Click the plus (+) or minus (-) symbols to expand or collapse the entries.
• 1.01.020 Title – Citation – Reference.
• 1.01.030 Codification authority.
• 1.01.040 Ordinances passed prior to adoption of the code.
• 1.01.050 Reference applies to all amendments.
• 1.01.060 Title, chapter and section headings.
• 1.01.070 Reference to specific ordinances.
+ Chapter 1.04 GENERAL PROVISIONS
• 1.04.030 Interpretation of language.
• 1.04.040 Grammatical interpretation.
• 1.04.060 Prohibited acts include causing and permitting.
+ Chapter 1.08 CLASSIFICATION OF CITY
+ Title 2 ADMINISTRATION AND PERSONNEL
+ Chapter 2.01 GENERAL ADMINISTRATION
+ Chapter 2.09 CITY ADMINISTRATOR
• 2.09.020 Scope of authority.
• 2.09.030 General powers and duties.
• 2.09.040 Creation of department heads.
• 2.09.050 Department heads – Authority.
• 2.09.060 Interference by Councilmembers.
+ Chapter 2.10 SUCCESSION IN GOVERNMENT
+ Chapter 2.12 CLERK-TREASURER
+ Chapter 2.14 POLICE DEPARTMENT
+ Chapter 2.16 MUNICIPAL JUDGE
• 2.16.041 Appointment, term – Municipal Court Judges Pro Tem.
• 2.16.042 Compensation – Municipal Court Judges Pro Tem.
• 2.16.044 Temporary Judge Pro Tem.
• 2.16.060 Compliance with rules for appeal required.
• 2.20.010 Members – Appointment.
• 2.20.030 Members – Removal, resignation and vacancies.
+ Chapter 2.24 BUILDING OFFICIAL
+ Chapter 2.28 CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION
+ Chapter 2.30 ARTS COMMISSION
• 2.30.020 Purpose and establishment.
• 2.30.030 Membership and terms.
• 2.30.050 Vacancies and removal.
• 2.30.060 Election of officers.
• 2.30.070 Compensation and conflict of interest.
• 2.30.090 Meetings and records.
+ Chapter 2.32 PROVISIONS APPLICABLE TO ALL BOARDS AND COMMISSIONS
+ Chapter 3.04 LOCAL IMPROVEMENT ASSESSMENT PROCEDURE
• 3.04.010 State statutes adopted.
• 3.04.040 Subrogation of rights to assessments.
• 3.04.070 Purchases of bonds, coupons and warrants.
• 3.04.080 Purchases of certificates or property.
• 3.04.090 Warrants against fund.
• 3.04.100 Assessment – Deferrals – Liens.
• 3.04.110 Assessment – Delinquency – Balance of payment due.
+ Chapter 3.08 SALES OR USE TAX
+ Chapter 3.12 SUPPLEMENTAL SALES OR USE TAX
• 3.12.030 Administration and collection.
• 3.12.040 Inspection of records.
+ Chapter 3.16 LEASEHOLD EXCISE TAX
• 3.16.020 Rate and allowable credits.
• 3.16.030 Administration and collection.
+ Chapter 3.18 EXCISE TAX ON REAL ESTATE SALES
• 3.18.010 Imposition of excise tax on real estate sales.
• 3.18.030 Consistency with state tax.
• 3.18.040 Distribution of tax proceeds and limiting the use thereof.
• 3.18.050 Seller’s obligation.
• 3.18.070 Notation of payment.
• 3.20.020 Applicability and imposition of tax.
• 3.20.030 Declaration of intent required.
• 3.20.040 Computation and payment – Exceptions.
• 3.20.060 Nonpayment – Penalty.
• 3.20.070 Failure to make return.
• 3.20.080 Taxes, penalties and fees constitute a debt to the City.
• 3.20.090 Records – Required.
• 3.20.100 Records – Inspection and audit.
• 3.20.110 Records not kept or maintained – Requirements.
• 3.20.120 Failure to produce records – Penalty fee or jeopardy assessment.
• 3.20.130 Rules and regulations.
• 3.20.140 Applicability to other license fees or taxes.
+ Chapter 3.25 SOLID WASTE OPERATION AND HANDLING
+ Chapter 3.26 UTILITY OCCUPATION TAX
• 3.26.010 Exercise of license revenue power.
• 3.26.030 Occupation license required.
• 3.26.040 Occupations subject to tax – Amount.
• 3.26.060 Exemptions and deductions – General.
• 3.26.065 Exemptions and deductions – Cellular telephone service.
• 3.26.070 Allocation of income – Cellular telephone service.
• 3.26.075 Authority of Administrator.
• 3.26.077 Remittance required bimonthly.
• 3.26.080 Collection and remittance authorization for public funds.
• 3.26.090 Remittance upon sale or transfer of business.
• 3.26.110 Applications and returns confidential.
• 3.26.120 City Treasurer to make rules.
• 3.26.130 Failure to make return or pay full tax.
• 3.26.140 Overpayment or underpayment of tax.
• 3.26.150 Delinquent payment – Penalty.
• 3.26.160 Taxes, penalties and fees constitute debt to municipality.
+ Chapter 3.27 BROKERED NATURAL GAS USE TAX
+ Chapter 3.28 SPECIAL EXCISE TAX ON LODGING
+ Chapter 3.32 PAYMENT OF CLAIMS
• 3.32.010 Authorized payment of claims not exceeding $2,500.
• 3.32.020 Conditions for payment of claims exceeding $2,500.
• 3.32.040 Internal control policies.
+ Chapter 3.36 INTEREST ON WARRANTS
• 3.36.010 Rate of interest – Call for payment.
• 3.36.020 Presentation for payment and endorsement required for interest.
– Chapter 3.40 PUBLIC HEARING NOTICE FEES
• 3.44.020 City Hall, Police Department petty cash revolving funds.
• 3.44.022 Police Department change fund.
• 3.44.025 Municipal Court petty cash revolving fund.
• 3.44.030 Advance travel expense revolving fund.
• 3.44.050 Municipal Court agency fund.
• 3.44.060 City employees medical trust fund.
• 3.44.070 Real estate excise capital improvement fund.
• 3.44.090 D.A.R.E. trust fund.
• 3.44.100 Law enforcement criminal justice fund.
+ Chapter 3.80 DISPOSAL OF SURPLUS PROPERTY
• 3.80.010 Sale of unneeded property owned by the City.
