Chapter 18.45 PARKING AND LOADING STANDARDS

Chapter 18.45
PARKING AND LOADING STANDARDS

Sections:

18.45.040 Maintenance of off-street parking and loading.

18.45.050 Off-street parking and loading design standards.

18.45.010 Purpose.

This chapter establishes parking and loading standards for uses allowed in the city. The standards are intended to lessen congestion on streets and to ensure an adequate supply of parking and loading spaces within a reasonable distance of development. (Ord. 665 § 32 (part), 2017)

18.45.020 Required parking and loading.

A. Required Parking and Queuing.

1. Required Parking. The table below establishes the minimum required parking spaces that must be provided for each use in this title. Where a minimum requirement is not listed in the table it shall be determined by the community development director upon finding the proposed use has a need for parking. Calculations that reference floor area are based on the gross floor area. Calculations that reference employees are based on the maximum number of employees normally on duty at any one time.

Required Parking DU = dwelling unit LU = lodging unit
Use	Parking Spaces
Open Space Uses
Forestry	n/a
Agriculture	n/a
Residential Uses
Detached Single-Family Unit	2 per DU
Attached Single-Family Unit	1.5 per DU
Apartment	1.5 per DU
Group Home	0.5 per bed
Correctional Group Home	0.5 per bed
Lodging Uses
Conventional Lodging	0.6 per LU
Campground	1 per campsite + 1 per 7.5 campsites
Institutional Uses
Assembly	Independent Calculation
Day Care Center	0.5 per employee
School	Independent Calculation
Emergency Services	Independent Calculation
Commercial Uses
Office	1.5 per 1,000 sf
Retail	3 per 1,000 sf
Service	2 per 1,000 sf
Restaurant/Bar	5 per 1,000 sf
Mobile Food Vendor	Independent Calculation
Heavy Retail/Service	2 per 1,000 sf + 3 per repair bay + 1 per wash bay
Storage	Independent Calculation
Nursery	2 per 1,000 sf + 1 per 4,000 sf outdoor display area + 1 per employee
Battery Exchange Station	Independent Calculation
Sexually Oriented Business	3 per 1,000 sf
Amusement and Recreation
Amusement	3 per 1,000 sf
Outdoor Recreation	Independent Calculation
Developed Recreation	Independent Calculation
Industrial Uses
Craft Food Production	Independent Calculation
Light Industry	0.5 per employee + 1 per company vehicle
Heavy Industry	0.5 per employee + 1 per company vehicle
Disposal	1 per employee + 1 per stored vehicle
Landscape Supply Yard	0.5 per employee + 1 per company vehicle
Transportation and Infrastructure Uses
Parking	n/a
Utility Facility	1 per employee + 1 per stored vehicle
Sewer Facility	1 per employee + 1 per stored vehicle
Wireless Telecommunications Facility	1 per employee + 1 per stored vehicle
Accessory Uses
Accessory Dwelling Unit	1 per DU
Bed and Breakfast	0.75 per LU
Home Occupation	n/a
Home Business	1 per employee
Drive-Up Facility	n/a
Home Day Care	1 per employee
Battery Charging Station	n/a
Temporary Uses
Yard Sale	n/a
Christmas Tree Sales	1 per 1,000 sf outdoor display area + 1 per employee
Farm Stand	5 per 1,000 sf display area
Temporary Real Estate Sales Office	2
Temporary Shelter	2 per DU
Temporary Gravel Processing	1 per employee

2. Administrative Variance. The community development director may establish a lesser parking requirement pursuant to the procedure for administrative variances outlined in Section 18.20.080. The community development director must find, based on information from reliable sources, that a lesser standard is workable due to anticipated parking demand and alternative transportation services available.

3. Change of Use. An application for a change of use shall only be required to additionally provide the difference between the parking requirement of the existing use and proposed use, regardless of the actual parking that exists.

B. Shared Parking. If two or more uses occupy a site or structure, the required parking, queuing and loading shall be the additive total for each individual use unless the community development director determines uses are compatible for sharing parking based on the following standards.

