Chapter 18.90
DEVELOPMENT STANDARDS – CITYWIDE APPLICABILITY
Sections:
18.90.010 Purpose.
18.90.015 Modifications – Development agreement.
18.90.020 Accessory buildings.
18.90.030 Concurrency.
18.90.040 Density standards.
18.90.050 Design standards.
18.90.060 Fences, bulkheads, and retaining walls.
18.90.070 Height standards.
18.90.080 Housing incentives program.
18.90.090 Landscaping.
18.90.100 Lot standards.
18.90.110 Nonconformities.
18.90.120 Outdoor storage.
18.90.130 Parking.
18.90.140 Performance standards.
18.90.150 Setback standards.
18.90.160 Signs.
18.90.170 Streetscapes.
18.90.180 Tree preservation.
18.90.010 Purpose.
A. This section, in conjunction with other chapters and sections of the development code of the Edgewood Municipal Code (EMC), provide specific minimal development standards and methodologies for applying development standards.
B. These development standards are applicable to all land development and uses, including improvements, intensification, changes in use, or building and development permits and land use approvals and actions. (Ord. 03-203 § 1).
18.90.015 Modifications – Development agreement.
The city recognizes that allowing occasional modifications to the EMC Title 18, Development Standards, standards and procedures can serve the public interest by providing a benefit to the public and to the property owners where large-scale development or redevelopment of property is desired subject to the following:
A. The city council may grant modifications to any provision prescribed in this title when approving a development agreement pursuant to EMC 18.50.090.
B. Modifications to adopted standards and procedures may be granted if:
1. The minimum land area that the development agreement affects shall consist of at least five net buildable acres;
2. The land is located in the Mixed Residential, Mixed Use Residential, Commercial and/or Town Center zoning districts;
3. The development standards set forth in the development agreement do not conflict with the goals and policies prescribed in the city's comprehensive plan; and
4. The project shall as a whole provide public benefits beyond those provided without a development agreement. (Ord. 07-285 § 2).
18.90.020 Accessory buildings.
A. Residential detached accessory structures which are less than 120 square feet in size and not higher than 10 feet, including garden sheds or greenhouses or combination of both; children's play equipment; arbors; and gazebos, placed in a rear half of a lot shall have a minimum three-foot setback. Attached accessory structures must have the same setbacks as the main building.
B. In the single-family (SF-2/3/5) and mixed residential (MR-1/2) zoning districts, garages, or other accessory buildings greater than 120 square feet but not exceeding 1,000 square feet, and which do not exceed 14 feet in height, may be placed within the rear or interior yard.
1. The structure must maintain a minimum five-foot setback, unless the zoning district allows a lessor setback; and
2. Be located at least six feet from a primary structure located on an adjacent property.
C. Pools, hot tubs, and similar accessory structures may not be located in the rear or interior yard setbacks.
D. Areas for ingress and egress for automobiles shall be designed in such a manner that adequate visibility is ensured.
E. Every building hereafter erected or moved shall be on a lot adjacent to a public street, or with access to an approved private street, and all structures shall be located on lots as to provide safe and convenient access for servicing and required off-street parking.
F. The parking pad shall have a durable surface. (Ord. 03-203 § 1).
18.90.030 Concurrency.
A. All new development and improvements, expansion, or intensification of an existing use shall be connected, at applicant expense, to a primary infrastructure system to support the use.
B. If primary infrastructure is not available to the site or the existing infrastructure does not contain sufficient capacity to support the proposed development, the city may not:
1. Issue development permits which would allow for an increase in the amount of infrastructure demand generated from the site; or
2. Permit the division of the property that provides for increased potential for development or demand for infrastructure.
C. Primary infrastructure includes, but is not limited to:
1. Stormwater;
2. Police, fire, and emergency medical;
3. Water;
4. Transportation and transit facilities;
5. Electrical;
6. Sanitary sewer (if available);
7. Schools; and
8. Parks. (Ord. 03-203 § 1).
18.90.040 Density standards.
A. The maximum density of each zoning district is the maximum number of dwelling units allowed per net buildable area of an acre, and is expressed as a ratio, i.e., one dwelling unit per net buildable acre. The minimum lot size does not determine maximum density.
B. Gross area is the total sum area of the lot. The required critical area buffers and all legally recorded private access easements shall not be subtracted from the gross area.
C. The buildable area is the area of a lot remaining after public and/or private rights-of-way and critical area/buffers is subtracted from the gross area (see Figure 1 below).
(Ord. 03-203 § 1).