• 3.80.020 Sale of personal property valued at less than $5,000.
• 3.80.030 Sale of personal property valued at over $5,000 and all property owned by a public utility.
• 3.80.035 Sale or transfer of personal property to another government entity.
• 3.80.040 Bid deposit for the sale of personal property over $5,000 in value.
• 3.80.050 Bid opening in the sale of personal property.
• 3.80.060 Award or rejection of bids in the sale of personal property.
• 3.80.070 When bids are rejected or no bids received.
• 3.80.080 Disposal of personal property having no market value.
+ Title 5 BUSINESS TAXES, LICENSES AND REGULATIONS
+ Chapter 5.04 BUSINESS AND OCCUPATION LICENSES
• 5.04.030 License – Required.
• 5.04.040 License – Application and classification.
• 5.04.050 License – Application – Fees.
• 5.04.055 Penalty for late application.
• 5.04.060 License – Application – Approval or denial.
• 5.04.070 License – Nontransferable – Term.
• 5.04.080 Separate license for separate location or branch establishment.
• 5.04.100 License – Exceptions.
• 5.08.020 License – Required.
• 5.08.030 License – Eligibility.
• 5.08.040 License – Application, investigation, and issuance or denial.
• 5.08.060 License – Cancellation or revocation.
• 5.12.020 Intoxicated or disorderly persons prohibited.
• 5.12.030 Intoxicating liquor prohibited.
• 5.12.050 Right of access for police.
+ Chapter 5.14 ADULT BUSINESS LICENSES
• 5.14.030 Application of other provisions.
• 5.14.040 License required – Adult business.
• 5.14.050 License required – Managers, waitpersons and entertainers.
• 5.14.060 License – Posting and display.
• 5.14.070 License – Unlawful to advertise without license.
• 5.14.080 License – Fees and requirements.
• 5.14.100 License – Procedure for renewing.
• 5.14.110 Application for license – Adult business.
• 5.14.120 Application for licenses – Manager, waitperson or entertainer.
• 5.14.130 Applicant investigation – Adult business.
• 5.14.140 Applicant investigation – Managers, waitpersons and entertainers.
• 5.14.150 Application – Denial or approval – Notice.
• 5.14.160 Procedure for appealing a license denial.
• 5.14.170 Employee conduct – Standards and prohibitions.
• 5.14.180 Certain conduct prohibited.
• 5.14.190 Premises requirements.
• 5.14.200 Special premises requirements – Adult arcades.
• 5.14.210 Manager required on premises – Duties.
• 5.14.220 Hours of operation.
• 5.14.260 Suspension or revocation of license – Procedures – Appeal.
+ Chapter 6.01 GENERAL PROVISIONS
+ Chapter 6.02 ANIMAL CONTROL ORDINANCE
• 6.02.035 Number of dogs allowed in households.
• 6.02.040 Dogs – License required.
• 6.02.050 Dogs – Issuance of licenses and tags – Transferability – Attaching tag.
• 6.02.053 Number of cats allowed in households.
• 6.02.055 Cats – License required.
• 6.02.058 Cats – Issuance of licenses and tags – Transferability – Attaching tag (optional).
• 6.02.059 Microchipping of cats.
• 6.02.070 Proof of rabies inoculation.
• 6.02.080 Dog license exemptions.
• 6.02.085 Discretion and responsibility of Police Chief and Animal Control Officer.
• 6.02.090 Dogs and cats – Confiscation and impoundment – Redemption.
• 6.02.100 Euthanasia of animals.
• 6.02.120 Confinement and redemption of biting dogs.
• 6.02.130 Trespassing domestic animals and livestock prohibited – Requirement to remove fecal matter.
• 6.02.140 Noisy dogs or domestic animals prohibited.
• 6.02.150 Chasing and intimidating dogs prohibited.
• 6.02.160 Commission for officers enforcing.
• 6.02.170 Duties of Animal Control Officer.
• 6.02.180 Obstructing process of impoundment – Penalty.
• 6.02.190 Entering private property to take possession of a domestic animal.
• 6.02.202 Exemptions to leash requirement.
• 6.02.205 Possession of any exotic animal, livestock or fowl prohibited with exceptions.
• 6.02.210 Cruelty to animals.
• 6.02.225 Dangerous dogs – Restrictions – Violations.
• 6.02.240 Kennel permit required.
• 6.02.250 Commercial kennels and pet shops.
• 6.02.260 Special hobby kennel or hobby cattery license.
• 6.02.270 Grooming parlors – Conditions.
• 6.02.290 Notice of abatement – Penalties.
• 6.02.300 Notice of abatement – Petition.
+ Chapter 6.08 HORSE DRAWN CARRIAGES
• 6.08.020 Activities requiring license.
• 6.08.030 Vehicle license – Application.
• 6.08.060 Driver’s license application.
• 6.08.070 Driver’s license expiration.
• 6.08.080 Driver’s license transfers.
• 6.08.090 License and other related fees.
• 6.08.110 Possession of license.
+ Chapter 8.04 GARBAGE COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL
• 8.04.060 Garbage Supervisor.
• 8.04.070 Use of City system required.
• 8.04.080 Disposal exceptions from City system.
• 8.04.100 Collection records – Delinquent charges.
• 8.04.110 Nonpayment of charges.
• 8.04.120 Collection by City or agent.
• 8.04.130 Containers – Requirements.
• 8.04.140 Containers – Location.
• 8.04.150 Right to require segregation of components.
• 8.04.160 Burning and composting.
• 8.04.180 Restrictions on deposit of refuse in public or private containers.
• 8.08.020 Nuisance and disturbance noise.
• 8.08.040 Parking and repairing vehicles in residential areas.
• 8.08.050 Placing vehicles, boats and trailers on property for sale.
• 8.08.060 Abandoned, wrecked, dismantled or junk vehicles and automobile hulks or parts thereof.
• 8.08.070 Attractive nuisance.
• 8.08.080 Trees, plants, shrubs or vegetation.
• 8.08.090 Unhealthy or unsightly conditions.
• 8.08.100 Unlawful to permit or maintain nuisance.
• 8.08.110 Enforcement person.
– Chapter 8.12 TREES, PLANTS AND VEGETATION
• 8.13.030 Street tree species to be planted.
• 8.13.050 Distance from curb and sidewalk.
