curbing at least six (6) inches high and six (6) inches wide shall be provided at least three (3) feet from any wall, fence, property line, walkway or structure (excluding special circumstances such as reciprocal access points, etc.) where parking and/or drive aisles are located adjacent thereto. Curbing may be left out at structure access points. The space between the curb and wall, fence, property line, walkway or structure shall be landscaped, except as allowed by the Director of Community Development. The clear width of a walkway, which is adjacent to overhanging parked cars, should be four (4) feet. Wheel stops should not be used in lieu of curbing to protect landscaping, signage, structures and walls.

10. The applicant shall be required to plant tree species that will achieve a parking lot coverage canopy to the satisfaction of the Director of Community Development. It is the responsibility of the applicant to provide information to the Director of Community Development demonstrating the parking lot canopy will be achieved in a reasonable amount of time.

F. Lighting.

1. Lighting shall be so arranged to prevent off-site glare or direct illumination. All lighting shall be directed downward and be of cut-off design so the luminary and/or lens do not protrude below the luminary housing.

2. Under-canopy lighting shall be designed to prevent off-site glare or direct illumination and shall be recessed or concealed so the luminary and/or lens is not visible from a public right-of-way.

G. Slope. Parking lots shall not have a slope exceeding five (5) percent, except for access ramps or driveways which shall not exceed a slope of fifteen (15) percent.

H. Design.

1. Parking spaces shall have the following minimum dimensions:

a. For all uses other than single-family and two-family residential, parking spaces shall have minimum dimensions of nine (9) feet by eighteen (18) feet.

b. For single-family and two-family residential uses, each parking space shall be fully enclosed and have minimum dimensions of ten (10) feet by twenty (20) feet. Parking spaces shall be designed to remain free and clear of all obstructions, including, but not limited to, washer/dryer units, water heaters, etc. All required garages shall maintain a minimum opening of nine (9) feet in width by eight (8) feet in height for each parking stall or fifteen (15) feet in width by eight (8) feet in height for double stalls.

2. Parking lots shall be designed so as to preclude the backing of vehicles over a sidewalk, public street, alley or highway. Parked vehicles shall not encroach on nor extend over any sidewalk. Parking spaces and drive aisles shall be designed and striped as shown below:

MINIMUM DIMENSIONS FOR STANDARD PARKING STALLS
(a) Angle in degrees	(b) Stall	(c) Aisle	(d) Overall Width	(e) Curb Length
30	16′10′′	15′10′′*	49′2′′	18′
45	19′1′′	16′6′′*	54′8′′	12′8′′
60	20′1′′	19′4′′*	59′6′′	10′5′′
90	18′	26′**	62′	9′

* One-way traffic

** Two-way traffic for standard spaces

STRIPING FOR PARKING STALLS

Modifications to the designs shown above may be approved by the Director; provided, that such modifications are compatible with the design criteria contained above.

3. Drive-through facilities shall adhere to the following requirements:

a. Each drive-through lane shall be separated from the circulation routes necessary for ingress or egress from the property, or access to any parking space.

b. Each drive-through lane shall be striped, marked, or otherwise distinctly delineated.

c. The principal pedestrian access to the entrance of the drive-through facility shall not cross the drive-through lane.

d. The vehicle stacking capacity for uses containing drive-through facilities shall be as follows:


Use	Stacking Requirements
Drive-Through Restaurant	Stacking for four (4) cars between the order board and the pick-up window and stacking for six (6) cars behind the order board. In no event shall a total queuing length of less than two hundred (200) feet be maintained.
Bank Drive-Through	Stacking for five (5) cars for each window or automated teller machine.
Auto uses, such as self-service car washes, oil change facilities and similar uses	Stacking for three (3) cars free and clear of the drive aisles and parking areas.

4. Trash enclosure location and access shall be designed to the satisfaction of the Director. Such access shall be conveniently located and cause a minimum number of parking spaces to be blocked while a refuse truck is present.

5. No dead-end drive aisles shall be permitted to be any longer than ten (10) parking stalls or one hundred (100) feet in length, whichever is more restrictive, unless adequate turnaround space is provided to the satisfaction of the Director of Community Development.