18.90.050 Design standards.
A. The city of Edgewood has developed design principals in the interest of those who live, work, shop or recreate here. The city and those who develop in the city have a common interest in assuring quality development that benefits property owners and the city. The city is committed to incorporating design review procedures that:
1. Apply to all commercial, multifamily, and mixed uses in designated land use districts within the city;
2. Allow for flexibility to accommodate creative design that meets the intent of adopted principals;
3. Do not prolong the approval process; and
4. Encourage design review that parallels development design for economy of design resources.
B. The following procedures are intended to accomplish the objectives above. The underlying premise of the procedures established for design review is to provide city review that parallels design development. The developer has access to design review as development design progresses so that design resources are directed to known, expected results.
C. Where there is a conflict between the Edgewood development regulations and these design standards, then EMC 18.30.060, Conflict of provisions, will apply. In addition, should there be a question regarding the interpretation of these codes the city manager or his designee shall be authorized to make an official code interpretation.
D. Many of the optional implementation measures discussed in the city of Edgewood design standards appear several times throughout the document. Any implementing measure that appears as an option may only be selected once for any given project.
E. The design standards shall be implemented in the following manner:
1. All new construction;
2. All existing structures with exterior improvements/additions less than 50 percent of the assessed value of the structure, then only that portion being improved/added shall comply;
3. All existing structures with exterior improvements/additions greater than 50 percent of the assessed value of the structure in any four-year period, then the standards apply to the entire project.
Note: It is important to note that interior remodeling or tenant improvements are not factored into the above equations and that only those improvements to the exterior are counted;
4. Agricultural and horticultural uses are excluded from the design standards unless the structure is converted to a retail or commercial/office use.
F. Site Planning.
1. Relationship to Street Front. The intent of this section is to:
a. Develop street frontages in a pedestrian-oriented manner.
b. Create active, safe pedestrian access/movement.
c. Upgrade commercial areas to establish visual identity for each area.
d. Reflect the “small village tradition” in structures.
e. Unify streetscapes.
f. Improve circulation including options for pedestrians, bicycles and vehicles.
2. Design Principles.
a. Relate development to street frontages.
b. Development for properties fronting on a street shall include site planning measures to define the street edge, encourage pedestrian access and provide amenities and support commercial areas design objectives stated herein. Accordingly, the development shall comply with subsections (F)(2)(b)(i), and (ii) or (iii) of this section.
i. Adhere to the following standards unless the city determines that they prevent viable site development.
(A) Buildings must present a “pedestrian-oriented facade” (see EMC 18.20.190, P definitions) to the street.
(B) Building entries must have direct access to the public sidewalk (entries may be on the side of buildings and connected by a pedestrian pathway) and shall provide pedestrian weather protection at public entries.
(C) Provide weather protection such as an awning, canopy, marquee or other building element to create a covered outdoor pedestrian space of at least 100 square feet. See Figure 9.
(D) No more than 65 feet of the street frontage measured parallel to the curb, excluding public/access street rights-of-way, may be occupied by parking and driveways (vehicle access). Shared parking lots may have additional frontage.
(1) Where parking and right-of-way create a frontage greater than 65 feet, measures shall include pedestrian amenities and street visual continuity along the street frontage.
(E) Driveways are limited to one entry lane, one exit lane and one turn lane per 300 feet; or one lane each way per lot if the site frontage is less than 300 feet except as provided in subsection (U)(2)(a) of this section.
(F) If the public sidewalk is less than eight feet wide, set the building back sufficiently to provide at least eight feet of walking surface and seven feet of landscape surface. Where retail buildings are connected, the sidewalk shall be not less than 10 feet wide and five feet of landscaping between the sidewalk and curb shall be provided.
(G) No large item display areas (e.g., auto sales in the front yard area).
Exception: Nurseries may be allowed if a suitable condition along the sidewalk is provided. Small, temporary displays for items such as groceries, hardware, books, etc., may be allowed along sidewalk edge. Design standards encourage awnings over sidewalk.
(H) Pedestrian lighting.
(I) If parking is adjacent to street frontage, provide substantial landscaping that complies with subsection (GG) of this section. The landscaping of other treatment must be sufficient, in the city's opinion, to spatially define the street edge and create a distinctive perimeter along the street front. Views of building in the site are acceptable and may be accentuated by special treatment (see EMC 18.90.090, Landscaping).
The diagrams in Figure 1 illustrate examples of acceptable site configurations along streets.
ii. Provide at least two of the following pedestrian amenities near the sidewalk:
(A) Pedestrian furniture such as seating space lighting, drinking fountain.
(B) Pedestrian-oriented open space. (see Figure 13)
(C) Substantial perimeter landscaping per subsection (DD) of this section.