• 8.13.060 Distance from street corners and fireplugs.
• 8.13.100 Pruning, corner clearance.
• 8.13.110 Dead or diseased tree removal on private property.
• 8.13.130 Interference with City Forestry Committee.
• 8.13.140 Arborist’s license and bond.
• 8.16.010 RCW sections adopted by reference.
• 8.20.010 Written report – First false alarm.
• 8.20.020 Written report – Second false alarm.
• 8.20.030 Written report and fee – Third and subsequent false alarms.
+ Chapter 8.24 UNFIT, IMPROPERLY MAINTAINED OR SUBSTANDARD STRUCTURES OR PREMISES
+ Title 9 PUBLIC PEACE, MORALS AND WELFARE
+ Chapter 9.01 GENERAL PROVISIONS
• 9.01.000 Adoption by reference.
• 9.01.001 References to the Revised Code of Washington.
• 9.01.002 Washington Administrative Code.
• 9.01.005 Adoption by reference.
• 9.01.010 Purposes – Principles of construction.
• 9.01.020 Criminal jurisdiction.
• 9.01.030 Common law to supplement title.
• 9.01.050 Title – Effective date – Application – Severability.
+ Chapter 9.02 OFFENSES AGAINST THE PERSON
• 9.02.000 Adoption by reference.
• 9.02.030 Reckless endangerment.
• 9.02.040 Violation of restraining order.
• 9.02.050 Adoption by reference – Domestic violence – Violation and orders.
+ Chapter 9.03 OFFENSES AGAINST PUBLIC MORALS
• 9.03.000 Adoption by reference.
• 9.03.010 Display of sexually explicit materials.
• 9.03.020 Possession of marijuana.
+ Chapter 9.04 OFFENSES AGAINST THE PUBLIC ORDER
• 9.04.000 Adoption by reference.
• 9.04.010 Disorderly conduct.
• 9.04.020 Failure to disperse.
• 9.04.040 Telephone harassment.
+ Chapter 9.05 OFFENSES AGAINST PROPERTY
• 9.05.000 Adoption by reference.
• 9.05.010 Defrauding an innkeeper.
• 9.05.015 Adoption by reference – Fraud and deceit.
• 9.05.020 Interfering with street signs.
• 9.05.040 Malicious mischief.
• 9.05.050 Peddling or soliciting without a license.
• 9.05.060 Possession of stolen property.
• 9.05.100 Theft of property lost, mislaid or delivered by mistake.
• 9.05.120 Unlawful interference with gas, electricity or water.
+ Chapter 9.06 OFFENSES AGAINST AND BY MINORS
• 9.06.000 Adoption by reference.
• 9.06.010 Furnishing liquor to minors – Possession – Use.
• 9.06.020 Minors in taverns or cocktail lounges.
• 9.06.030 Minor purchasing or attempting to purchase liquor.
+ Chapter 9.07 OFFENSES AGAINST GOVERNMENTAL ORDER
• 9.07.000 Adoption by reference.
• 9.07.001 Adoption by reference – Personal protection spray devices – Weapons.
• 9.07.002 Adoption by reference – Gambling.
• 9.07.050 Obstructing a public servant.
• 9.07.060 Refusal to aid a peace officer.
• 9.07.070 Refusal to sign citation.
• 9.07.080 Rendering criminal assistance.
• 9.07.100 Violation of probation – Arrest.
• 9.07.110 Weapons – Carrying concealed pistol.
• 9.07.120 Weapons – Carrying or displaying dangerous weapon.
• 9.07.130 Weapons – Carrying loaded pistol in vehicle.
+ Title 10 VEHICLES AND TRAFFIC
+ Chapter 10.04 WASHINGTON MODEL TRAFFIC ORDINANCE
• 10.04.010 Adopted by reference.
• 10.04.020 Sections not adopted.
+ Chapter 10.05 MOTORIZED FOOT SCOOTERS
+ Chapter 10.06 SKATEBOARDS, GO-CARTS AND OTHER LOCOMOTIVE DEVICES
• 10.06.020 Operation of go-carts prohibited.
• 10.06.030 Operation of skateboards or other locomotive devices.
+ Chapter 10.07 COMPRESSION BRAKES
+ Chapter 10.08 PARKING AND TURNING MOVEMENTS
• 10.08.040 Authority of Public Works Director.
• 10.08.050 Time limited parking.
• 10.08.070 Prohibited parking.
• 10.08.080 Method of parking.
• 10.08.085 Storage of vehicles or other equipment on public property.
• 10.08.090 Prohibited turns within restricted parking areas.
• 10.08.100 Prohibited turns across opposing traffic lanes.
• 10.08.110 Impoundment of vehicles.
• 10.08.120 Notice – Placement on illegally parked vehicle.
• 10.08.130 Notice – Noncompliance – Letter to owner.
• 10.08.140 Notice – Refusal to answer.
+ Chapter 10.12 ARTERIALS AND ACCESS STREETS
+ Chapter 10.16 PEDESTRIAN CROSSWALKS
– Chapter 10.20 ABANDONED VEHICLES
+ Chapter 10.24 VEHICLE LOAD RESTRICTIONS
• 10.24.010 Severe emergency load restrictions.
• 10.24.020 Emergency load restrictions.
+ Title 12 STREETS, SIDEWALKS AND PUBLIC PLACES
+ Chapter 12.08 OFFICIAL STREET NAME MAP
+ Chapter 12.12 CONSTRUCTION AND INSTALLATION STANDARDS
• 12.12.010 Highways, streets and roads.
• 12.12.020 Utility service cuts in street rights-of way.
+ Chapter 12.14 STREET FRONTAGE IMPROVEMENT REQUIREMENTS
• 12.14.020 General requirements.
• 12.14.030 Integration with SEPA.
• 12.14.060 Required street improvements – Deferral.
• 12.14.070 Associated traffic mitigation payments.
• 12.14.080 Development phasing.
• 12.14.090 Adequacy of traffic conditions.
+ Chapter 12.16 SIDEWALK MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR
• 12.16.020 Notification to City of need.
• 12.16.030 Investigation and report of Public Works Director.
• 12.16.040 City Council determination.
• 12.16.050 City Council enforcement.
• 12.16.060 Maintenance of sidewalks.
• 12.16.070 Removal of snow and ice.
• 12.20.020 Permit – Required.
• 12.20.030 Permit – Application.
