Chapter 22.70
FENCING, SCREENING AND LANDSCAPING
Sections:
22.70.010 Purpose and intent.
22.70.020 General provisions – Fencing.
22.70.030 Screening and buffering.
22.70.010 Purpose and intent.
The use of fencing and screening reduces visual, noise and lighting impacts on adjacent properties and provides visual separation and physical buffers between land uses. It also serves to protect the health, safety and welfare of the community by eliminating dangerous conditions and preserving property values. (Ord. 07-015 § 4, 2007).
22.70.020 General provisions – Fencing.
A. No sight-obstructing fence more than 36 inches in height, nor any non-sight-obstructing fence (cyclone) more than 48 inches in height may be erected and/or maintained within the required front yard of any lot used for residential purposes.
B. Any fence or wall, erected or placed behind the minimum required front yard line may be erected or maintained to a maximum height of eight feet above the adjacent grade in residential zoning districts. Lots with double street frontage may have a fence constructed on the property line around the yard not used as the main point of access (the apparent backyard).
C. Neither residential, commercial or industrial fencing, nor any sight obstruction including vegetation, which constitutes a hazard to the traveling public shall be permitted on any corner lot in any zone within the area designated as the “clearview triangle” as set forth below:
1. A clearview triangle is a measurement applied at the intersection of two streets or the intersection of an alley or commercial driveway and a street to ensure unobstructed vision of motorists and pedestrians. Within the clearview triangle, the space between three and one-half feet and seven feet above the street, or three feet above the sidewalk, must be unobstructed and calculated as follows:
Figure 22.70-1 Clearview Requirements
a. Uncontrolled Intersection. The right isosceles triangle having sides of 50 feet measure along the curb line of each intersecting local access street (or five feet from edge of pavement for a street with no curbs), alley or commercial driveway (see Figure 22.70-2); or
Figure 22.70-2 Uncontrolled Intersection
b. Two-Way Stop Controlled Intersection. The right triangle having a 16-foot side measured along the curb line of a local access street (or five feet from edge of pavement for a street with no curbs), alley or commercial driveway, and the distance shown on Table 22.70-1 based on posted speed along the side along the curb line of the intersecting street (or five feet from edge of pavement for a street with no curbs) (see Figure 22.70-3); or
Figure 22.70-3 Two-Way Stop Controlled Intersection
|
Posted Speed (in MPH) |
Distance (in Feet) |
|---|---|
|
25 |
70 |
|
30 |
95 |
|
35 |
110 |
c. In cases including, but not limited to, arterials with posted speeds in excess of 35 miles per hour, one-way streets, steep grades and sharp curves, the City traffic engineer will determine the appropriate measurement; or
d. Yield-Controlled Intersection. For intersections of local streets with 25 mile per hour speed limits, the right triangle having a 35-foot side measured along the curb line or edge of pavement of the yield-controlled street, and an 80-foot side measured along the curb line or edge of pavement of the intersecting street. Triangles for yield-controlled intersections on collectors or arterials, or streets with speeds higher than 25 miles per hour, will be determined by the City traffic engineer (see Figure 22.70-4); or
e. All-Way Stop Controlled. The triangle determined by the City traffic engineer using AASHTO sight distance requirements for all-way stop controlled intersections; or
Figure 22.70-4 Yield-Controlled Intersection
f. Signal-Controlled Intersection. The triangle determined by the City traffic engineer using AASHTO sight distance requirements for signalized intersections; or
g. Noncommercial Driveway Serving Three or More Residences. The right isosceles triangle having sides of 15 feet measured along the curb line of the street and the edge of the driveway (see Figure 22.70-5).
Figure 22.70-5 Noncommercial Driveway
D. Exemptions. Clearview triangle regulations of this chapter shall not apply to:
1. Public utility poles;
2. Trees, so long as they are not planted in the form of a hedge and are trimmed to a height of at least seven feet above the street surface;
3. Properties where the natural ground contour penetrates the clearview triangle; and
4. Traffic control devices installed by the City.
E. Fences in nonresidential, commercial, mixed use and industrial zoning districts shall not exceed eight feet in height.
F. Barbed wire or razor wire may be used for security purposes only on the upper one-quarter of the fence in industrial zoning districts. Barbed wire, concertina or razor wire shall not be permitted in any mixed use zoning district adjacent to any public right-of-way.
G. Electric fences may be used for the confinement of animals; provided, however, that:
1. The fence is marked with warning signs at least 24 square inches in area located every 150 feet; and
2. The electric fence is located not less than 24 inches from the property line; and
3. Access to the fence is limited by conventional fencing or enclosure.
H. A combination of sight-obscuring fences and landscaping shall be required between incompatible land uses as established in SVMC 22.70.030.
I. Fencing shall not block the view of fire protection equipment from approach. (Ord. 07-015 § 4, 2007).
22.70.030 Screening and buffering.
A. Applicability. The provisions of this section apply only to multifamily and nonresidential projects.
B. Type I – Full Screening.
1. Where required for full screening, a sight-obscuring fence shall be installed consistent with the requirements for a clearview triangle. The fence shall be at least six feet high and 100 percent sight obscuring. Fences may be made of wood, ornamental iron or aluminum, brick, masonry, architectural panels, chain link with slats, or other permanent materials, berms, walls, vegetative plantings, or some combination of these.