(D) Artwork.
(E) Space for transit stop with seating.
(F) Window displays a minimum of 25 percent of the front facade.
(G) Decorative screen wall, trellis or other building or site feature.
(H) Other element that encourages pedestrian activities as approved by the city. All site configurations and elements shall be as approved by the city.
iii. The city may permit deviation from the specific standards if it determines that public benefit can be achieved in terms of the intent described above. The applicant must demonstrate that the proposed deviation will result in increased pedestrian activity and visual interest along the street.
G. Side Yards Compatibility.
1. Intent. Promote the functional and visual compatibility between adjacent properties.
2. Design Principles.
a. Minimize visibility and impacts of service areas.
b. Implementing Measures. In addition to the requirements of Edgewood Municipal Code and in compliance with subsections (G)(2)(c)(i) through (iv) of this section, locate service areas, outdoor storage areas and other intrusive site features away from neighboring properties to reduce conflicts with adjacent uses. Where the city deems necessary, landscape screening, buffer, or other form of screening must be provided along property lines adjacent to “incompatible uses.” Incompatible uses include: outdoor storage areas adjacent to any other use, service areas adjacent to any other use, commercial development adjacent to a residentially zoned or developed property.
c. Provide natural settings for paths connecting residential districts with the commercial areas and transit.
i. The buffer must conform with requirements of Edgewood Municipal Code.
ii. Where outdoor storage is greater than 120 square feet and abuts another commercial area or industrial use, 10-foot width of Type II landscaping should be provided.
iii. Integrate outdoor storage areas and loading facilities into the site design to minimize their size, reduce visual impact, and allow for pedestrian and vehicular (where appropriate) movement between sites.
iv. If changes in topography between the residentially zoned or developed property and adjacent property is sufficiently great, then modifications to some of the above buffer options may be allowed through the city's approval. The city may waive screening requirement if shared parking advantage and/or other landscaping is approved except where it is adjacent to single-family residential.
H. Multiple Building/Large Lot Developments.
1. Intent.
a. To reduce the negative impacts to adjacent properties.
b. To increase pedestrian, bicycle and vehicular circulation options in commercial areas.
c. To upgrade the overall visual quality in Edgewood's commercial areas.
d. To maintain a human and architectural scale in commercial areas.
e. To produce a consistent design identity compatible with the rest of the commercial area.
f. To take advantage of special opportunities to create a composition of buildings and landscape features.
g. To create a focal point for the downtown commercial area.
2. Design Principles. Take advantage of special opportunities and mitigate impacts of large developments.
3. Implementing Measures. The site planning for all developments must feature a demonstrable unifying organization that accomplishes the following goals:
a. Mitigate transportation impacts and conform to the city's objectives for better traffic circulation.
b. Provide convenient pedestrian circulation connecting all on-site activities to adjacent pedestrian routes and street rights-of-way (see subsections (F), (G), (I) and (J) of this section).
c. Encourage buildings to complement adjacent activities and visual character and create comfortable human environments (see subsections (V), (W) and (X) of this section).
d. Incorporates open space and landscaping as a unifying element (see subsection (DD) of this section).
e. Upgrade the quality of streets, if adjacent to applicable street fronts (see subsection (F) of this section).
f. Where possible, incorporate screening, environmental mitigation, utilities and drainage as positive elements (example: create a “natural” open space or wet pond as a site feature to accommodate surface water runoff).
4. Coordinate design principles to produce innovative organizational schemes.
a. Implementing Measures. While the referenced design principles apply to smaller lots as well, the intent of this principle is to encourage project designers to coordinate design principle requirements into innovative organizational schemes such as a “village green,” “small town grid,” “grid,” “pedestrian square,” “perimeter walk,” etc., that integrate the new development into the existing/proposed structure and create a pedestrian focus.
See Figure 2 for an example.
5. Provide for bicycle circulation and safe bicycle parking.
I. Siting Service Areas.
1. Intent.
a. To reduce the visibility of unsightly uses (trash containers for example), in the Commercial zones.
b. To encourage more thoughtful siting of trash containers and service areas, balancing the need for service with the desire to screen negative aspects.
2. Design Principles.
a. Reduce impact of service areas and mechanical equipment.
b. Implementing Measures.
i. Locate service areas (loading docks, trash dumpsters, compactors, mechanical equipment, and storage yards) to avoid negative visual, olfactory, auditory (noise), or physical impact on the street environment, and adjacent residentially zoned or developed properties. One of the purposes of this principle is to reduce the noise impacts of service areas. See Figure 3 for example.
ii. When service elements are visible from the sidewalk and adjacent properties, the elements shall be screened. Dumpsters, refuse, and recycling collection points shall be screened in accordance with Edgewood city ordinances (subsection (G) of this section). See Figure 3 for examples.