• 12.20.050 Permit fees – Exceptions.
• 12.20.060 Permit – Requirements.
• 12.20.070 Service driveways – Size and location.
• 12.20.080 Service driveways – Construction.
• 12.20.090 Service driveways – Refusal of application.
• 12.20.100 Backfilling and restoration.
• 12.20.110 Deposit for cost of backfilling.
• 12.20.120 Street restoration fund.
+ Chapter 12.24 TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH WIRES
• 12.26.010 Regulations related to dogs in park areas.
• 12.26.040 Firearms, campfires, fireworks and camping.
• 12.26.050 Alcoholic beverages.
• 12.26.060 Disorderly conduct.
• 12.26.070 Destruction or removal of park property.
• 12.26.090 Skateboarding and bicycles within City parks.
• 12.26.100 Golfing, driving, putting and/or chipping of golf balls.
+ Chapter 13.04 WATER SYSTEM SERVICE REGULATIONS
• 13.04.020 Application for water connection.
• 13.04.025 Conditions present for water connections.
• 13.04.030 Permit required for connections.
• 13.04.040 Application for water for building purposes, continuation of services.
• 13.04.050 Notification of ownership.
• 13.04.060 Responsibility of owner for monthly billing.
• 13.04.070 Rates – Designated.
• 13.04.085 Rates and policy for bulk water and use of fire hydrant meters.
• 13.04.090 Low-income senior and disabled citizen rates.
• 13.04.100 Rates – Payment – Notice – Hearing – Disconnection.
• 13.04.110 Delinquent charges.
• 13.04.120 Rate adjustments for leakage.
• 13.04.130 Meter regulations.
• 13.04.132 Meter testing – Replacement.
• 13.04.134 Pressure-reducing valves.
• 13.04.140 Separate stop cock required.
• 13.04.150 Separate service requirements.
• 13.04.160 Maintenance of service pipes.
• 13.04.162 Backflow prevention devices.
• 13.04.164 Cross-connection elimination.
• 13.04.170 Defective fixtures.
• 13.04.180 After-hours service calls.
• 13.04.190 Notice of temporary discontinuance of service.
• 13.04.200 Necessary water shut-off without notice.
• 13.04.210 Water shortage restrictions.
• 13.04.220 Restrictions on water use during fires.
• 13.04.235 Use of water from unmetered source – Permit.
• 13.04.240 Amendments or changes.
+ Chapter 13.06 CROSS-CONNECTION CONTROL REGULATIONS
+ Chapter 13.08 WATER CONNECTION FEES
+ Chapter 13.12 WATER SERVICE EXTENSIONS
• 13.12.010 Application and agreement.
• 13.12.020 Location and description.
• 13.12.090 Grading and elevation of roads.
• 13.12.100 Connection requirements.
• 13.12.110 Final acceptance – Conditions.
+ Chapter 13.16 WATER SYSTEM EXTENSION DESIGN STANDARDS
+ Chapter 13.20 SEWER CONNECTIONS
• 13.20.020 Permit and inspection fee.
• 13.20.040 Method of payment.
• 13.20.050 Additional connection fee in lieu of LID or ULID participation.
• 13.20.060 Residential equivalency.
• 13.20.080 Application for sewer for building purposes, continuation of services.
+ Chapter 13.24 SEWER SERVICE CHARGES
• 13.24.025 Sewer rates – Payment – Notice – Hearing – Disconnection.
• 13.24.030 Amount of water – Determination by meter.
• 13.24.040 Amount of water – Deductions.
• 13.24.050 Charges during irrigation season.
• 13.24.060 Conditions for exemption for swimming pool.
• 13.24.070 Fee to mitigate impact of certain divisions or developments on storm sewer system.
+ Chapter 13.28 SEWER SERVICE EXTENSIONS
• 13.28.010 Application and agreement.
• 13.28.020 Location and description.
• 13.28.050 Preliminary engineering.
• 13.28.070 Performance and maintenance bond.
• 13.28.100 Grading and elevation of roads.
• 13.28.110 Connection requirements.
• 13.28.120 Final acceptance – Conditions.
+ Chapter 13.32 SEWER SYSTEM EXTENSION DESIGN STANDARDS
+ Chapter 13.35 WATER QUALITY – ILLICIT DISCHARGE
• 13.35.020 Discharges into City of Ferndale waters.
• 13.35.030 Stormwater pollution prevention manual.
+ Chapter 13.36 WATER AND SEWER SERVICE EXTENSIONS OUTSIDE OF CITY LIMITS
• 13.36.020 Applicable policies – Sewer service.
• 13.36.030 Applicable policies – Water service.
• 13.36.040 Additional policies – Both sewer and water service.
• 13.38.010 Purpose and planning context.
• 13.38.030 Annexation – General considerations.
• 13.38.040 Unincorporated islands.
• 13.38.050 Municipal boundaries.
• 13.38.070 Extension of services.
• 13.38.080 Annexation of developed properties.
• 13.38.090 Annexation of resource lands.
• 13.38.100 Information required.
• 13.38.110 Methods of proposing annexation.
+ Chapter 13.40 STORM DRAINAGE
• 13.40.030 Billing mechanism.
• 13.40.040 Notification of utility ownership.
• 13.40.050 Responsibility of owner for billing.
• 13.40.060 Rates – Customer classifications.
• 13.40.070 Rates – Methodology – ERU.
• 13.40.080 Rates – Fee calculation.
• 13.40.085 Fee calculation for Class 3 and Class 4 customers.
• 13.40.090 Delinquent charges.
• 13.40.100 Nonpayment and disconnection.
• 13.40.110 Applicability of fees.
+ Title 14 DEVELOPMENT REVIEW AND APPLICATION PROCEDURES
• 14.03.010 Administrative decision.
• 14.03.020 Administrative interpretation.
• 14.03.030 Complete application.
• 14.03.040 Consolidated discretionary permits.
• 14.03.050 Development regulations.
• 14.03.060 Development standards.
• 14.03.070 Ex parte communications.
• 14.03.090 Legislative matters.
+ Chapter 14.05 ADMINISTRATION
• 14.05.010 Roles and responsibilities.
• 14.05.020 Planning and Building Director.
• 14.05.025 Public Works Director.
• 14.05.030 Hearings Examiner.
• 14.07.010 Consolidated application review.
• 14.07.030 Concurrent environmental review.