2. The required fence shall be further screened by a mix of plantings located within a five-foot buffer strip that are layered and/or combined to obtain an immediate dense sight-obscuring barrier of two to three feet in height, selected to reach six feet in height at maturity as follows:
a. A mixture of conifers and deciduous trees, planted at a distance of not less than 35 feet on center, with a maximum of 50 percent of the trees being deciduous;
b. Evergreen shrubs shall comprise at least 75 percent of the plantings, planted at a distance of not less than six feet on center;
c. A minimum of 24 points of landscaping shall be installed for every 25 linear feet of buffer area;
d. Plantings used for full screening adjacent to public or private rights-of-way shall be located outside the fence or security system.
Figure 22.70-6 Example of Type I Landscaping with Sight-Obscuring Fence (Not to Scale)
3. All trees and shrubs shall be planted and maintained in accordance with the standards of the American Association of Nurserymen. All newly planted trees and shrubs shall be mulched and maintained to give a clean and weed-free appearance.
Figure 22.70-7 Type I Full Screening
C. Type II – Visual Buffering.
1. Where required to minimize the incompatibility between adjacent land uses, a visual screen of not less than five feet in width which may consist of fencing, architectural panels, berms, walls, vegetative plantings, or some combination of these shall be installed as follows:
a. A mixture of conifers and deciduous trees, planted at a distance of not less than 35 feet on center, with a maximum of 75 percent of the trees being deciduous;
b. Evergreen shrubs shall comprise at least 50 percent of the plantings;
c. A minimum of 18 points of landscaping shall be installed for every 25 linear feet of buffer area.
2. All trees and shrubs shall be planted and maintained in accordance with the standards of the American Association of Nurserymen (a copy of which is on file in the planning department). All newly planted trees and shrubs shall be mulched and maintained to give a clean and weed-free appearance.
Figure 22.70-8 Example of Type II Landscaping
3. The buffer shall run the entire length of the abutting lot line(s). A natural, undisturbed wooded area at least 20 feet in width may substitute for landscaping.
D. Full screening and buffering are required for land use classification as shown on Table 22.70-2.
|
Zoning Districts |
R-1, R-2, R-3, R-4 |
MF-1, MF-2 |
O, GO |
NC, C, RC |
CMU, MUC |
City Center |
I-1, I-2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Planned Residential Development |
I |
I |
I |
I |
I |
I |
I |
|
Manufactured Home Parks |
I |
I |
I |
I |
I |
I |
I |
|
MF-1, MF-2 |
I |
n/a |
I |
II |
II |
II |
I |
|
O, GO |
I |
I |
n/a |
II |
n/a |
n/a |
n/a |
|
NC, C, RC |
I |
I |
II |
n/a |
n/a |
n/a |
n/a |
|
CMU, MUC |
I |
I |
n/a |
n/a |
n/a |
n/a |
n/a |
|
City Center |
I |
I |
n/a |
n/a |
n/a |
n/a |
n/a |
|
I-1, I-2 |
I |
I |
I |
I |
I |
I |
n/a |
|
I – Type I Full Screening II – Type II Visual Buffering n/a – Not Applicable |
|||||||
E. General Provisions – Landscaping.
1. Applicant may use any combination of planting materials to meet the requirements of this section. Points are assigned based on the following:
|
Type of Plant Material |
Minimum Size (at time of planting) |
Point Value |
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Deciduous Trees (in caliper inches) |
Evergreen Trees (in feet of height) |
||
|
Large Tree |
8-inch or greater |
22 ft. and over |
26 |
|
7-inch |
19 – 21 ft. |
24 |
|
|
6-inch |
16 – 18 ft. |
22 |
|
|
5-inch |
13 – 15 ft. |
20 |
|
|
4-inch |
11 – 12 ft. |
18 |
|
|
3-inch |
9 – 10 ft. |
15 |
|
|
Medium Tree |
2-inch |
7 – 8 ft. |
12 |
|
Small Tree |
Single trunk: 1-inch |
5 – 6 ft. |
9 |
|
Ornamental Tree |
Multiple trunk (minimum 3 trunks): smallest trunk 1-inch caliper |
5 – 6 ft. |
9 |
|
Large Shrub |
5-gallon and 24-inch height at planting |
3 |
|
|
Medium Shrub |
3-gallon and 12-inch height at planting |
2 |
|
|
Small Shrub |
2-gallon and 8-inch height at planting |
1 |
|
|
Ornamental Grasses |
1 gallon |
1/2 |
|
|
Groundcover |
1 gallon |
1/2 |
|
|
4-inch pots |
1/4 |
||
|
Existing Trees |
Greater than 6-inch caliper |
22 – 50 |
|
|
Landscaped Berm |
30-inch height; 10-foot length; 3:1 slope |
1 per 5 linear ft. |
|
|
Turf Grass |
n/a |
1/4 per sq. yd. |
|
2. Landscaping must equal or exceed a minimum number of points based on the size of the lot, parcel or tract and the number of parking spaces.
|
Size of Developed Area |
Number of Points Required |
|---|---|
|
0 – 500 sq. ft. |
Site points = 10 |
|
500 – 2,500 sq. ft. |
Site points = 25 |
|
2,500 – 5,000 sq. ft. |
Site points = 50 |
|
More than 5,000 sq. ft. |
Site points = 50 plus one point for each 200 sq. ft. of area over 5,000 sq. ft. |
|
Parking lots |
Two points per required parking space and one point for each proposed additional parking space |
3. An additional 10 percent in the number of points shall be required adjacent to the following aesthetic corridors:
a. State Route 27 from 16th Avenue South to 32nd Avenue and Mansfield Avenue to Trent Avenue;
b. Appleway Boulevard (south side from Park Road to Dishman Mica Road);
c. Mirabeau Parkway from Pines Road to Indiana Avenue;
d. Dishman Mica Road from 8th Avenue, south to City limits;
e. 32nd Avenue within the City limits;
f. Appleway Avenue from Barker Road to Hodges Road.