1. Residential and Nonresidential Uses. A percentage of the parking spaces required for nonresidential uses may be considered shared with on-site residential uses in accordance with the table below, and the extent to which:

a. The residential use provides on-site employee housing; and

b. The location and design of the development enhance the shared parking function.

Percentage of Nonresidential Parking Spaces that May Be Shared
Nonresidential Use	Residential Use
Retail	25%
Office	75%
Restaurant/Bar	20%
Service	25%
All Industrial	75%
Other Nonresidential	20%

2. Other Compatible Uses. Notwithstanding the standard percentages established in the table above, reductions in total parking requirements between and among any uses may be granted in one or more of the following circumstances:

a. When it is intended that patrons frequent more than one use in a single trip (example: lodging and restaurant);

b. When operating hours are substantially different (example: movie theater and office);

c. When peak trip generation characteristics are substantially different (example: lodging and retail).

C. Required Disability Parking. Disability parking requirements defer to the adopted building code.

D. Required Bicycle Parking. All nonresidential uses must provide on-site parking spaces for use by nonmotorized vehicles.

1. Standard. One bicycle parking space must be provided for every ten (10) vehicle spaces required.

2. Required Facilities. Bicycle parking requirements must be fulfilled through the installation of lockers, racks, or equivalent structures in or upon which a bicycle may be locked by the user. All racks must be securely anchored to the ground or building surface. Racks must be designed to accommodate U-shaped locks.

3. Location. Bicycle parking must be located in a clearly designated, safe and convenient location. A safe parking location is defined as a location whereby activity around bicycle parking is easily observable, conveniently located to the bicyclist’s destination, and adequately separated from motor vehicles and pedestrians. Surfaces around bicycle parking facilities must be maintained and mud-free.

E. Required Loading. A structure, or a complex of structures, that contains uses requiring deliveries or shipments must provide loading facilities. The loading facilities must be designed so as not to interfere with any emergency or disability access. An application must address how the specific loading needs of the proposed use are being addressed.

F. Required Queuing Spaces.

1. Drive-Up Facility. Drive-up facilities must have at least three queuing spaces per service lane. (Ord. 689 § 6, 2020; Ord. 665 § 32 (part), 2017)

18.45.030 Location of required parking.

A. On Site, Off Street. Unless a shared parking agreement is approved, all parking spaces, aisles, and turning areas must be located off street and entirely within the boundaries of the land served.

B. Off Site, Off Street. Required parking may be provided off site with the approval of a shared parking agreement. The off-site parking must be within one thousand (1,000) feet of the use it serves as measured along an established pedestrian route. A deed restriction may be required to ensure the off-site parking is permanent.

C. Off Site, On Street. Required parking may be provided on the street if allowed in the zone. See the zone-specific standards found in Chapters 18.41 through 18.43 for more information.

D. Parking Areas Must Not Encroach. Off-street parking spaces, aisles, and turning areas must not encroach on any road or other public right-of-way. Parked vehicles must not encroach into any road or public right-of-way. (Ord. 665 § 32 (part), 2017)

18.45.040 Maintenance of off-street parking and loading.

A. General. All off-street parking and loading areas shall be maintained adequately for all-weather use and be properly drained.

B. Storage Prohibited. Off-street parking spaces shall be available for the parking of operable passenger automobiles of the residents, customers, patrons, and employees of the use for which they are required by this chapter. The storage of inoperable vehicles or materials, or the parking of delivery trucks in such spaces shall be prohibited.

C. Display of Vehicles for Sale. Vehicles shall not be displayed for sale in nonresidential parking areas except licensed bona-fide automobile dealerships, and excepting casual display by vehicle owners who are employees or patrons present on the premises at the times of such display.

D. Repair Work Prohibited. No repair work that renders the vehicle inoperable for more than twenty-four (24) hours shall be permitted on off-street parking or loading facilities. (Ord. 665 § 32 (part), 2017)

18.45.050 Off-street parking and loading design standards.

All off-street parking and loading facilities shall meet the following design standards:

A. Surface and Drainage.

1. Paving Required.

a. Outdoor, off-street parking and loading areas, aisles and access drives must be paved, except parking areas, aisles and access drives for detached single-family units, which may be gravel.

b. The community development director may approve another surface pursuant to the procedure for administrative variances outlined in Section 18.20.080. The community development director must find, based on information from reliable sources, that an alternative surface is warranted and appropriate.