• 14.07.040 Preapplication informal review.
• 14.07.050 Content of applications.
• 14.07.060 Submittal of applications.
• 14.07.070 Determination of complete application.
• 14.07.080 Post-application formal review.
+ Chapter 14.09 REVIEW AND APPROVAL PROCESSES
• 14.09.020 Review and approval processes.
• 14.09.030 Process 1 – Administrative decision.
• 14.09.040 Process 2 – Decision by Hearings Examiner.
• 14.09.050 Process 3A – Decision by City Council with Hearings Examiner recommendation.
• 14.09.060 Process 3B – Decision by City Council without Hearings Examiner recommendation.
• 14.09.070 Process 4 – Decision by City Council with Planning Commission recommendation.
+ Chapter 14.11 DECISIONS AND APPEALS
• 14.11.020 Hearings Examiner actions.
• 14.11.030 Planning Commission actions.
• 14.11.040 City Council actions.
• 14.11.050 Required findings.
• 14.11.070 Administrative appeals.
+ Title 15 BUILDINGS AND CONSTRUCTION
+ Chapter 15.04 INTERNATIONAL AND UNIFORM CODES ADOPTED BY REFERENCE
• 15.04.010 International Building Code.
• 15.04.020 International Residential Code.
• 15.04.030 International Mechanical Code.
• 15.04.040 International Fire Code.
• 15.04.050 Uniform Plumbing Code.
• 15.04.060 Uniform Swimming Pool, Spa, and Hot Tub Code.
• 15.04.070 International Existing Building Code.
• 15.04.080 Uniform Code for the Abatement of Dangerous Buildings.
• 15.04.090 Washington State Energy Code.
• 15.04.100 Washington State Ventilation and Indoor Air Quality Code.
• 15.04.110 International Fuel Gas Code.
• 15.04.120 National Fuel Gas Code.
• 15.04.130 Liquefied Petroleum Gas Code.
• 15.04.132 Basis of hourly charges.
• 15.04.134 Adjustment of fee tables.
• 15.10.050 Calculation of fees.
• 15.10.060 Deposits for hourly fees or consultant fees.
• 15.10.070 Processing of applications.
+ Chapter 15.12 BUILDING VALUATION SCHEDULE AND PLAN CHECKING FEES
+ Chapter 15.14 SITE PLAN REVIEW
+ Chapter 15.16 FIRE INSPECTIONS
+ Chapter 15.20 TRAILERS AND TRAILER CAMPS
• 15.20.030 Occupied trailers.
• 15.20.040 Unoccupied house trailers.
• 15.20.050 Trailer camp licensing.
• 15.20.060 Nonconforming camps.
• 15.20.070 Removal of wheels.
• 15.20.080 Construction permits.
+ Chapter 15.24 FLOODPLAIN MANAGEMENT
• 15.24.010 Statutory authorization.
• 15.24.070 Abrogation and greater restrictions.
• 15.24.080 Warning and disclaimer of liability.
• 15.24.100 Report and maps adopted by reference.
• 15.24.110 Methods of reducing flood losses.
• 15.24.120 Development permit.
• 15.24.130 General standards.
• 15.24.150 Construction materials and methods.
• 15.24.170 Subdivision proposals.
• 15.24.175 Critical facilities.
• 15.24.180 Review of building permits.
• 15.24.190 Specific standards.
• 15.24.200 Residential construction.
• 15.24.210 Nonresidential construction.
• 15.24.220 Manufactured homes.
• 15.24.222 Recreational vehicle parks.
• 15.24.225 Flood protection elevation.
• 15.24.235 Special flood hazard areas with designated floodways.
• 15.24.238 Standards for shallow flooding areas (AO zones).
• 15.24.240 Floodplain Administrator – Designated.
• 15.24.250 Floodplain Administrator – Duties.
• 15.24.260 Hearings Examiner.
• 15.24.275 Wetlands management.
+ Chapter 15.36 DEVELOPMENT STANDARDS ADOPTED BY REFERENCE
+ Chapter 15.40 INTERIM TRANSPORTATION CONCURRENCY MANAGEMENT
• 15.40.040 Exempt development.
• 15.40.050 Level of service standards.
• 15.40.060 Concurrency evaluation.
• 15.40.070 Concurrency determination.
• 15.40.080 Certificates of transportation capacity.
+ Chapter 15.44 TRANSPORTATION IMPACT MITIGATION POLICY
• 15.44.010 Transportation impact mitigation policy.
• 15.44.030 Site development mitigation requirements.
• 15.44.040 Normal off-site transportation impact – Measurement and mitigation.
• 15.44.050 Special transportation impact identification and mitigation.
• 15.44.060 VMT impact reductions for demand management measures by developers.
• 15.44.070 Measurement standards.
• 15.44.080 Determination of VMT value for road improvements.
• 15.44.090 Determination of VMT fees.
• 15.44.100 Administrative determination of mitigation requirements.
• 15.44.110 Mitigation assessment.
• 15.44.120 Additional or alternative mitigation requirements.
• 15.44.130 Simplified option for small developments.
• 15.44.150 Transportation Element.
• 15.44.160 Administration of cash payments to City.
• 15.44.170 Transportation impact evaluation fee.
• 15.44.180 Credits in excess of mitigation requirements.
• Appendix 1 VMT Impact Schedule for Residential, Retail and Nonretail Land Uses.
+ Chapter 15.50 SCHOOL IMPACT FEES
• 15.50.010 Purpose and applicability.
• 15.50.040 School district eligibility.
• 15.50.050 School impact fee.
+ Chapter 15.60 PARK, TRAIL AND OPEN SPACE IMPACT MITIGATION ASSESSMENTS
• 15.60.030 Basis for dedication or assessment.
• 15.60.040 Dedication suitability.
• 15.60.050 Dedication standards.
• 15.60.060 Alternative to public dedication.
• 15.60.070 Mitigation assessments.
• 15.60.080 Mitigation assessment formulas.
• 15.60.090 Administration of cash payments to City.
+ Chapter 16.04 ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
• 16.04.020 Purpose and adoption by reference.
• 16.04.030 Additional definitions.
• 16.04.040 Designation of responsible official.
• 16.04.050 Lead agency determination and responsibilities.
• 16.04.060 Transfer of lead agency status to a state agency.
• 16.04.070 Additional considerations in time limits applicable to the SEPA process.
• 16.04.080 Additional timing considerations.