J. Biofiltration Swales.
1. Intent.
a. Provide attractive options for the provision of grass-lined biofiltration swales.
b. Incorporate biofiltration swales and ponds into project site design and landscaping more effectively.
c. Avoid potential hazards between persons and stormwater facilities or swales.
Note: Biofiltration swales must be provided on-site according to city standards. In order to be effective, grass-lined swales must meet specific standards related to slope, capacity, vegetation growth, etc. The design principles below are intended to better integrate grass swales into site design while maximizing their biofiltration efficiency.
2. Design Principles. Integrate biofiltration swales and ponds into the overall site design through one of the following:
3. Implementing Measures.
a. (Generally, first preference where topography and other site conditions will allow.) Locate biofiltration swales, pond, or other approved biofiltration systems at the side or rear of the lot and incorporate as part of a landscape screen. Trees may be planted near the grass swale as long as they do not substantially shade the grass within the swale. The swale or pond should be oriented so it does not impede pedestrian circulation nor shared parking between two or more properties.
b. (Generally, second preference where topography is favorable.) Locate biofiltration swale, wet pond, or other approved biofiltration system within the paved parking or service area. The swale or pond should be oriented so it does not impede pedestrian circulation, and landscaped as part of the required internal parking lot landscaping.
c. (Generally, employ this option only when options in subsections (J)(3)(a) and (b) of this section are not practical.) Locate swale along the front edge of the property. Incorporate landscaping and screening to visually enhance the swale without reducing maintainability and sun exposure. Biofiltration ponds should not be located along the front edge of the property.
4. Integrate consistent planting theme (plant forms and types) for biofiltration swales and site landscaping.
a. The incorporation of screening elements and/or landscaping into biofiltration swale designs is encouraged if the biofiltration swales is located and/or designed as a positive landscaping feature with an approved design and plant materials. It may be counted as part of the required site landscaping. See Figure 4.
K. Street Corners.
1. Intent. To add landmarks to the commercial areas.
2. Design Principles. Enhance the visual quality development on corners.
a. New development on corner lots at street intersections must enhance the property's visual qualities at the corner by one or more of the following:
3. Implementing Measures.
a. Locating the building so as to allow for future road impacts along Meridian and for sidewalks and landscaping (see subsection (F)(2)(a) of this section).
b. Installing substantial landscaping (at least 200 square feet of ground surface area with trees and shrubs or living groundcover) at or near the corner of the lot. Landscaping may include plant material to form a low hedge. However, care should be taken to not create a visibility or security problem.
c. Installing a decorative screen wall (at least two to three feet high), a trellis or other continuous architectural element with a length of at least 20 feet, along the front property line. Height and location of elements should not create a visibility or security problem.
d. Other element or method approved by the city.
L. Safety.
1. Intent. To ensure that site design encourages safety.
2. Design Principles.
a. Site design shall enable a passerby to look through a site's perimeter features for visual observation of nonprivate activities on the site.
b. Arrange a mixture of uses to minimize isolated areas which may be unsafe.
3. Implementing Measures.
a. Site design shall avoid creating potential entrapment areas.
b. Buildings should be arranged on the site to overlook pedestrian routes and parking areas to allow for informal surveillance of these areas.
c. Courtyards and open spaces should be surrounded by housing units, offices or other uses that allow for informal surveillance.
M. Pedestrian Access.
1. General Pedestrian Access Requirements.
a. Intent.
i. To improve the pedestrian environment by making it easier, safer and more comfortable to walk between businesses, to the street sidewalk, to transit stops, and through parking lots. Pedestrian facilities such as sidewalks, crosswalks and bus shelters should connect all modes of transportation.
ii. To provide safe, pleasant and continuous pedestrian access in the commercial areas of Edgewood.
iii. To provide the pedestrian, disabled person and transit user with a safe and clear path to the entry door of a building.
iv. To provide safe pedestrian routes across busy streets by a variety of means, including signalized intersections at cross streets and distinctively marked crosswalks.
2. Design Principles.
a. At a minimum, provide pedestrian access in accordance with Edgewood Municipal Code (EMC), unless otherwise directed by these design principles. Where two regulations contradict, the city shall determine which one applies.
b. In addition to Edgewood city ordinances provide pedestrian access onto the site from the main street off of which the use is located. Where a use fronts two streets, access shall be provided from the road closest to the main entrance, preferably, from both streets.
c. All pedestrian paths must correspond with federal, state and local codes for barrier free access, and the Americans with Disabilities Act.
d. Provide adequate lighting at the building entries and all walkways and paths through parking lots. For safety, at least four footcandles of light is recommended at the entry and two footcandles at the paths.