I. Site Plans. A site plan shall be submitted to the Director to ensure that said use will properly comply with the provisions of this development code. (Ord. 00-3, 2/8/00; Ord. 01-5, 5/27/01; Ord. 02-5, 4/23/02; Ord. 05-1 § 2, 1/25/05; Ord. 05-19 § 2, 12/13/05; Ord. 07-1 § 2, 1/23/07)

17.18.080 Parking for Disabled Persons.

A. Number Required.

1. All nonresidential parking lots accessible to the public, with the exception of parking lots providing one hundred (100) percent valet parking with an approved parking permit, shall provide parking spaces designated for use by disabled persons, in the number indicated by the following table:


Total Number of Parking Spaces	Number of Parking Spaces Required for the Disabled
1—25	1
26—50	2
51—75	3
76—100	4
101—150	5
151—200	6
201—300	7
301—400	8
401—500	9
501—1,000	2 percent of total
1,001 and over	20 plus 1 for each 100 or fraction thereof over 1,001

2. When fewer than five (5) parking spaces are provided, one shall be fourteen (14) feet wide and striped to provide a nine (9) foot parking area and a five (5) foot loading and unloading area. However, there is no requirement that the space be reserved exclusively or identified for use by the disabled only.

3. The provisions of the City’s building code relating to parking for disabled persons shall apply to parking facilities. Where the provisions of the City’s building code require additional, or greater, standards for parking for disabled persons, the building code provisions shall prevail.

B. Location. Parking spaces for the physically disabled shall be located as near as practicable to a primary entrance. If only one space is provided, it shall be fourteen (14) feet wide and striped to provide a nine (9) foot parking area and a five (5) foot loading and unloading area. When more than one space is provided, in lieu of providing a fourteen (14) foot wide space for each parking space, two (2) spaces can be provided within a twenty-three (23) foot wide area striped to provide a nine (9) foot parking area on each side of a five (5) foot loading and unloading area in the center. The minimum length of each parking space shall be eighteen (18) feet. These parking spaces shall be designed substantially in conformance with the illustration herein.

C. Encroachment. In each parking area, a wheel stop or curb shall be provided and located to prevent encroachment of cars over the required width of walkways. Also, the space shall be so located that a disabled person is not compelled to wheel or walk behind parked cars other than their own. Pedestrian walkways which are accessible to the physically disabled shall be provided from each handicap parking space to related facilities, including curb cuts or ramps, as needed. Ramps shall not encroach into any parking space. However, ramps located at the front of parking spaces for the physically disabled may encroach into the length of the spaces when the encroachment does not limit a disabled person’s capability to leave or enter their vehicle.

D. Slopes. Surface slopes of parking spaces for the physically disabled shall be the minimum possible and shall not exceed one-quarter inch per foot (2.083 percent slope) in any direction.

E. Marking. The surface of each parking space shall have a surface identification sign duplicating the symbol of accessibility in blue paint, at least nine (9) square feet in size with each side a minimum of three (3) feet.

F. Vertical Clearance. Entrances to and vertical clearances within parking structures shall have a minimum vertical clearance of eight (8) feet two (2) inches where required for accessibility to parking spaces for the disabled. (Ord. 01-5, 2/27/01; Ord. 02-5, 4/23/02)

17.18.090 Number of Spaces Required—Fractions.

When the application of this chapter requires a fractional part of a parking space, any such fraction equal to or greater than one-half shall be construed as a whole and fractions less than one-half shall be eliminated.

17.18.100 Parallel and Tandem Automobile Parking Spaces.

A. Parallel Parking Spaces. For commercial uses, parallel parking spaces shall not be permitted in required parking areas. For industrial and office uses, no more than twenty (20) percent of the required number of parking spaces may be parallel parking spaces, with the approval of the Director of Community Development. Where permitted, these parallel spaces shall have a minimum dimension of ten (10) feet by twenty (20) feet. Where an industrial or office use ceases to exist, the parallel spaces must be eliminated from the parking area.

B. Tandem Parking Spaces. With the exception of mobilehome parks and second residential units, tandem parking spaces shall not be permitted in required parking areas. With the approval of a minor use permit, multifamily residential units are permitted to have tandem parking spaces in a twelve (12) foot by forty (40) foot enclosed garage with direct access to the residential units for which the parking is designated. (Ord. 00-3, 2/8/00; Ord. 01-5, 2/27/01; Ord. 05-1 § 2, 1/25/05; Ord. 05-19 § 2, 12/13/05)

17.18.105 On-Site Bicycle Parking Requirement.

Except as otherwise provided in this section, or specifically allowed by the requirements of a specific plan, or unless expressly allowed by an adjustment or variance approved pursuant to Section 17.03.050, every use shall provide on-site bicycle parking facilities to accommodate the required number of bicycle parking spaces. All bicycle parking shall be evenly dispersed throughout the project site to provide convenient bicycle parking to the satisfaction of the Director of Community Development in accordance with the following ratios:


Retail/Commercial Uses	1 space per each 25 vehicle parking stalls
Office Uses	1 space per each 30 vehicle parking stalls
Industrial Uses	1 space per each 40 vehicle parking stalls
Multifamily Residential Uses	1 space per each 5 residential units

(Ord. 05-1 § 2, 1/25/05; Ord. 05-19 § 2, 12/13/05)

17.18.110 On-Site Parking Requirement.

Except as otherwise provided in this section, or specifically allowed by the requirements of a specific plan, or unless expressly allowed by an adjustment or variance approved pursuant to Section 17.03.050, every use shall provide the required number of parking spaces on the same lot or parcel of land on which the use is located. For the purposes of this section, transitional parking spaces separated only by an alley from the use shall be considered to be located on the same lot or parcel. (Ord. 01-5, 2/27/01)

17.18.120 Loading Areas.

A. General Provisions.

1. Required loading facilities shall be located on the same site as the use requiring such facilities;

2. No required loading facilities shall be located in any required setback areas;

3. Whenever possible, loading areas and docks shall be permitted only in rear and side lot areas and, if facing a public street, shall be screened from view of such street;

4. Sufficient space for turning and maneuvering loading vehicles shall be provided on the site;

5. Loading spaces shall be located and designed so that trucks shall not back into a public street; and

6. Adequate treatment such as walls and landscaping shall be required to the satisfaction of the Director as necessary to screen and buffer the loading area from nearby residences.

B. Dimensional Requirements.


Type of Space	Width	Length	Height
Delivery van space	12′	20′	14′
Semi truck space	12′	50′	14′

* Turning radii shall be consistent with California Department of Transportation standards.

Every nonresidential use shall provide sufficient on-site loading and unloading space as follows (required loading and unloading spaces for uses not specified below shall be determined by the Director):

C. Commercial Uses.


Use	Floor Area in Square Feet	No. of Spaces Required
Office (medical and professional)	5,000—25,000	1 delivery van space
	Over 25,000	2 delivery van spaces
Retail and services	5,000—25,000	1 delivery van space
	25,001—50,000	2 delivery van spaces
	Over 50,000	1 semi truck space
Retail (single occupancy)	Over 30,000	1 semi truck space
Hospitals and institutions	Less than 50,000	1 delivery van space
	50,001—100,000	1 semi truck space
	Over 100,000	2 semi truck spaces
Restaurants, hotels and motels	N/A	1 delivery van space

D. Industrial Uses.


Use	Floor Area in Square Feet	No. of Spaces Required
Warehouses and manufacturing	5,000—15,000	1 delivery van space
	15,001—40,000	1 semi truck space
	40,001—100,000	2 semi truck spaces
	Over 100,000	2 semi truck spaces + 1 semi truck space for each additional 50,000 sq. ft. to a maximum of 6 loading spaces
Multi-tenant industrial	N/A	Determined by Director

17.18.130 Schedule of Off-Street Parking Requirements.

A. Purpose. This section identifies minimum parking requirements. Additional parking may be required if deemed necessary by the Director of Community Development.

B. Definitions. For purposes of this section, the following definitions of terms are as identified below:

1. “As determined by the Director” shall mean that the Director shall determine the adequate amount of parking. Parking shall be provided in an amount which the Director finds adequate to prevent traffic congestion and excessive on-street parking. Whenever practical, such determination shall be based upon the requirements for the most comparable use specified in this section.

2. “Customer service area” shall mean the area within a facility where patrons and/or customers of the facility are provided service and includes fixed and non-fixed seating areas, waiting areas and any other areas were customers are served. It excludes bathrooms and areas off limits to patrons.

3. “Director” shall mean the Director of Community Development.

4. “Occupant” shall mean an employee, patron, customer or other individual who, combined with other occupants, comprise the occupancy of a building, structure, tenant space or other area. See “Occupancy.”

5. “Occupancy” shall mean the maximum number of occupants within a building, structure, tenant space or area as determined by the California Building Code.

6. “Fixed seating” shall mean seating that is permanently fixed and immobile. It may include booths, immobile seats/tables and immobile benches and pews.

7. “Fully enclosed” shall mean covered on the top and all sides with opaque material, including the garage door, except for necessary ventilation areas. Parking spaces which are required to be “enclosed” shall be covered on the top and at least three (3) sides with an opaque material. The Director may modify these requirements subject to the provisions of Section 17.18.140(B).

8. “Required parking for additional uses on site” shall be defined pursuant to Section 17.18.020(B).

9. “Square feet/footage” shall mean the gross square feet or footage of a building, tenant space, or area, unless indicated otherwise.