• 16.04.090 Purpose and adoption by reference.
• 16.04.100 Use of exemptions.
• 16.04.110 Environmental checklist.
• 16.04.130 Purpose and adoption by reference.
• 16.04.140 Adoption by reference.
• 16.04.160 Purpose and adoption by reference.
• 16.04.170 Substantive authority.
• 16.04.180 Notice/statute of limitations.
• 16.04.190 Purpose and adoption by reference.
• 16.04.200 Adoption by reference.
• 16.04.205 Categorical exemption levels established.
+ Chapter 16.08 CRITICAL AREAS
• 16.08.010 Purpose and intent.
• 16.08.040 Relationship to other regulations.
• 16.08.050 Applicability and jurisdiction.
• 16.08.060 Critical area maps.
• 16.08.070 Authorizations required.
• 16.08.080 Administrative procedures.
• 16.08.090 Exemption from critical area review requirements.
• 16.08.100 Waiver for subsequent approvals.
• 16.08.150 Offense and penalty.
• 16.08.160 Critical area review requirements.
• 16.08.180 Critical areas determination.
• 16.08.190 Technical studies.
• 16.08.200 Completion of critical area review.
• 16.08.210 Critical area mitigation.
• 16.08.230 Wetland designation.
• 16.08.240 Wetland rating (categorization) and functional assessment.
• 16.08.250 Wetland technical study requirements.
• 16.08.260 Wetland buffer requirements.
• 16.08.270 Wetland mitigation requirements.
• 16.08.280 Fish and wildlife habitat conservation areas designation.
• 16.08.290 Fish and wildlife habitat conservation areas classification.
• 16.08.300 Fish and wildlife habitat conservation areas indicators.
• 16.08.310 Fish and wildlife habitat conservation areas buffers.
• 16.08.320 Fish and wildlife habitat conservation areas technical study.
• 16.08.330 Geologically hazardous areas designation.
• 16.08.340 Geologically hazardous areas classification.
• 16.08.350 Geologically hazardous areas indicators.
• 16.08.360 Geologically hazardous areas performance requirements.
• 16.08.370 Aquifer recharge area designation.
• 16.08.380 Aquifer recharge area technical study requirements.
• 16.08.390 Aquifer recharge area performance requirements.
• 16.08.400 Flood hazard areas designation.
+ Chapter 17.04 GENERAL PROVISIONS
• 17.08.020 Binding site plan.
• 17.08.110 Hearings Examiner.
• 17.08.140 Plat or regular plat.
• 17.08.190 Short subdivision.
• 17.08.220 Subdivision Administrator.
+ Chapter 17.12 SHORT SUBDIVISIONS AND SHORT PLATS
• 17.12.010 Exemption determination.
• 17.12.020 Compliance with SEPA.
• 17.12.030 Application and contents.
• 17.12.040 Design requirements.
• 17.12.050 Improvement requirements.
• 17.12.060 Approval and filing.
• 17.12.090 Time limits for completion.
• 17.12.095 Variance applications.
+ Chapter 17.16 REGULAR PLAT PREAPPLICATION PROCEDURES
+ Chapter 17.20 PRELIMINARY PLATS
• 17.20.010 Contents and requirements.
• 17.20.020 Hearing – Established.
• 17.20.040 Transmittal of copies.
• 17.20.050 Hearing – Requirements.
• 17.20.060 Hearing – Recordkeeping.
• 17.20.070 Action by City Council.
• 17.20.080 Process time limits.
• 17.20.090 Effect of approval and time limits for completion.
• 17.24.010 Preapplication procedure.
• 17.24.020 Application requirements.
• 17.24.040 Procedure after approval.
• 17.24.050 Effect of recordation.
+ Chapter 17.28 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
• 17.28.005 Development standards.
• 17.28.020 Comprehensive Plan.
• 17.28.050 Parks, recreation facilities and open spaces.
• 17.28.060 Right-of-way width of streets and alleys.
• 17.28.090 Street composition, design and construction.
• 17.28.130 Street parking strips.
• 17.28.140 Street pavement widths.
• 17.28.150 Water distribution.
• 17.28.160 In-lieu payment for requirements not immediately necessary.
+ Chapter 17.32 REQUIRED IMPROVEMENTS
• 17.32.005 Development standards.
• 17.32.010 Materials, designs and construction.
• 17.32.020 Types of improvements.
• 17.32.030 Minimum improvements.
• 17.32.040 Protective improvements.
• 17.32.050 Methods of construction.
• 17.32.055 Improvements acceptable for construction guarantees.
• 17.32.056 Improvements not acceptable for construction guarantees.
+ Chapter 17.36 BINDING SITE PLANS
• 17.36.050 Binding site plan review procedures.
• 17.36.080 Binding site plan – Title report.
• 17.36.090 Binding site plan – Survey required.
• 17.36.100 General binding site plan.
• 17.36.120 Submission requirements.
• 17.36.130 General binding site plan review procedure.
• 17.36.140 General binding site plan recording – Effect.
• 17.36.160 Specific binding site plan.
• 17.36.170 Specific binding site plan purpose.
• 17.36.180 Submission requirements.
• 17.36.190 Specific binding site plan review procedure.
• 17.36.200 Specific binding site plan approval and recordation – Effect.
• 17.36.210 Infrastructure improvements.
+ Chapter 17.40 ADMINISTRATION
+ Chapter 17.44 ENFORCEMENT AND PENALTIES
• 17.44.010 Short plat violations – Penalties.
• 17.44.020 Plat violations – Penalties.
• 17.44.030 Injunctive actions prior to final plat approval.
• 17.44.040 Injunctive actions subsequent to final plat approval.
• 17.44.050 Injunctive actions by City.
• 17.44.060 Violation of injunction or court order – Penalty.
• 17.44.070 Rescission of approval by City.
+ Chapter 18.04 GENERAL PROVISIONS
+ Chapter 18.12 ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT
• 18.12.010 Zoning Administrator.
• 18.12.020 Zoning Administrator – Authority.
• 18.12.030 Planning Commission.
• 18.12.040 Planning Commission – Authority.
• 18.12.060 Hearings Examiner – Authority.
• 18.12.070 Building permits required.
• 18.12.080 Building permit procedures.
• 18.12.090 Building permits – Expiration.
• 18.12.100 Certificates of occupancy required.
• 18.12.110 Temporary certificates of occupancy authorized.