N. On-Site Pedestrian Circulation.
1. Intent. To provide safe and convenient pedestrian paths from the street sidewalk through parking lots to building entries in order to encourage walking between businesses and reduce local traffic impacts.
2. Design Principles.
a. Provide paved pedestrian path from the street sidewalk to the main entry of all buildings (see Figure 6).
3. Implementing Measures.
a. Buildings with entries not facing the street should have a clear and obvious pedestrian accessway from the street to the entry.
b. Pedestrian access routes through parking areas shall be separated from vehicular parking and travel lanes by use of contrasting paving material, which may be raised above the vehicular pavement per Edgewood Municipal Code, excluding the use of speed bumps. See Figure 6.
c. The pedestrian path from the street sidewalk to the building main entry shall be at least 60 inches wide (preferably 96 inches wide) per Edgewood Municipal Code.
d. Provide pedestrian paths or walkways of eight-foot minimum unobstructed width connecting all businesses and the entries of multiple buildings frequented by the public on the same development site. There shall be a 10-foot-wide sidewalk where retail businesses are connected. See Figure 7.
e. Provide pathways through parking lots. The following distance should be considered somewhat flexible to account for the length of the parking lot and driveway locations. A specially marked or paved crosswalk must be provided through parking lots greater than 150 feet long (measured parallel to the street front) or more than two bays deep (approximately 75 feet measured perpendicular from street front) in accordance with Edgewood Municipal Code. Generally, walkways should be provided every four rows and a maximum distance of 150 feet shall be maintained between paths.
f. Develop an on-site pedestrian circulation concept. An overall on-site pedestrian circulation plan is required and shall be implemented in compliance with Edgewood Municipal Code. Walkways should be integrated with the required parking lot landscaping.
O. Sidewalk Widths and Bicycle Lanes.
1. Intent. Provide safe, convenient, comfortable pedestrian circulation along all streets.
2. Design Principles.
a. Provide at least 10-foot-wide sidewalks along both sides of streets where retail buildings are connected and eight feet in all other areas. The ground level of all new buildings located adjacent to a street shall be set back from the front property line sufficiently to provide a sidewalk width as described above, distance as measured from the back of the landscape strip. This dimension must be paved with concrete or unit paving in a manner suitable for pedestrian traffic. If the city of Edgewood has a programmed street improvement for the public right-of-way in front of the building, then the required minimum sidewalk width shall be measured from the proposed back of the landscape strip. Upper building stories may extend to the front property lines as long as they do not restrict pedestrian traffic. All new fences, screen walls and other obstructions to pedestrian traffic shall also be set back sufficiently for designated sidewalk widths.
b. Provide a landscape strip of at least five feet in width located between the curb and the sidewalk.
c. Where street right-of-way is insufficient to provide adequate sidewalks, buildings and other site features must be set back from the public right-of-way to achieve at least the minimum sidewalk widths and landscape strip in accordance with the city's adopted standards.
d. Bicycle lanes of four feet in width along state highways and of three feet in width along arterial streets shall be provided along all state highways and arterial streets within the Commercial zones. Bicycle lanes shall be located adjacent to the sidewalk and separated from the sidewalk by raised buttons.
P. Pedestrian Amenities.
1. Intent. Provide safe, comfortable pedestrian circulation throughout commercial areas.
2. Design Principles.
a. Provide pedestrian weather protection.
i. All adjoining businesses shall provide pedestrian weather protection at least four feet wide along at least 80 percent of the building's front face. The weather protection may be in the form of awnings, marquees, canopies or building overhangs.
ii. Canopies or awnings shall not be higher than 15 feet above the ground elevation at the highest point nor lower than eight feet at the lowest point.
iii. The color, material and configuration of the pedestrian coverings shall be as approved by the city. Coverings with visible corrugated metal or corrugated fiberglass are not permitted. Fabric and rigid metal awnings are acceptable if they meet the applicable standards. All lettering and graphics on pedestrian coverings must conform to the city of Edgewood's sign code.
b. Provide pedestrian-friendly building facades. The ground story facades facing streets and public parks shall feature pedestrian-friendly street front facades which consist of one or more of the following:
i. Transparent window area or window displays along at least 25 percent of the length of the ground floor facade.
ii. Architectural details for the pedestrian such as, but not limited to, the following: shingle treatment, tile work, true divided lights windows, dentils, or as approved by the city.
iii. “Pedestrian-oriented space,” as defined in the EMC 18.20.190, P definitions, and subsection (S)(3) of this section, with public access to the sidewalk. At least 500 square feet of pedestrian-oriented space must be provided for every 100 linear feet of facade as measured along the property lines adjacent to the street right-of-way.
iv. Other special landscaping or building design feature approved by the city.