C. Uses Not Specified. Where parking requirements for any uses are not specified, parking shall be provided in an amount which the Director finds adequate to prevent traffic congestion and excessive on-street parking. Whenever practical, such determination shall be based upon the requirements for the most comparable use specified in this section.

D. Schedule of Off-Street Parking Requirements by Use Type. The following use types shall provide the number of parking spaces indicated below:


Residential Uses Unless otherwise noted, all required parking spaces shall be designed in accordance with Section 17.18.070. Unless otherwise noted, tandem parking spaces shall not count as required parking for a dwelling unit and shall not be allowed unless they are in addition to the required number of spaces.

1.	Boarding House			2 spaces; plus 0.5 spaces per sleeping room.
2.	Caretaker’s Residence			1 space per every 2 bedrooms or portion thereof. Spaces may be tandem.
3.	Community Care Facility			0.5 spaces per unit; plus guest parking at 1 space per each 8 units.
4.	Dwelling
	a.	Single-Family		2 spaces.
	b.	Two-Family		2 spaces per unit.
	c.	Multifamily		At least one accessible parking space shall be assigned to each dwelling unit. Other required parking may be unassigned but must be made available for the exclusive use of residents of the property and/or their guests.
		(1)	Studio	1.5 enclosed parking spaces per unit.
		(2)	One Bedroom	1.75 enclosed parking spaces per unit.
		(3)	Two Bedroom	2 enclosed parking spaces per unit.
		(4)	Guest Parking	1 parking space per each two units (for complexes with more than 3 units).
5.	Family Day Care Homes			2 spaces.
6.	Fraternity/Sorority House			0.75 spaces per bed.
7.	Home Occupation			No additional parking required.
8.	Joint Living and Working Quarters			2 spaces.
9.	Model Homes			3 spaces per model.
10.	Mobilehome Park			2 spaces per unit. Spaces may be tandem.
	a.	Guest Parking		1 space per 2 units.
11.	Residential Health Care Facility			0.5 spaces for each dwelling unit.
12.	Residential Services/Care Home			2 spaces.
13.	Second Unit			1 space per every 2 bedrooms or portion thereof. Spaces may be tandem.
Commercial Uses Unless otherwise noted, all required parking spaces shall be designed in accordance with Section 17.18.070. Except as otherwise provided in this section, every lot or parcel of land which is used for a use permitted in any nonresidential zone, except an electrical substation or similar utility in which there are no offices or other places visited by the public, shall provide one parking space and adequate access thereto for each 250 square feet of floor area or any building or structure so used.