4. Points for required full screening or visual buffers shall be in addition to the points required to meet landscaping requirements of this section.
5. A maximum of 25 percent of required landscape points may be claimed within the street right-of-way.
6. A minimum of 60 percent of points shall be used for landscaping in the front and side yards.
7. A minimum of 25 percent of required points shall be used for evergreen plantings.
8. A maximum of 25 percent of required points may be used for turf grass. (Turf located within the street right-of-way is excluded.)
9. Any addition to existing building(s) or alterations to an existing site exceeding 500 square feet shall require:
a. One point of landscaping for every 200 square feet of developed area, with a minimum of 10 points; and
b. Two points of landscaping for every parking space installed for the building addition.
10. The type and location of vegetation shall not interfere with utilities and the safe and efficient flow of street traffic. Approval by the appropriate City departments responsible for street and utilities shall be required.
11. Any turf grass planted in the street right-of-way shall be excluded from turf point credits.
12. Street trees are included for point calculation.
13. All plant material planted to meet the minimum requirements of these regulations shall be in a healthy condition at the time of planting and shall meet quality standards set forth by the American Standard for Nursery Stock.
14. Turf grass shall be planted, seeded or re-seeded as necessary, watered and maintained in such a manner as to completely cover all exposed areas of soil after one full growing season.
15. No disturbed ground shall be left exposed. Grass and other approved and appropriate ground covers or mulch shall cover all nonpaved and nonbuilt developed areas.
16. Landscaping may be included within stormwater facilities, providing it does not impede on functionality and is consistent with stormwater guidelines.
F. Street Trees.
1. Street trees shall include deciduous trees planted in or within 10 feet of any public or private right-of-way, planted at a distance of not less than 35 feet on center in sleeves designed to direct root development as shown in Figure 22.70-9 of this chapter.
Figure 22.70-9 Root Barrier for Trees Planted Near Walkways
2. If construction is adjacent to any local access, collector or arterial, at least one medium tree shall be planted for each 40 linear feet, or fraction thereof, for that portion of the development abutting the right-of-way.
3. Where overhead utility lines are present, use appropriate street tree species as specified in Appendix 22-A, Recommended Planting List, in subsection O of this section.
G. Landscaping Requirements for Parking Areas.
1. Headlight Screening. Where parking lot design includes spaces which allow vehicles to park perpendicular to public rights-of-way or structures located on adjacent parcels, headlight screening shall be required. Headlight screening should not exceed 30 inches in height for the length of the parking area.
Figure 22.70-10 Headlight Screening
2. When a parking area abuts residentially zoned property along any interior side or rear property line, Type I full screening is required.
3. A maximum of 10 percent of the number of required parking spaces may be replaced with landscaping. Ten points of landscaping shall be required for each substituted parking space.
4. A minimum of 25 percent of required points for parking areas shall be evergreen plant materials.
5. Amount and Location.
a. Each parking lot island and/or peninsula shall be a minimum of 130 square feet with a minimum average width of five feet;
b. Each parking lot island and/or peninsula shall contain a minimum of one medium tree;
c. The distance between any parking space and a landscaped area shall be no more than 75 feet;
d. All parking lot planting areas shall be protected with concrete curbs, or equivalent barriers. Bumper blocks shall not be used for boundaries around the landscaped area;
e. All landscaping must be located between parking stalls, at the end of parking columns, or between stalls and the property line. Landscaping which occurs between the parking lot and a building or recreation area shall not be considered as satisfaction of these requirements;
f. Each tree shall be planted a minimum of two feet away from the outside of any permanent barrier of a landscaped area or edge of the parking area. Trees shall be staked for a period of not less than 12 months after planting;
g. Ground cover or grasses shall be planted to cover each parking lot planting area within three years from the date of issuance of the certificate of occupancy. All ground cover shall have a mature height of not more than 24 inches. Loose rock, gravel, decorative rock or stone, or mulch shall not exceed 20 percent of the planting area;
h. Space devoted to required parking lot planting areas shall be in addition to any required front, side, and rear yard buffer requirements;
i. Stand-alone parking lots shall require three points of landscaping for each parking space and shall be exempt from other landscaping requirements.
6. Any construction within or expansion or reconstruction of existing parking facilities in excess of 500 square feet shall be required to come into compliance with the requirements of this chapter.
7. Parking areas limited to commercial loading and truck maneuvering are limited to provision of street trees along public rights-of-way, planted at intervals no greater than 30 feet on center.
8. Modifications to protect drainage features, easements, or facilities shall be allowed.
9. The requirements of this section shall not apply to parking garages or parking decks, or display areas for automotive and equipment sales and rentals.
H. Landscaping Required for Common Open Space.
1. Fifty percent of the required common open area shall contain irrigated plantings.
I. Screening of Loading Docks. Off-street loading spaces and apron space should be screened from view of the abutting streets for a minimum of 35 feet:
1. By a combination of permanent architectural and landscape elements such as walls, berms, trees and shrubs with a mature height of at least to the height of the top of the dock door but no greater than 12 feet above the truck dock apron; and
2. Shall, when viewed at a perpendicular angle from the street, screen the loading spaces completely, except for driveway opening(s).