Q. Pedestrian Paths to Adjacent Uses and Transit Facilities.
1. Intent.
a. Provide safe and continuous pedestrian access in commercial areas.
b. Minimize conflict between pedestrians and vehicular traffic.
c. Connect multifamily neighborhoods with safe pedestrian and bike paths to needed shopping and services.
d. Provide safe routes for the pedestrian and disabled person across parking, to entries and between buildings.
e. Provide pedestrians with access to adjacent properties.
f. Improve businesses by making them more accessible and convenient, by allowing people to walk between businesses and to safely walk and bike to commercial nodes from adjacent multifamily areas.
2. Design Principles.
a. Provide feasible, pedestrian circulation routes in accordance with Edgewood Municipal Code from building entries of businesses to:
i. Services within the same development;
ii. Building entries of nearby residential multifamily developments; and
iii. Sidewalks along abutting roadways. See Figure 8 for an example.
b. Where possible, provide steps and ramps across retaining walls and slopes in accordance with Edgewood Municipal Code.
c. Gates should be provided to breach fences if they impede pedestrian movement to shopping and other common activities, especially to transit.
d. Pedestrian paths must be safe and well lit.
e. In addition to Edgewood Municipal Code, adjacent landscaping shall not block visibility to and from a path, especially where it approaches a roadway or driveway.
f. In addition to Edgewood Municipal Code, integrate transit stops into the development of adjacent site improvements. This may be done by providing extra space for waiting areas, incorporating bus pull outs or stops into the site's circulation scheme and/or providing a walkway (preferably covered) directly from the transit stop into the project's entrance. Pavement for expanded waiting areas and connecting walkways may be located within required setbacks and may count as landscape areas, provided the areas meet the intent of subsection (R)(2)(a) of this section. To act as an incentive, parking requirements may be reduced if convenient connections to transit are provided.
g. Encourage pedestrian paths from all transit stops through commercial areas to residential areas within 1,200 feet of the site. Easements for pedestrian access should be provided to facilitate the future extension of these paths as adjoining properties are improved. Relaxation of other site planning requirements may be appropriate as long as the relaxation does not interfere or conflict with the intent of other requirements and design principles.
R. Pedestrian Areas at Building Entries.
1. Intent.
a. Use the architectural elements of a building and landscaping to highlight and define the entrance.
b. Enhance the visual character of buildings.
c. Improve the pedestrian environment.
2. Design Principles.
a. Enhance building entry access. The primary public entries of all businesses and multifamily residential buildings shall be enhanced by two or more of the following:
i. Provide at least 200 square feet of landscaping at or near the entry.
ii. In addition to Edgewood city ordinances regarding bicycle parking, provide pedestrian facilities, such as benches, kiosks, special paving, bicycle racks, etc.
iii. Provide a trellis, canopy, porch, arbor or other building element that incorporates landscaping.
iv. Provide special pedestrian-scaled lighting.
v. Provide adjacent window displays.
vi. Provide building ornamentation such as mosaic tile, relief sculpture, ornamental wood or metal trim, etc.
vii. Provide artwork or special pedestrian scaled signs.
viii. Other methods as approved by the city.
S. Pedestrian Activity and Plazas.
1. Intent.
a. Provide a variety of pedestrian-oriented areas.
2. Design Principles.
a. Provide pedestrian-oriented space at key locations.
3. Implementing Measures. Where the front building facade is not directly adjacent to the sidewalk, the space between the sidewalk pavement and the building (the front yard) shall be developed as a garden, lawn, and/or pedestrian-oriented space meeting the criteria stated below (see Figure 13).
A “pedestrian-oriented space” is an area between a building and a public street or on a pedestrian path which promotes visual and pedestrian access onto the site and which provides pedestrian-oriented amenities and landscaping enhancing the public's use of the space for passive activities, such as resting, reading, picnicking, etc. (see Figure 9/10).
a. To qualify as a “pedestrian-oriented space” an area must have (see Figure 11):
i. Visual and pedestrian access (including handicapped access) into the site from the public right-of-way.
ii. Paved walking surfaces of either concrete or approved unit paving.
iii. On-site or building mounted site lighting providing at least four footcandles (average) on the ground in accordance with Edgewood Municipal Code.
iv. Seating; at least three linear feet of seating area (bench, ledge, etc.) or one individual seat per 60 square feet of plaza area or open space.