1.	Adult Businesses			Each specific use type shall be calculated per parking requirements contained in this code.
2.	Animal Sales and Service
	a.	Day Care		1 space per each 5 animals; plus required parking for additional uses on site.
	b.	Grooming and Pet Stores		1 space per 250 square feet.
	c.	Kennels		1 space per each 10 animals; plus required parking for additional uses on site.
	d.	Animal Shelter		1 space per 250 feet of area (excluding area devoted to housing of animals).
	e.	Riding Academies		1 space per 3 animals.
	f.	Stables, Commercial		1 space per 5 animals.
	g.	Veterinary Clinic		1 space per 250 feet of area (excluding area devoted to housing of animals).
	h.	Veterinary Hospital
3.	Auction Facilities			1 space per each 3 occupants. Parking four auction yards shall be determined by the Director.
4.	Banks and Financial Institutions			1 space per 200 square feet.
5.	Bars and Alcohol Drinking Establishments			1 space per each 3 fixed seats; plus 1 space per 45 square feet of other customer service area.
6.	Business Support Services			1 space per 250 square feet.
7.	Day Care Centers			1 space per employee; plus 1 space per each business vehicle; plus 1 space per each 5 children or 1 space per each 10 children if adequate drop off/pickup area is provided.
8.	Eating and Drinking Establishments
	a.	Banquet Facilities		1 space per each 3 fixed seats; plus 1 space per each 45 square feet of seating area with non-fixed seating.
	b.	Catering Establishments		1 space per 250 square feet.
	c.	Restaurants
		(1)	Drive-Through (no seating)	1 space per employee.
		(2)	Fast Food with Drive-Through	1 space per 60 square feet.
		(3)	Limited service	1 space per each 3 fixed seats; plus 1 space per 45 square feet of other customer service area.
		(4)	Full Service
		(5)	Take Out /Delivery	1 space per 45 square feet of customer service area; plus 1 space per each 250 square feet of area off limits to customers; plus 1 space per each vehicle used for business purposes.
9.	Funeral Home			1 space per each 3 fixed seats; plus 1 space per each 3 occupants in assembly areas with non-fixed seating.
10.	Hooka Bar/Cigar Clubs			1 space per 250 square feet
11.	Lodging
	a.	Bed and Breakfasts		1 space per each guest room or suite plus required parking for additional uses on site.
	b.	Hotels/Motels
12.	Medical Services			1 space per 200 square feet.
13.	Nightclubs			1 space per each 3 occupants.
14.	Personal Services			1 space per 250 square feet.
15.	Professional Offices			1 space per 250 square feet.
	a.	Call Centers		1 space per 200 square feet.
16.	Recreation, Commercial
	a.	Amusement Center		1 space per 200 square feet.
	b.	Amusement Park		As determined by the Director.
	c.	Indoor Entertainment		1 space per each 3 fixed seats; plus 1 space per each 45 square feet of seating areas with non-fixed seating; plus 1 space for each 3 occupants in other customer service areas.
	d.	Indoor Sports and Recreation
		(1)	Billiard Halls	1.5 spaces per each billiard table; plus required parking for additional uses on site.
		(2)	Bowling Alleys	3 spaces per bowling lane; plus required parking for additional uses on site.
		(3)	Health and Fitness Clubs	1 space per 150 square feet of weight/equipment room and pool/spa area; plus 1 space per 60 square feet of aerobic/martial art instruction area; plus 1 space per 250 square feet of other floor area (courts, locker rooms, etc.); plus required parking for additional uses on site.
		(4)	Paintball	1 space per 300 square feet of gaming area; plus 1 space per each three fixed seats in viewing area; plus 1 space per each 21 square feet of viewing area without fixed seats; plus required parking for additional uses on site.
		(5)	Racquetball/Tennis Courts	2 spaces per court; plus required parking for additional uses on site.
		(6)	Skating Rinks	1 space per 100 square feet of rink area, or 1 space per 3 fixed seats; plus required parking for additional uses on site.
		(7)	Sports Arenas (soccer, basketball)	25 spaces per field or court; plus 1 space per 3 fixed seats of spectator area; plus 1 space per 21 square feet of spectator area without fixed seating; plus required parking for additional uses on site.
		(8)	Children’s Indoor Play Facility	1 space per 200 square feet of recreational activity area; plus 1 space per 250 square feet of office floor area; plus required parking for additional uses on site.
	e.	Outdoor Entertainment		As determined by the Director.
	f.	Outdoor Sports and Recreation
		(1)	Driving Ranges	1.5 spaces per tee; plus required parking for additional uses on site.
		(2)	Golf Courses	10 spaces per hole; plus required parking for additional uses on site.
		(3)	Miniature Golf	2 spaces per hole; plus required parking for additional uses on site.
		(4)	Swimming Pools	1 space per 500 square feet of gross area (includes locker rooms, changing rooms, pool deck); plus 1 space per 45 square feet of water area.
		(5)	Tennis/Racquet/Handball Courts	2 spaces per court; plus required parking for additional uses on site.
	g.	Recreation Facilities		All uses within such a facility shall provide parking as contained in this code.