J. Landscaping Requirements for Freestanding Signs.
1. New freestanding sign structures serving a new development shall provide a landscaping area as follows:
a. Structures on Slab. A landscape border of 18 inches or more measured from the edge of slab for monument signs.
b. Single Pole Structures. A landscape border not less than 32 square feet in area located 18 inches or more measured from the edge of footing if flush with natural grade, or 18 inches from the pole, provided the footing is covered with not less than 18 inches of soil.
c. Multiple Pole Structures. A landscape border not less than 60 square feet in area located 18 inches or more measured from the edge of footings. The landscape border may be placed adjacent to the poles provided footing is covered with not less than 18 inches of soil.
2. New freestanding sign structures located within 208 swales areas require no additional landscaping. Footings shall be installed in such a way that the biofiltration function of the swale is not diminished.
3. New freestanding sign structures located within existing developments where landscaping meets the requirements of subsection C of this section require no additional landscaping.
4. New sign structures on a fully developed site will require minimal xeriscaping pursuant to subsection K of this section.
5. Points for landscaping of sign structures may be used to meet the minimum requirements of this chapter.
K. Xeriscaping.
1. The number of required points may be reduced by up to 20 percent for use of recommended xeriscape planting materials combined with decorative hardscape. Xeriscape planting materials need fewer waterings than typical lawn grasses and can tolerate, resist, or avoid drought after they are established. They have attractive ornamental features and are relatively easy to grow. Xeriscape planting materials have not been invasive in local growing conditions.
2. Use drip or trickle irrigation.
3. Mulch with three to four inches of shredded or ground bark, well-rotted compost, wood shavings or chips at the time of installation.
L. Modification of Landscaping Requirement.
1. The director may approve alternative landscaping proposals where:
a. Only a portion of the parcel is being developed;
b. Landscaping would interfere with the adequate storage, conveyance, treatment or control of stormwater runoff or would interfere with the maintenance of stormwater facilities or natural drainage systems;
c. Applicant proposes xeriscaping in conformance with subsection K of this section;
d. Existing structures or improvements preclude installation of required landscaping and irrigation systems as prescribed herein.
2. Where applicant proposes to preserve existing healthy trees, a credit may be applied to points for required landscaping; provided, however, that not more than 25 percent of the total points may be located within the public right-of-way. Credit may be approved as follows:
|
Size of Preserved Deciduous Tree* |
Height of Existing Preserved Conifer |
Landscape Points Applied |
|---|---|---|
|
6-inch caliper |
16 – 18 ft. |
25 |
|
7-inch caliper |
19 – 21 ft. |
28 |
|
8-inch to 10-inch caliper |
22 – 28 ft. |
30 |
|
10.1-inch caliper to 15-inch DBH |
29 – 32 ft. |
35 |
|
15.1-inch to 20-inch caliper |
33 – 36 ft. |
40 |
|
20.1-inch to 25-inch caliper |
37 – 40 ft. |
46 |
|
Over 25-inch caliper |
> 41 ft. |
58 |
3. The decision of the director regarding modification of landscape requirements shall be final unless an aggrieved person appeals that decision to the hearing examiner.
M. Installation, Maintenance, and Enforcement.
1. Prior to the issuance of a certificate of occupancy, a registered landscape architect will certify that the irrigation systems and landscaping have been installed in accordance with approved plans and specifications.
2. The director may authorize a delay where planting season conflicts would produce high probability of plant loss. In the event the director authorizes a delay, a limited access agreement, not to exceed six months, may be issued to complete the installation of required landscaping.
Maintenance of landscaping shall be the responsibility of the property owner. All landscaping required by this chapter shall be permanently maintained in a healthy growing condition.
Trees that become diseased, severely damaged or die shall be removed by the owner. All trees removed under this section shall be replaced in accordance with the approved landscaping plan for the property. Lack of maintenance shall constitute a violation of this code.
a. Tree guards are to be used around the base of each tree in lawn areas.
b. Trees are to be planted a minimum of four feet from any curb stop whenever possible.
c. Landscaping must be maintained to allow fire protection equipment to be seen from approach.
d. All landscaping must provide for a three-foot clear area around all fire protection equipment.
Figure 22.70-11 Example of Suggested Shrub Planting
Figure 22.70-12 Example of Suggested Deciduous Tree Planting
Figure 22.70-13 Example of Suggested Deciduous Tree Planting
Figure 22.70-14 Example of Suggested Conifer Tree Planting
N. Landscaping Plan Requirements. The landscaping plan shall be prepared and sealed by a registered landscape architect and include the size and type of landscaping materials, the dimensions of the tract, and a point calculation showing compliance with this provision.