2. Paving Standards. Paved parking and loading areas, aisles and access drives shall be paved with concrete, grasscrete, paving blocks, asphalt, or another all-weather surface.

3. Landscape Islands. Parking lots shall include landscaped islands to avoid large expanses of asphalt and shall be screened from off-site, or their view substantially filtered by, vegetation.

4. Compaction and Drainage. Parking and loading areas, aisles, and access drives shall be compacted and paved or surfaced in conformity with applicable specifications to provide a durable surface, shall be graded and drained so as to dispose of surface water runoff without damage to private or public land, roads, or alleys, and shall conform with any additional standards for drainage prescribed by this title, or other applicable regulations and standards.

B. Access and Circulation Standards.

1. Unobstructed Access. Each required parking space must have unobstructed access from a road or alley, or from an aisle or drive connecting with a road or alley except for approved tandem parking.

2. Tandem Parking. Tandem parking (one vehicle parking directly behind another) is not permitted, and shall not be credited toward meeting any parking requirement of this chapter except for residential uses not exceeding four units on one lot; provided, that the tandem parking spaces are assigned to the same residential unit.

3. Backing onto Roads and Public Streets Prohibited. Except for parking facilities serving detached single-family residential lots and parking facilities accommodating four or fewer vehicles, all off-street parking spaces must open directly onto a parking aisle and be designed so that they will not be necessary for vehicles to back out into any road or public street.

4. Traffic Interference Prohibited. All off-street parking and loading facilities must be designed with access to a street or alley in one or more locations that cause the least interference with traffic movements.

5. Nonresidential Use Access Drive Width. Access drives to nonresidential uses shall have a minimum width of twelve (12) feet for drives posted as one-way or twenty-four (24) feet for two-lane drives.

6. Access Drive Intersections. Intersections of parking lot aisles shall be at least forty (40) feet from a curb cut.

C. Parking Facility Dimensions.

1. Parking Space Dimensions.

a. Width.

i. Standard Parking Space. A parking space shall be nine feet in width.

ii. Compact Parking Space. A compact parking space shall be at least 8.5 feet in width.

b. Length.

i. Standard Parking Space. A standard parking space shall be eighteen (18) feet in length.

ii. Compact Parking Space. A compact parking space shall be at least fifteen (15) feet in length.

iii. Overhang with Wheel Stop. The length of parking spaces may be reduced by two feet, including the wheel stop, if an additional two feet of length is provided for the front overhang of the car. The overhang must not reduce the width of an adjacent walkway to less than four feet in width.

iv. Alley Access. Any parking space accessed directly from an alley shall have a minimum length of twenty-two (22) feet.

v. Parallel Parking Space. All parallel parking spaces shall have a minimum length of twenty-two (22) feet.

c. Vertical Clearance. Parking spaces shall have a vertical clearance of at least seven feet.

2. Parking Module Dimensions. The table below specifies the minimum widths for parking rows, aisles, and modules. The figures below illustrate the standards.

Minimum Dimensions for Parking Modules
	Spacing Angle
	Parallel	30˚	45˚	60˚	90˚
Single Row of Parking
Parking Space Depth	9'	17'	19'	20'	18'
Drive Aisle Width	12'	12'	13'	18'	24'
Total Module Width	21'	29'	32'	38'	42'
Two Rows of Parking
Parking Space Depth	9'	17'	19'	20'	18'
Drive Aisle Width	12'	12'	13'	18'	24'
Total Module Width	30'	46'	51'	58'	60'

Single Row of Parking

Two Rows of Parking

3. Gravel Area Dimensions. The minimum size of a gravel parking area shall be ten percent (10%) larger than required of a paved area.

4. Queuing Space Design Standards. Queuing spaces shall be a minimum of twenty (20) feet in length and ten (10) feet in width. All required queuing must be contained on site, must not encroach into any public right-of-way, and must not be designed so as to block entry or exit from other on-site parking. (Ord. 665 § 32 (part), 2017)