	h.	Residential Recreation Facilities		All uses within such a facility shall provide parking as contained in this code.
17.	Retail Sales, General
	a.	Retail		1 space per 250 square feet.
	b.	Shopping Centers
		(1)	Up to 100,000 square feet	1 space per 200 square feet minimum—as each tenant space is leased, parking shall be applied to that use as outlined in this chapter until all available parking is assigned to a use.
		(2)	Greater than 100,000 square feet	1 space per 200 square feet.
18.	Retail Sales, Specific
	a.	Building Materials Stores		1 space per 250 square feet of building area; plus 1 space per 1,000 square feet of outdoor display/storage area.
	b.	Carpet and Flooring Stores		1 space per 400 square feet.
	c.	Department Stores		1 space per 250 square feet; plus required parking for additional uses on site.
	d.	Discount Stores
	e.	Drugstores
	f.	Equipment Rental Yards		1 space per 250 square feet of building area; plus 1 space per 1,000 square feet of outdoor storage area.
	g.	Feed and Tack Stores		1 space per 250 square feet.
	h.	Food Stores		1 space per 250 square feet.
	i.	Furniture Stores		1 space per 400 square feet.
	j.	Garden Supply Stores		1 space per 250 square feet.
	k.	Liquor Stores or Sales		1 space per 250 square feet.
	l.	Nurseries
		(1)	Retail	1 space per 250 square feet; plus 1 space per 1,000 square feet of outdoor storage area.
		(2)	Wholesale
	m.	Pawnshops		1 space per 250 square feet.
	n.	Second Hand Stores		1 space per 250 square feet.
	o.	Swap Meets and Flea Markets		As determined by the Director.
	p.	Tobacco Paraphernalia Stores		1 space per 250 square feet.
	q.	Vendors, Long-Term		As determined by the Director.
19.	Retail Services			1 space per 250 square feet.
20.	Schools, Specialized
	a.	Vocational Schools		1 space per classroom; plus 1 space for each 3 fixed seats; plus 1 space per each 60 square feet of classroom area without fixed seats; plus 1 space for each 250 square feet of other floor area.
	b.	Instructional Schools
		(1)	Facilities focusing on physical development and/or instruction	1 space per each 150 square feet.
		(2)	Facilities focusing on mental development and/or education	1 space per each 150 square feet.
21.	Storage, Self			1 space per employee; plus 1 space per 250 square feet of office; plus additional parking as determined by the Director.
22.	Tattoo Parlors			1 space per 250 square feet.
23.	Vehicle Sales and Services
	a.	Automobile Sales and Services
		(1)	Body Repair and Painting	1 space per each 400 square feet; plus required parking for additional uses on site.
		(2)	Commercial Storage	As determined by the Director.
		(3)	Gas Sales	Minimum 5 spaces; plus required parking for additional uses on site.
		(4)	Repair and/or Maintenance	1 space per each 400 square feet; plus required parking for additional uses on site.
		(5)	(A) Sales (B) Rentals	1 parking space for every 250 square feet of office space; plus sufficient parking in vehicle display areas to accommodate all vehicles in on-site inventory offered for sale or lease as determined by the Director.
		(6)	Wash
			(A) Manual/Self-Service	3 car stacking distance in front of each bay for washing, drying and vacuuming of cars; plus required parking for additional uses on site.
			(B) Full Service	Minimum 2,000 square foot queuing area for incoming cars; plus a minimum 3,000 square feet of area beyond the exit of the washing area; plus required parking for additional uses on site.
	b.	Boat and Camper/RV Sales and Service
		(1)	Commercial Storage	As determined by the Director.
		(2)	Repair	2 boat/camper spaces per bay (size to be determined by the Director); plus 1 space per each 500 square feet plus; required parking for additional uses on site.
		(3)	Sales and Rental	1 space per each 3,000 square feet of indoor and outdoor display area; plus required parking for additional uses on site.
	c.	Heavy Equipment Sale and Services
		(1)	Commercial Storage	As determined by the Director.
		(2)	Repair	2 heavy equipment spaces per bay (size to be determined by the Director); plus 1 space per each 500 square feet; plus required parking for additional uses on site.
		(3)	Sales and Rental	1 space per each piece of equipment for sale/rental (size to be determined by the Director); plus 1 space per each 5,000 square feet of indoor and outdoor display area; plus required parking for additional uses on site.
	d.	Motorcycle Sales and Service		1 space per each 400 square feet.
	e.	Truck Large, Sales and Service
		(1)	Body Repair	2 large truck spaces per bay (size to be determined by the Director); plus 1 space per each 500 square feet; plus required parking for additional uses on site.
		(2)	Commercial Storage	As determined by the Director.
		(3)	Fuel Sales	As determined by the Director.
		(4)	Repair Services	2 large truck spaces per bay (size to be determined by the Director); plus 1 space per each 500 square feet; plus required parking for additional uses on site.
		(5)	Sales and Rental	1 space per vehicle for sale/rental (size to be determined by the Director); plus 1 space per each 5,000 square feet of indoor and outdoor display area; plus required parking for additional uses on site.
		(6)	Truck Stops	As determined by the Director.