O. Recommended Planting Species. Refer to Appendix 22-A.
|
Recommended Planting Species – |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
|
Scientific Name |
Common Name |
Mature Height (ft) |
Shape and Characteristics |
|
LARGE TREES |
|||
|
Robina pseudoacacia ‘Frisia’ |
Frisia Locust |
40' |
Oval with upright arching branches |
|
Acer rubrum ‘October Glory’ |
October Glory Maple |
40' |
Broadly oval to round |
|
Pyrus calleryana ‘Redspire’ |
Redspire Pear |
35' |
Pyramidal, dense and symmetrical |
|
Pyrus calleryana ‘Trinity’ |
Trinity Pear |
30' |
Broadly oval to round |
|
Pyrus calleryana ‘Autumn Blaze’ |
Autumn Blaze Pear |
30' |
Rounded |
|
Acer pseudoplatanus |
Sycamore Maple |
40' |
Upright spreading branches. Rounded crown |
|
Acer rubrum |
Red Maple |
40' |
Broadly oval to round |
|
Pseudotsuga menziesii |
Douglas Fir |
80' – 150' |
Narrow leaves, dark blue-green conifer above |
|
Quercus coccinea |
Scarlet Oak |
55' – 65' |
Outward branching, rounded with age. Good fall color |
|
Tilia condata ‘Greenspire’ |
Greenspire |
60' |
Little leaf linden, symmetrical |
|
Gleditsia tricanthos inermis moraine |
Thornless Honey Locust |
60' |
Allows filtered sunlight, long live adaptable tree. |
|
Carpinus betulus ‘Fastigiata’ |
Pyramidal European Hornbeam |
35' |
Dense, compact, narrow when young, becoming oval. Columnar shape. |
|
Acer rubrum ‘Armstrong’ |
Armstrong Maple |
45' |
Narrow, columnar habit. |
|
Pyrus calleryana ‘Chanticleer’ |
Chanticleer Pear |
40' |
Upright, narrowly pyramidal |
|
Street Trees for Under Utility Lines |
|||
|
Acer buergeranum |
Trident Maple |
20' |
Low spreading growth; multiple stems; oval; round; can be trained. |
|
Acer griseum |
Paperbark Maple |
20' |
Multiple trunks which branch close to the ground; oval; upright; vase shape. |
|
Acer saccharum ‘Barrett Cole’ |
Apollo Maple |
20' |
Narrow, columnar shape. |
|
Acer tataricum |
Tartarian Maple |
20' |
Large shrub to small tree; oval to rounded; often low branched. |
|
Amelanchier laevis ‘Snowcloud’ |
Snow Cloud Serviceberry |
20' |
Small tree with multiple stems upright and tightly branched forming dense shrub; vase shape. |
|
Cornus kousa |
Kousa Dogwood |
20' |
Branches grow upright and mature into horizontal layers; fruit bearing; round. |
|
Crataegus crus-galli ‘Inermis’ |
Thornless Cockspur Hawthorn |
20' |
Tight branching habit; dense, broadly rounded crown; becoming spreading and horizontal with age. |
|
Crataegus laevigata ‘Crimson Cloud’ |
Crimson Cloud Hawthorn |
20' |
Grows rapidly in pyramid form; branching is droopy; oval shaped. |
|
Crataegus x mordenensis ‘Snowbird’ |
Hawthorn Snowbird |
20' |
Low headed, upright, oval. |
|
Crataegus phaenopyrum |
Washington Hawthorn |
20' |
Branches droop; typically one trunk; crown is pyramidal. |
|
Fraxinus pennsylvanica ‘Johnson’ |
Leprechaun Ash |
20' |
Dwarf form; compact oval head to become rounded with maturity. |
|
Maackia amurensis |
Amur Maackia |
20' |
Numerous small-diameter trunks originating from lower trunk; symmetrical canopy round; vase shape. |
|
Malus x zumi ‘Calocarpa’ |
Crabapple – |
20' |
Dense, pyramidal form with weeping branch tips. |
|
Adams |
“Adams” – Round. |
||
|
Adirondack |
“Adirondack” – Columnar. |
||
|
Centurion |
“Centurion” – Upright vase. |
||
|
Indian Summer |
“Indian Summer” – Round. |
||
|
Prairiefire |
“Prairiefire” – Upright, spreading. |
||
|
Professor Sprenger |
“Professor Sprenger” – Upright, spreading. |
||
|
Purple Prince |
“Purple Prince” – Upright, spreading. |
||
|
Sentinel |
“Sentinel” – Upright, vase shaped. |
||
|
Prunus ‘Accolade’ |
Accolade Cherry |
20' |
Flat-topped small tree. |
|
Prunus cerasifera ‘Krauter Vesuvis’ |
Krauter Vesuvius Plum |
20' |
Upright, rounded. |
|
Prunus ‘Frankthrees’ |
Mt. St. Helens Plum |
20' |
Dense crown. |
|
Prunus maachi |
Amur Chokecherry |
20' |
Upright with slightly hairy branchlets; oval becoming rounded with age. |
|
Prunus ‘Newport’ |
Newport Plum |
20' |
Dense; round; vase shaped. |
|
Prunus serrulata ‘Kwanzan’ |
Japanese Flowering Cherry, Kwanzan |
20' |
Upright vase to round to horizontal. |
|
Prunus serrulata ‘Royal Burgandy’ |