b. A “pedestrian-oriented space” is encouraged to have:
i. Landscaping, site furniture, artwork or amenities such as fountains, kiosks, etc. (see Figure 12).
c. A “pedestrian-oriented space” shall not have:
i. Visual barriers which could represent a safety/security hazard.
ii. Asphalt or gravel pavement or crushed, tumbled glass.
iii. Adjacent unscreened parking lots.
iv. Adjacent chain link fences without a minimum three-foot-wide landscape screen with appropriate plantings. See subsection (Z) of this section.
v. Adjacent “blank walls” (see EMC 18.20.050, B definitions) without “blank wall treatment” per subsection (AA) of this section.
vi. Any similar features to subsections (S)(3)(c)(i) through (iv) of this section, deemed by the city to be inappropriate.
T. Vehicular Access and Parking.
1. Access Roads.
a. Intent.
i. Mitigate traffic impacts.
ii. Create a safe, convenient network for vehicle circulation and parking.
b. Design Principles.
i. Provide access roads through large lots with more than one street frontage.
c. Implementing Measures. The city may require all development projects on properties which front on two streets to provide vehicular access between the streets. The required access may be part of the parking lot/site circulation, but parking, other than parallel parking, fronting directly on the street shall be prohibited. Location of ingress to and egress from the access shall be as approved by the city.
2. Incentives to Reduce Number of Surface Parking Stalls.
a. Intent.
i. Allow reductions in number of parking stalls.
ii. Allow more efficient land utilization.
iii. Reduce impacts of parking.
iv. Provide convenient access to buildings.
v. Reduce curb cuts, making the street front safer for pedestrians and reducing traffic congestion.
vi. Encourage shared driveway access to parking areas and parking, between adjacent properties.
vii. Encourage shared parking facilities between adjacent compatible land uses.
b. Design Principles. Minimize parking areas through joint use and management. Pursuant to Edgewood Municipal Code, the city may allow the overall parking ratio to be reduced if, through a quantified parking demand analysis, it can be demonstrated that the uses on parcels with shared parking are consistent with the requirements of Edgewood city ordinances and the following:
i. A reduction of 10 percent of the required parking is possible with coordinated design and shared access to consolidated parking areas linked by pedestrian walkways. See Figure 14.
ii. Multiple parcels be treated as a single development site if all owners sign an agreement. (This may provide advantages in the design review process.)
iii. In accordance with Edgewood Municipal Code, the requirement for primarily nighttime uses such as theater, bowling alleys, and restaurants may be supplied by parking serving primarily daytime uses such as banks, offices and retail stores.
iv. A written agreement shall be required for off-site parking areas within 500 feet of the associated uses, as long as a pedestrian walkway exists or is provided between parking and uses.
v. Parking ratios may be reduced if the property/business owner has an approved commuter trip reduction program incorporating transit and carpools.
vi. Parking ratios if development is within 500 feet of residential development or transit.
U. Vehicle Entrances and Driveways.
1. Intent. To provide safe, convenient access to commercial sites without diminishing pedestrian and visual qualities.
2. Design Principles.
a. Minimize Driveway Impacts. Parking lot entrances, driveways and other vehicle access routes onto private property from a public right-of-way shall be restricted to no more than one entrance lane, one exit lane and one turn lane per 300 linear feet of property line as measured horizontally along the street face. Properties with less than 300 linear feet of street frontage shall be limited to one entry and one exit lane for vehicle access. Driveway lanes crossing a public sidewalk shall be no wider than 13 feet, zero inches wide per entry, exit lane or turn lane. The city may impose additional restrictions to parking lot and vehicle access point location to reduce impacts to public safety, pedestrian movement, on-street vehicle circulation and visual qualities.
i. Exceptions.
(A) The city may permit additional driveways or vehicle access lanes if such a driveway allows parking lot design that reduces the traffic and visual impacts of the parking lot.
(B) Corner lots may have one entrance per street provided the owner proves to the satisfaction of the city manager or designee that they are unable to arrange joint access with an abutting property.
ii. The following are encouraged:
(A) Driveways on adjacent development sites are encouraged to be located at least 300 feet from one another or more for access control. By maintaining this spacing, the number of curb cuts should be kept to a minimum and thereby contribute to the reduction of local traffic impacts.
(B) To allow for vehicular access, driveways are encouraged to be shared by two or more adjacent properties.
(C) Vehicular access to corner lots shall be located on the lowest classified roadway and as close as practical to the property line most distant from the intersection. Location of vehicle access to streets shall be subject to street engineering standards. By encouraging vehicular access to be on a side street to an arterial, and as far as possible from the intersection, potential conflicts with traffic should be reduced.