Industrial Uses Unless otherwise noted, all required parking spaces shall be designed in accordance with Section 17.18.070.

1.	Assembly			1 space per 500 square feet of assembly/bottling area or 1 space per two employees of largest shift, whichever is greater; plus 1 space per business vehicle; plus required parking for additional uses on site.
2.	Bottling Plants
3.	Cleaning and Dying Plants			As determined by the Director.
4.	Distribution			1 space per 1,000 square feet of distribution floor area or 1 space per two employees of largest shift, whichever is greater; plus 1 space per business vehicle plus required parking for additional uses on site.
5.	Distributor Showrooms			1 space per 250 square feet.
6.	Furniture Upholstering			1 space per each 2 employees.
7.	Laboratories			As determined by the Director.
8.	Food Processing			1 space per 500 square feet of manufacturing/processing area or 1 space per two employees of largest shift, whichever is greater; plus 1 space per business vehicle; plus required parking for additional uses on site.
9.	Manufacturing
	a.	Scrap Metal Processing		3 spaces minimum or 1 space per 7,000 square feet of yard area or fraction thereof up to first 42,000 square feet plus 1 space for each 20,000 square feet or fraction thereof, in excess of 42,000 square feet, whichever is greater.
	b.	Automobile Dismantling
	c.	Salvage Yards
10.	Moving and Storage Facilities			1 space per 2,000 square feet of storage area; plus required parking for additional uses on site.
11.	Outdoor Storage
	a.	Building Materials Yards		1 space per 1,000 square feet of storage area.
	b.	Contractor Storage Yards		1 space per 5,000 square feet of outdoor storage area; plus 1 space per each business vehicle; plus required parking for additional uses on site.
	c.	General		1 space per 5,000 square feet of outdoor storage area; plus 1 space per each business vehicle; plus required parking for additional uses on site.
	d.	Lumber Yards
		(1)	Retail	1 space per 1,000 square feet of storage area.
		(2)	Wholesale	1 space per 5,000 square feet of storage area.
	e.	Vehicle Impound Yards		Minimum of 5 spaces; plus 1 space per business vehicle; plus required parking for additional uses on site.
12.	Recycling
	a.	Vending Machines as an Accessory Use		No additional parking needed.
	b.	Collection Truck/Bins as Accessory Use		No additional parking needed.
	c.	Recycling Centers		As determined by the Director.
	d.	Greenwaste
	e.	Materials Recovery Facility
13.	Studios, Recording
14.	Truck Terminal
15.	Warehousing			1 space per 1,000 square feet of warehouse area; plus 1 space per business vehicle; plus required parking for additional uses on site.
Public and Semi Public Uses Unless otherwise noted, all required parking spaces shall be designed in accordance with Section 17.18.070.

1.	Community Assembly			1 space per 4 fixed seats (every 24 inches of bench shall be considered one seat); plus 1 space per 28 square feet of assembly area without fixed seats.
2.	Homeless Shelters			1 space per employee/staff member; plus 1 space per 5 temporary residents.
3.	Hospital Services			2 spaces per each licensed bed; plus 1 space per 400 square feet of outpatient clinic, laboratories, pharmacies and similar uses established in conjunction with the hospital. A minimum of 25 percent of the parking shall be designated for employees.
4.	Museums, Private			1 space per 400 square feet.
5.	Parks, Public and Private
	a.	50 acres or less		1 space per each 45 square feet of gymnasium; plus 1 space per each 100 square feet of floor area in the largest room in each gymnasium building; plus 1 space for each 400 square feet of remaining floor area in gymnasium and other buildings (excluding parking structures, maintenance buildings and buildings not open to the public); plus 1 space per each 1/2 acre of developed park area up to 15 acres; plus 1 space for each additional acres of developed park in excess of 15 acres.
	b.	More than 50 acres		Number of spaces shall be based on the occupant load of each facility constructed. Where said standards are not available, the Director shall make the determination based on the recommendation of the Director of Parks and Recreation.
6.	Public Parking Facilities			As determined by Director.
7.	Public Services			As determined by Director.
8.	Rehabilitation Facility			1 space per resident; plus 2 spaces per each employee dwelling.
9.	Schools, Public and Private
	a.	College and University		As determined by the Director.
		(1)	College Facilities	Unless specified below, parking requirements for College Facilities shall be calculated per parking requirements contained in this code.
			(A) On-site student housing	0.75 spaces per bed.
	b.	Primary Schools		2 spaces per classroom; plus required parking for additional uses on site.
	c.	Secondary Schools		1 space per classroom; plus 1 space per 5 students; plus required parking for additional uses on site.
10.	Wireless Communication Facilities			As determined by the Director.
Agricultural Use Types Unless otherwise noted, all required parking spaces shall be designed in accordance with Section 17.18.070.

1.	Horticulture			As determined by the Director.
	a.	Residential Use Only
	b.	For Commercial Sale
	c.	Within Public Utility Easements
2.	Farmers Market
3.	Farm Worker Housing
4.	Keeping of Animals
5.	Riding Trails
6.	Wildlife Preserves and Sanctuaries
Temporary Use Types Unless otherwise noted, all required parking spaces shall be designed in accordance with Section 17.18.070.

1.	Temporary Residence			2 spaces per unit.
2.	Temporary Real Estate Offices			1 space per 250 square feet.
3.	Incidental Service For Employees			No additional spaces needed.
Development Activities/Miscellaneous Use Types Unless otherwise noted, all required parking spaces shall be designed in accordance with Section 17.18.070.