Japanese Flowering Cherry, Royal Burgundy |
20' |
Rounded to horizontal. |
|
Prunus ‘Snow Goose’ |
Snow Goose Cherry |
20' |
Upright in youth becoming much wider with age; well-spaced branches. |
|
Sorbis Americana ‘Dwarfcrown’ |
Red Cascade Mountain Ash |
20' |
Compact, oval tree, great for small spaces. |
|
Tilia cordata ‘Halka’ |
Summer Sprite Linden |
20' |
Small mature size; densely pyramidal shape. |
|
Zelkova ‘Schmidtlow’ |
Wireless Zelkova |
20' |
Broadly spreading vase; flattened top at maturity. |
|
SMALL TREES AND LARGE SHRUBS |
|||
|
Cercidiphyllum japonicum |
Katsura Tree |
20' |
Upright and pyramidal when young, often becoming round in age |
|
Prunus serrulata ‘Kwanzan’ |
Kwanzan Cherry |
20' |
Stiffly vase shaped |
|
Prunus serrulata ‘Mt. Fuji’ |
Mt. Fuji Cherry |
15' |
Spreading |
|
Prunus x cistena |
Cistena Plum |
8' |
Rounded shrub |
|
Prunus ‘Frankthrees’ |
Mt. St. Helens Plum |
20' |
Upright spreading, rounded |
|
Prunus cerasifera ‘Thundercloud’ |
Thundercloud Plum |
20' |
Upright spreading, dense, rounded |
|
Prunus x yedoensis |
Yoshino Cherry |
30' |
Upright spreading branches, rounded crown |
|
Acer circinatum |
Vine Maple |
10' – 20' |
Multi-stemmed, upright spreading, fine-textured branches |
|
Cercis canadensis |
Eastern Redbud |
25' |
Multi-stemmed or low branching tree, ascending then spreading branches, somewhat flat-topped |
|
Acer ginnala |
Amur Maple |
15' – 18' |
Multi-stemmed, good fall color |
|
Viburnum opulus |
European Cranberry Bush |
8' – 12' |
Spring flower, fall color, red berry |
|
MEDIUM TO LARGE SHRUBS |
|||
|
Cornus alba ‘Bailhalo’ |
Tatarian Dogwood |
5' – 10' |
Variegated leaf, red twig, winter interest |
|
Cornus sericea |
Redosier Dogwood |
4' – 8' |
Red twig, winter interest |
|
Cornus sericea ‘Flaviramea’ |
Yellowtwig Dogwood |
8' |
Yellow twig, winter interest |
|
Holodiscus discolor |
Ocean Spray |
8' |
Native, white flower plumes in early summer |
|
Cotoneaster dammeri ‘Coral Beauty’ |
Coral Beauty Cotoneaster |
5' |
Grown on a standard |
|
Forsythia x intermedia ‘Arnold Giant’ |
Forsythia |
15' |
Nodding, rich yellow flowers |
|
Amelanchier |
Serviceberry |
8' – 20' |
Woolly new leaves, spring flowers in upright sprays, native |
|
Physocarpus |
Golden Ninebark |
6' – 8' |
Leaves usually three-lobed, light green |
|
Salix purpurea |
Purpleosier Willow |
5' – 10' |
Purple twig, silvery underleaf |
|
Viburnum dentatum |
Arrowwood Viburnum |
4' – 6' |
Good fall color |
|
Viburnum edule |
Squashberry/Highbush |
4' – 8' |
Native, white flower, red fall color |
|
Viburnum lantana ‘Mohican’ |
Hobblebush |
8' |
Dark green foliage, white flower, red to black berry |
|
Viburnum trilobum |
American Cranberry Bush |
8' – 12' |
White spring flower, red fall color, red berry |
|
Spirea thunbergii |
Thungberg Spirea |
5' |
Thin hairy stem, toothed margins |
|
Eunonymus alatus ‘compactus’ |
Compact Burning Bush |
3' – 6' |
Strong horizontal structure, autumn color |
|
SMALL SHRUBS |
|||
|
Berberis thunbergii atropurpruea ‘Crimson Pygmy’ |
Crimson Pigmy Barberry |
2' – 3' |
Rounded, purple leaves |
|
Potentilla fruticosa |
Shrubby Cinquefoil |
2' – 3' |
Many natives and cultivars with different colored flowers |
|
Spirea x bumalda ‘Anthony Water’ |
Anthony Water Spirea |
2' – 4' |
Broad, rounded |
|
Spirea x bumalda ‘Gold Flame’ |
Gold Flame Spirea |
2' – 4’ |
Mounded |
|
GRASSES, SEDGES, AND RUSHES |
|||
|
Andropogan gerardii |
Big Bluestem |
6' |
Gray-blue leaf, very deep roots, attractive flowers |
|
Festuca glauca |
Blue Fescue |
1' |
Densely tufted evergreen grass |
|
Imperata |
Japanese Blood Grass |
2' |
Leaves tinted wine red |
|
Miscanthus sinensis |
Tall Variegated Grass |
15' |
Tall clump-forming grass |
|
Phalaris arundinacea |
Ribbon Grass |
4' – 5' |
Soft arching leaves |
|
Calamagrostis x acutiflora |
Feather Reed Grass |
5' – 7' |
Clump-forming grass |
|
GROUNDCOVERS |
|||
|
Alchemilla mollis |
Lady’s Mantle |
2' |
Chartreuse flower, deer resistant |
|
Galium odoratum |
Sweet Woodruff |
1' |
Fragrant leaf, small white flower |
|
Maianthemum dilatatum |
False Lily of the Valley |
1' |