• 18.12.120 Conditional use permit required.
• 18.12.130 Conditional use permit procedures.
• 18.12.140 Home occupation permits required.
• 18.12.150 Home occupation – Approval by administrative review.
• 18.12.160 Expiration of conditional use permits.
• 18.12.180 Variance procedures.
• 18.12.190 Variance permits – Expiration.
• 18.12.200 Appeals from Zoning Administrator decisions.
• 18.12.210 Effect of Hearings Examiner interpretations.
• 18.12.230 Applicants’ duties.
• 18.12.240 Limitations on resubmission of applications.
• 18.12.250 Schedule of application fees.
• 18.12.260 Zoning amendments generally.
• 18.12.270 Zoning amendment procedures.
• 18.12.275 Determination of consistency.
• 18.12.280 Comprehensive Plan amendment.
• 18.12.290 Violation – Penalty.
• 18.12.300 Violation – Penalty – Persons subject to prosecution.
• 18.12.310 Violation – Penalty – Equitable actions authorized.
+ Chapter 18.14 HOME OCCUPATION PERMITS
• 18.14.010 Purpose and intent.
• 18.14.030 Type I and Type II home occupations defined.
• 18.14.040 Applicability and exemptions.
• 18.14.050 Permit procedures and submission requirements.
• 18.14.060 Conditions applicable to Type II home occupation approvals.
• 18.14.070 Action regarding complaints and violations of standards.
+ Chapter 18.16 ZONES, MAPS AND BOUNDARIES
• 18.16.010 Land use zones established.
• 18.16.030 Rules of construction.
+ Chapter 18.20 FLOODWAY ZONE (FW)
• 18.20.020 Permitted principal uses.
• 18.20.030 Permitted accessory uses.
• 18.20.060 Permit application.
• 18.20.070 Application requirements.
• 18.20.080 Determination of base or 100-year flood boundaries.
+ Chapter 18.24 FLOODWAY FRINGE DISTRICT (OVERLAY)
– Chapter 18.28 SUBURBAN ESTATE ZONE (SE)
+ Chapter 18.30 COTTAGE HOUSING DEVELOPMENT APPROVAL AND DESIGN STANDARDS
• 18.30.010 Purpose and intent.
• 18.30.020 Applicability, application process, and design review.
• 18.30.030 Density, number of cottage housing units and minimum lot area.
• 18.30.040 Existing nonconforming structures.
• 18.30.060 Exterior trim and roof eaves.
• 18.30.070 Covered main entry porches.
• 18.30.080 Street facing facades.
• 18.30.090 Lot coverage area.
• 18.30.100 Impervious surface area.
• 18.30.140 Covenants, conditions and restrictions.
• 18.30.150 Private open space.
• 18.30.160 Tree conservation.
• 18.30.170 Stormwater low impact development techniques.
• 18.30.190 Exterior lighting and heating/cooling equipment noise.
+ Chapter 18.32 SINGLE-FAMILY DWELLING ZONES (RS 6.5, 8.5 AND 10.5)
• 18.32.020 Permitted principal uses.
• 18.32.030 Permitted accessory uses.
• 18.32.050 Minimum lot sizes.
• 18.32.060 Minimum lot width.
– Chapter 18.34 SINGLE-FAMILY DWELLING ZONES (LARGE LOT SIZES RS 10.5 AND 14.5)
– Chapter 18.35 SINGLE-FAMILY DWELLING ZONES (RS 12.5)
+ Chapter 18.36 MULTIFAMILY DWELLING UNITS (RM 1.5)
• 18.36.020 Permitted principal uses.
• 18.36.030 Permitted accessory uses.
• 18.36.060 Minimum lot width.
• 18.36.070 Maximum building height.
• 18.36.080 Setbacks and lot coverage.
• 18.36.100 Accessory building and use regulations.
+ Chapter 18.40 RESIDENTIAL-OFFICE (RO)
• 18.40.020 Permitted principal uses.
• 18.40.030 Permitted accessory uses.
• 18.40.060 Minimum lot width.
• 18.40.070 Maximum building height.
• 18.40.080 Setbacks and lot coverage.
+ Chapter 18.42 URBAN RESIDENTIAL ZONE (UR)
• 18.42.020 Permitted principal uses.
• 18.42.030 Permitted accessory uses.
• 18.42.060 Street classifications.
• 18.42.080 Floor area ratio (FAR).
• 18.42.090 Regulatory exception.
+ Chapter 18.44 CENTRAL BUSINESS ZONE (CB)
• 18.44.020 Permitted principal uses.
• 18.44.030 Permitted accessory uses.
• 18.44.060 Minimum lot width.
• 18.44.070 Maximum building height.
• 18.44.080 Setbacks and lot coverage.
+ Chapter 18.46 CITY CENTER ZONE (CC)
• 18.46.020 Permitted principal uses.
• 18.46.030 Permitted accessory uses.
• 18.46.060 Street classifications.
• 18.46.080 Floor area ratio (FAR).
• 18.46.090 Regulatory exception.
+ Chapter 18.47 DOWNTOWN ARCHITECTURAL AND SITE DESIGN STANDARDS
• 18.47.040 Architectural design.
• 18.47.060 Special provisions.
+ Chapter 18.48 HIGHWAY COMMERCIAL ZONE (HC)
• 18.48.020 Permitted principal uses.
• 18.48.030 Permitted accessory uses.
• 18.48.060 Minimum lot width.
• 18.48.070 Maximum building height.
• 18.48.080 Setbacks and lot coverage.
+ Chapter 18.52 GENERAL COMMERCIAL ZONE (GC)
• 18.52.020 Permitted principal uses.
• 18.52.030 Permitted accessory uses.
• 18.52.060 Minimum lot width.
• 18.52.070 Maximum building height.
+ Chapter 18.54 LIGHT INDUSTRIAL ZONE (LI)
• 18.54.020 Permitted principal uses.
• 18.54.030 Permitted accessory uses.
• 18.54.060 Minimum lot width.
• 18.54.070 Maximum building height.
• 18.54.080 Setbacks and lot coverage.
• 18.54.110 Buffer requirements.
• 18.54.120 Light industrial zone performance standards and enforcement.
+ Chapter 18.56 MANUFACTURING ZONE (M)
• 18.56.020 Permitted principal uses.
• 18.56.030 Permitted accessory uses.