1.	Railroad Rights-of-Way			As determined by the Director.

(Ord. 00-3, 2/8/00; Ord. 01-5, 2/27/01; Ord. 02-5, 4/23/02; Ord. 05-1 § 2, 1/25/05; Ord. 05-19 § 2, 12/13/05; Ord. 07-1 § 2, 1/23/07; Ord. 08-13 § 2, 8/26/08; Ord. 11-4 § 2 (Exh. A), 2/8/11)

17.18.140 Modification of Off-Street Parking Requirements.

A. Public and Private Parks. The Director may, without public hearing, approve a modification in the number of automobile parking spaces required for public and private parks, where the Director finds:

1. That the Director of Parks, Recreation and Community Services has determined that due to location, size or other factors, anticipated client usage would indicate that a lesser parking requirement is adequate and so recommends;

2. The elimination of parking spaces in the number proposed will not result in traffic congestion, excess off-site parking or unauthorized use of parking facilities developed to serve surrounding property;

3. That no written protest to the proposed reduction in parking spaces has been received within fifteen (15) working days following the date of mailing by the Director, of notice of the proposed modification by first class mail, postage prepaid, to all persons whose names and addresses appear on the latest available assessment roll of the County of Los Angeles as owning property within a distance of five hundred (500) feet from the exterior boundaries of such park. Such notice shall also indicate that any person opposed to the granting of such modification may express such opposition by written protest to the Director within the prescribed fifteen (15) day period;

4. That sufficient land area is reserved to ensure that the parking requirements of this section may be complied with should such additional parking be required in the future due to changes in client usage;

5. In all cases where a written protest has been received a public hearing shall be scheduled before the Commission. Notification and action shall follow the procedure outlined in Section 17.01.100. Following a public hearing the Commission shall approve or deny the proposed modification, based on the findings required by this section for approval by the Director exclusive of written protest.

B. Enclosed Parking. The Director of Community Development may with a minor use permit allow a carport design which is not enclosed on at least three (3) sides based upon the following criteria:

1. Vehicles parked in such carports are completely or predominately screened from view of the public street by means of landscaping, grade differentials, walls, structures or other means;

2. The carports are enhanced by landscaping and/or other decorative design materials;

3. The layout of carport areas incorporates design variations to avoid a long, linear and monotonous appearance;

4. The exterior building materials of such carports are of similar quality and architectural style to that of the main building on-site; and

5. Roof pitches are generally consistent or compatible with those of the main buildings on-site.

C. Shared Parking. Shared parking shall be allowed with approval of a conditional use permit in commercial and industrial zones for parking adjustments over twenty percent (20%), and with approval of an adjustment in commercial and industrial zones for parking adjustments twenty percent (20%) and under, pursuant to Chapter 17.03 of this code.

1. Parking facilities may be jointly used with parking facilities for other uses when operations are not normally conducted during the same hours, or when hours of peak use vary. Requests for shared parking in excess of twenty (20) percent are subject to the approval of the Planning Commission and must meet the following conditions:

a. A parking analysis shall demonstrate that substantial conflict will not exist in the principal hours or periods of peak demand for the uses which the joint use is proposed.

b. The number of parking spaces which may be credited against the requirements for the structures involved shall not exceed the number of parking spaces reasonably anticipated to be available during differing hours of operation.

c. Parking facilities designated for joint use would not be located further than five hundred (500) feet from any structure or use served.

d. A written agreement shall be drawn to the satisfaction of the City Attorney and executed by all parties concerned assuring the continued availability of the number of spaces designated for the joint use. (Ord. 00-3, 2/8/00; Ord. 01-5, 2/27/01; Ord. 02-5, 4/23/02; Ord. 05-1 § 2, 1/25/05; Ord. 05-19 § 2, 12/13/05; Ord. 08-13 § 2, 8/26/08)

17.18.150 Commercial Vehicle Prohibition.

A. It shall be unlawful to park a commercial vehicle, as defined in the Vehicle Code, on any street in a residential zone, as defined in this development code, at any time, except that the following shall be permitted:

1. Vehicles with a gross vehicle weight (GVW) of less than twelve thousand (12,000) pounds;

2. Vehicles while in the act of loading or unloading passengers, material, or merchandise;

3. Vehicles when necessarily in use for construction work being performed in the immediate vicinity; and

4. Vehicles engaged in performing a service activity on the adjacent lot or parcel of land.

B. The parking of any commercial vehicle, as defined in the Vehicle Code, having a gross vehicle weight (GVW) of greater than twelve thousand (12,000) pounds, on any property zoned for residential uses, is prohibited, with the exception of the following:

1. Vehicles while in the act of loading or unloading passengers, materials, or merchandise;

2. Vehicles engaged in performing a service activity on the adjacent lot or parcel of land; and

3. Vehicles when necessarily in use for construction work being performed in the immediate vicinity.