Native, white flower, red berry |
|
Myosotis scorpioides |
True Forget-Me-Not |
1' |
Small blue or white flower |
|
Pachysandra terminalis |
Japanese Spurge |
1' |
Shiny leaf |
|
Potentilla plattensis |
Platte River Cinquefoil |
1' |
Native groundcover, yellow flower |
|
Ajuga |
Bugle |
4"-8" |
Low spreading |
|
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi |
Kinnikinnick |
4" |
White flowers flushed pink |
|
Vinca minor |
Periwinkle |
8" |
Tight mat-forming evergreen with dark green leaves |
|
PERENNIALS |
|||
|
Aster novae-angliae |
New England Aster |
2' – 5' |
Many varieties available, late summer bloom |
|
Aster novi-belgii |
Michaelmas Daisy |
2' – 4' |
Many varieties available, late summer bloom |
|
Dodecatheon pulchellum |
Darkthroat Shootingstar |
2' |
Native, pink flower in spring |
|
Echinacea purpurea |
Coneflower |
3' |
Long blooming period in late summer/fall |
|
Eupatorium purpureum |
Joe Pye Weed |
7' |
Striking size and form, purplish flower attracts butterflies |
|
Hemerocallis species |
Daylily |
2' |
Long bloom in spring and summer |
|
Iliamna rivularis |
Streambank Wild Hollyhock |
6' |
Native, fragrant pink flowers |
|
Chrysanthemum |
Shasta Daisy |
1' – 5' |
Variety of colors |
|
XERISCAPE TREES |
|||
|
Abies concolor |
White fir |
||
|
Abies lasiocarpa |
Subalpine fir |
||
|
Acer glabrum |
Rocky Mountain maple |
||
|
Acer grandidentatum |
Canyon maple |
||
|
Acer tataricum |
Tatarian maple |
||
|
Amelanchier x grandiflora |
Apple serviceberry |
||
|
Betula occidentalis |
Water birch |
||
|
Calocedrus decurrens |
California incense cedar |
||
|
Celtis reticulata |
Netleaf hackberry |
||
|
Cladrastis kentukea |
Yellowwood |
||
|
Cotinus coggygria |
Smoke tree |
||
|
Crataegus spp. |
Hawthorn |
||
|
X Cupressocyparis leylandii |
Leyland cypress |
||
|
Fraxinus pennsylvanica |
Green ash |
||
|
Ginkgo biloba |
Ginkgo |
||
|
Gleditsia triacanthos |
Thornless honeylocust |
||
|
Gymnocladus dioica |
Kentucky coffee tree |
||
|
Juniperus scopulorum |
Rocky Mountain juniper |
||
|
Koelreuteria paniculata |
Goldenrain tree |
||
|
Maackia amurensis |
Amur maackia |
||
|
Ostrya virginiana |
Ironwood |
||
|
Phellodendron sp. |
Cork tree |
||
|
Picea pungens |
Colorado spruce |
||
|
Pinus aristata |
Bristlecone pine |
||
|
Pinus cembra |
Swiss stone pine |
||
|
Pinus flexilis |
Limber pine |
||
|
Pinus leucodermis |
Bosnian pine |
||
|
Pinus nigra |
Austrian pine |
||
|
Pinus ponderosa |
Western yellow pine |
||
|
Ptelea trifoliata |
Hoptree |
||
|
Rhus typhina |
Staghorn sumac |
||
|
Sorbus aucuparia |
European mountain ash |
||
|
Styphnolobium japonicum (Sophora japonica) |
Japanese pagoda tree |
||
|
Tilia tomentosa |
Silver linden |
||
|
Ulmus parvifolia |
Lacebark elm |
||
|
XERISCAPE SHRUBS |
|||
|
Amelanchier alnifolia |
Western serviceberry |
||
|
Artemisia spp. |
Sagebrush/Wormwood |
||
|
Berberis koreana |
Korean barberry |
||
|
Berberis thunbergii |
Japanese barberry |
||
|
Caragana arborescens |
Siberian peashrub |
||
|
Caryopteris x clandonensis |
Blue spirea |
||
|
Ceanothus velutinus |
Snowbrush ceanothus |
||
|
Cercocarpus montanus |
True mountain mahogany |
||
|
Chaenomeles spp. |
Flowering quince |
||
|
Chamaebatiaria millefolium |
Fernbush |
||
|
Cotoneaster apiculatus |
Cranberry cotoneaster |
||
|
Cotoneaster lucidus |
Hedge cotoneaster |
||
|
Daphne x burkwoodii |
Burkwood daphne |
||
|
Ericameria (Chrysothamnus) nauseosus |
Rabbitbrush |
||
|
Euonymus alatus |
Burning bush |
||
|
Holodiscus discolor |
Ocean spray |
||
|
Juniperus spp. |
Juniper |
||
|
Kerria japonica |
Japanese kerria |
||
|
Kolkwitzia amabilis |
Beauty bush |
||
|
Lonicera xylosteum |
Fly honeysuckle |
||
|
Ligustrum vulgare |
Common privet |
||
|
Mahonia aquifolium |
Oregon grapeholly |
||
|
Paxistima myritifolia |
Oregon boxwood |
||
|
Philadelphus lewisii |
Wild mockorange |
||
|
Photinia (Aronia) arbutifolia |
Red chokeberry |
||
|
Physocarpus capitatus |
Western ninebark |
||
|
Physocarpus malvaceus |
Mallow ninebark |
||
|
Picea abies ‘Nidiformis’ |
Bird’s nest spruce |
||
|
Potentilla fruticosa |
Bush cinquefoil |
||
|
Ribes aureum |