• 18.56.050 Manufacturing zone performance standards.
• 18.56.060 Enforcement of performance standards.
• 18.56.080 Minimum lot width.
• 18.56.090 Maximum building height.
+ Chapter 18.58 RETAIL DESIGN GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS
+ Chapter 18.60 MOBILE HOME PARK DEVELOPMENTS
• 18.60.020 Permitted zones and size.
• 18.60.030 Permitted density.
• 18.60.040 Recreation facilities.
• 18.60.050 Required setbacks, buffer strips and screening.
+ Chapter 18.64 RV PARKS AND CAMPGROUNDS
• 18.64.010 Purpose and objective.
• 18.64.030 Permitted locations.
• 18.64.040 Review and approval procedures.
• 18.64.050 General operation and maintenance requirements.
• 18.64.060 Park size and density restrictions.
• 18.64.070 Traffic circulation and street design.
• 18.64.110 Buffers, screening and setbacks.
• 18.64.120 Water supply – Sewage disposal.
• 18.64.140 Operation requirements.
+ Chapter 18.66 REGULATIONS FOR THE SITING OF WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS FACILITIES
• 18.66.040 Microcell facilities standards.
• 18.66.050 Building mounted wireless telecommunications facility standards.
• 18.66.060 Telecommunications tower standards.
• 18.66.070 General standards.
• 18.66.080 Administrative review.
• 18.66.090 Conditional use permit review.
• 18.66.100 Co-location requirements.
• 18.66.110 Application requirements.
• 18.66.120 Review criteria for permits.
• 18.66.130 Review criteria for variances.
• 18.66.140 Removal of abandoned antennas and towers.
• 18.66.150 Bonding requirements.
+ Chapter 18.68 PLANNED UNIT DEVELOPMENT (PUD)
• 18.68.030 Definition of terms.
• 18.68.040 Types of planned unit developments.
• 18.68.050 Design standards – Residential planned unit development.
• 18.68.060 Design standards – Commercial/industrial planned unit developments.
• 18.68.070 Owner’s association.
• 18.68.080 Restrictive covenants.
• 18.68.090 PUD street design standards.
• 18.68.100 Relationship to adjacent areas.
• 18.68.120 Permissible initiators of planned unit developments.
• 18.68.130 Review and approval process.
• 18.68.140 Criteria for approval of a planned unit development.
• 18.68.150 Modifications and amendments.
+ Chapter 18.72 GENERAL AND SPECIAL REGULATIONS – ALL ZONES
• 18.72.010 Types of lots, lot terms and lot and building requirements.
• 18.72.020 Lot size requirements.
• 18.72.030 Special height requirements.
• 18.72.040 Special setback requirements.
• 18.72.050 Accessory building and use requirements.
• 18.72.070 Driveway requirements.
• 18.72.080 Sidewalk requirements.
• 18.72.090 Performance requirements for uses.
• 18.72.100 Performance requirements for service stations.
• 18.72.110 Adult business and adult entertainment performance standards.
+ Chapter 18.74 FERNDALE LANDSCAPE STANDARDS
• 18.74.010 Purpose of landscape standards.
• 18.74.030 Required plant materials.
• 18.74.040 Description of landscape standards.
• 18.74.050 General provisions.
• 18.74.060 Criteria for adjustment.
• 18.74.070 Installation and maintenance.
• 18.74.100 Plant materials standards.
• 18.74.105 Credit for preservation of existing vegetation.
• 18.74.110 Preservation of existing vegetation.
• 18.74.130 Vision clearance area landscaping.
+ Chapter 18.76 PARKING SPACES, PARKING LAYOUT AND LOADING REQUIREMENTS– ALL ZONES
• 18.76.050 General requirements.
• 18.76.070 Off-street parking spaces required.
• 18.76.090 Off-street parking credits.
• 18.76.100 ADA accessibility.
• 18.76.110 Parking lot layout, construction and maintenance.
• 18.76.120 Loading space requirements.
• 18.76.130 Parking space standards.
• 18.76.140 Parking lot standards.
• 18.76.150 Conflict with other provisions.
+ Chapter 18.80 SIGN REQUIREMENTS – ALL ZONES
• 18.80.030 Subareas, sign development and standards.
• 18.80.050 Sign standards – General requirements of on-premises signs.
• 18.80.060 Permit – Required.
• 18.80.070 Permit – Application.
• 18.80.090 Sign permit review process.
• 18.80.100 Sign permit and construction process.
• 18.80.110 Permitted number and sign areas of permanent signs.
• 18.80.120 Building sign regulations – Commercial zones.
• 18.80.130 Maximum number of signs allowed, all zones.
• 18.80.140 Calculation of wall sign area – Commercial, industrial, and manufacturing uses.
• 18.80.150 Sign area allowed – CC and UR zones.
• 18.80.160 Sign areas for properties adjacent to or visible from Interstate 5.
• 18.80.170 Calculation of sign area – Residential, public, and other uses.
• 18.80.180 Sign requirements in special districts.
• 18.80.190 Calculation of sign area and sign design – Sign types.
• 18.80.220 Community facilities signs.
• 18.80.230 District identification sign.
• 18.80.240 Franchise/brand placement sign.
• 18.80.270 Painted wall murals.
• 18.80.280 Projecting sign requirements (includes blade signs).
• 18.80.290 Painted wall signs.
• 18.80.300 Pedestrian-oriented signs.
• 18.80.310 Service organization signs.
• 18.80.320 Sign support structures.
• 18.80.330 Time and temperature devices.
• 18.80.350 Window signs – Permanent indoor.
• 18.80.360 Freestanding signs (pole and monument).
• 18.80.370 Electronic and illuminated signs.
• 18.80.380 Off-site directional signs.
• 18.80.390 Portable freestanding signs (including sandwich board signs and T-frames).
• 18.80.410 Real estate signs, on-premises (for sale/lease/rent).
• 18.80.430 Political and campaign signs.
• 18.80.450 Conflict with other provisions.
• 18.80.460 Nonconforming signs.
+ Chapter 18.84 NONCONFORMING STRUCTURES AND USES – ALL ZONES
• 18.84.020 Nonconforming lots of record.
• 18.84.030 Nonconforming structures.
• 18.84.040 Nonconforming uses of land.
• 18.84.050 Nonconforming uses of structures.
• 18.84.060 Lawful permit applications prior to zoning change.