Golden currant |
||
|
Ribes sanguineum |
Winter currant |
||
|
Rosa nutkana |
Nootka rose |
||
|
Rosa rubrifolia |
Redleaf rose |
||
|
Rosa rugosa |
Rugosa rose |
||
|
Salix exigua |
Coyote willow |
||
|
Spiraea betulifolia |
Birchleaf spirea |
||
|
Spiraea x vanhouttei |
Vanhoutte spirea |
||
|
Symphoricarpos spp. |
Snowberry |
||
|
Syringa spp. |
Lilac |
||
|
Taxus spp. |
Yew |
||
|
Viburnum x burkwoodii |
Burkwood viburnum |
||
|
Viburnum x carlcephalum |
Fragrant viburnum |
||
|
Viburnum lantana |
Wayfaring tree |
||
|
Yucca spp. |
Yucca |
||
|
XERISCAPE VINES |
|||
|
Campsis radicans |
Trumpet vine |
||
|
Clematis columbiana |
Rock clematis |
||
|
Clematis tangutica |
Golden clematis |
||
|
Euonymus fortunei |
Wintercreeper euonymus |
||
|
Lonicera ciliosa |
Orange honeysuckle |
||
|
Parthenocissus quinquefolia |
Virginia creeper |
||
|
Parthenocissus tricuspidata |
Boston ivy |
||
|
Vitus vinifera |
Grape vine |
||
|
Wisteria spp. |
Wisteria |
||
|
XERISCAPE GROUNDCOVER |
|||
|
Achillea tomentosa |
Wooly yarrow |
||
|
Antennaria spp. |
Pussytoes |
||
|
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi |
Kinnikinnick |
||
|
Asarum caudatum |
Wild ginger |
||
|
Cerastium tomentosum |
Snow-in-summer |
||
|
Cotoneaster horizontalis |
Rockspray cotoneaster |
||
|
Dryas octopetala |
Mountain avens |
||
|
Epimedium spp. |
Bishop’s hat |
||
|
Eriogonum umbellatum |
Buckwheat |
||
|
Fragaria chiloensis |
Beach strawberry |
||
|
Gypsophila repens |
Creeping baby’s breath |
||
|
Hypericum calycinum |
St. John’s wort |
||
|
Juniperus horizontalis |
Creeping juniper |
||
|
Mahonia repens |
Creeping mahonia |
||
|
Microbiota decussata |
Russian arborvitae |
||
|
Potentilla tridentata |
Wineleaf cinquefoil |
||
|
Rhus trilobata |
Three leaf sumac |
||
|
Sedum spp. |
Stonecrop |
||
|
Stachys byzantina |
Lamb’s ears |
||
|
Symphytum grandiflorum |
Yellow comfrey |
||
|
Thymus spp. |
Thyme |
||
|
Veronica liwanensis |
Turkish speedwell |
||
|
Veronica pectinata |
Wooly veronica |
||
|
XERISCAPE PERENNIALS |
|||
|
Achillea spp. |
Yarrow |
||
|
Alchemilla mollis |
Lady’s mantle |
||
|
Aquilegia spp. |
Columbine |
||
|
Armeria maritima |
Sea pink |
||
|
Aster divaricatus |
White wood aster |
||
|
Aurinia saxatilis |
Basket-of-gold |
||
|
Bergenia spp. |
Bergenia |
||
|
Campanula spp. |
Bellflower |
||
|
Centranthus ruber |
Jupiter’s beard |
||
|
Coreopsis verticillata |
Threadleaf coreopsis |
||
|
Corydalis lutea |
Yellow corydalis |
||
|
Dianthus spp. |
Pink |
||
|
Echinacea purpurea |
Purple coneflower |
||
|
Eremurus stenophyllus |
Foxtail lily |
||
|
Euphorbia amygdaloides ‘Rubra’ |
Red wood spurge |
||
|
Euphorbia griffithii ‘Fireglow’ |
Spurge |
||
|
Gaillardia spp. |
Blanketflower |
||
|
Geranium spp. |
Hardy geranium |
||
|
Geum triflorum |
Prairie smoke |
||
|
Helianthemum nummularium |
Sunrose |
||
|
Helleborus orientalis |
Lenten rose |
||
|
Hemerocallis spp. |
Daylily |
||
|
Heuchera spp. |
Coralbells |
||
|
Hosta spp. |
Plantain lily |
||
|
Iberis sempervirens |
Evergreen candytuft |
||
|
Iris spp. |
Iris |
||
|
Knautia macedonica |
Crimson pincushion flower |
||
|
Lavandula angustifolia |
Lavender |
||
|
Liatris spp. |
Gayfeather |
||
|
Limonium latifolium |
Sea lavender |
||
|
Linum perenne |
Blue flax |
||
|
Paeonia spp. |
Peony |
||
|
Papaver orientale |
Oriental poppy |
||
|
Penstemon spp. |
Beardtongue |
||
|
Perovskia atriplicifolia |
Russian sage |
||
|
Pulsatilla vulgaris |
Pasque flower |
||
|
Rudbeckia spp. |
Gloriosa daisy |
||
|
Salvia spp. |
Sage |
||
|
Santolina chamaecyparissus |
Lavender cotton |
||
|
Sedum spp. |
Sedum |
||
|
Sempervivum spp. |
Hen and chicks |
||
|
Teucrium chamaedrys |
Germander |
||
|
XERISCAPE PERENNIAL GRASSES |
|||
|
Buchloe dactyloides |
Buffalograss |
||
|
Calamagrostis x acutiflora ‘Karl Foerster’ |
Feather reed grass |
||
|
Festuca ovina var. glauca |
Blue fescue |
||
|
Helictotrichon sempervirens |
Blue oat grass |
||
|
Luzula sylvatica |
Greater woodrush |
||
|
Miscanthus sinensis ‘Morning Light’ |
Maiden grass |
||
|
Panicum virgatum |
Switch grass |
||
|
Seslaria spp. |
Moor grass |
||
(Ord. 07-015 § 4, 2007).