V. Building Design.
1. Human Scale.
a. Intent. Encourage buildings that are comfortable by relating building elements to the size of the human body.
b. Design Principles.
i. Incorporate human-scale building elements.
ii. All new buildings and major exterior remodels must employ at least two of the following elements or techniques toward achieving a “human scale” (see EMC 18.20.110, H definitions). If a proposed building is over one story in height, or more than 100 feet wide as measured along any facade facing a street and visible from that street, then the building shall use at least three of the following implementing measures:
(A) Balconies or decks in upper stories, at least one balcony or deck per upper floor on the facades facing streets. Balconies shall be at least four feet deep and 10 feet wide.
(B) Bay windows that extend out from the building face.
(C) At least 150 square feet of pedestrian-oriented space that meets the standards stated in subsection (S)(3)(a) of this section.
(D) Individual windows, generally less than 32 square feet per pane and separated from other windows by at least a six-inch molding.
(E) A porch.
(F) Spatially defining building elements that define an occupiable space such as a trellis, overhang, canopy or other.
(G) Upper story setbacks, providing the upper story is set back from the face of the building at least six feet.
(H) Composing smaller building elements near the entry or street fronts of large buildings as in the example in Figure 15.
(I) The city may consider other methods to provide human-scaled elements not specifically listed here. The proposed methods must satisfy the intent of the design principles.
Note: All proposals for achieving human scale are subject to approval by the city.
W. Architectural Scale.
1. Intent. To encourage development, architectural size and character which will be compatible with the defined community character.
2. Design Principles. Roof pitch (see Figure 16).
a. Roofs with slope of less than four feet vertical to 12 feet horizontal are prohibited.
b. Reduce scale of large buildings. All new buildings over one story, or over 10,000 square feet in gross building footprint, shall provide along their facades visible from public right-of-way and pedestrian routes and entries three or more of the following items (i) through (vi):
i. Horizontal Building Modulation. Horizontal building modulation is the stepping back or projecting forward of portions of a building facade within the specified intervals of a building width and depth as a means of lessening the apparent bulk of a structure's continuous exterior wall (see Figure 19). Buildings may satisfy the regulation for architectural scale if all building facades within 400 feet of a public right-of-way or park, and/or visible from that right-of-way or park, conform to the following standards:
(A) The maximum width (as measured horizontally along the buildings exterior) without building modulation shall be 100 feet.
(B) The minimum depth of modulation shall be 10 feet.
(C) Roof decks or balconies may be used as all or part of the building modulation so long as each individual balcony has a floor area of 100 square feet. (See Figure 20, for illustration of facade modulation standard.)
ii. Modulated Roof Line. Buildings may satisfy the regulation by modulating the roof line of all facades visible from a public right-of-way or park according to the following standards:
(A) Gable, hipped or shed roofs with a slope of at least four feet vertical to 12 feet horizontal qualify for this option.
(B) Other Roof Forms. Other roof forms such as arched, vaulted, dormer or gambrel may satisfy this design principle if the individual segments of the roof without a change in slope or discontinuity are less than 100 feet in width (measured horizontally).
iii. Building “articulation” with design elements such as the following, so long as the interval does not exceed 100 feet (see Figure 18).
(A) Repeating distinctive window patterns at intervals equal to the articulation interval.
(B) Providing a porch, patio, deck, or covered entry for each interval.
(C) Providing a balcony or bay window for each interval.
(D) Changing the roofline by alternating dormers, stepped roofs, gables, or other roof elements to reinforce the modulation or articulation interval (see Figure 17).
(E) Changing materials with a change in building plane.
(F) Providing a lighting fixture, trellis, tree or other landscape feature within each interval (see Figure 22).
iv. Clustering smaller uses and activities around entrances on street-facing facades.
v. Including massing of substantial landscaping and/or pedestrian-oriented spaces along the building facade.
vi. The city may consider other methods to provide architectural scaled elements not specifically listed in subsections (W)(2)(b)(i) through (v) of this section. The proposed methods must satisfy the intent of the design principles. Scale reduction can be accomplished by a combination of methods. Buildings not facing public rights-of-way and/or pedestrian routes do not require scale reduction. Note that the city may increase the 100-foot interval for modulation and articulation to better match surrounding structures.
vii. All proposals for achieving architectural scale are subject to approval by the city.
X. Building Corners.
1. Intent. Encourage unique, identifiable architectural features at highly visible building corners.
2. Design Principles. Architecturally accentuate building corners at street intersections. All new buildings located on properties at the intersection of two public streets are encouraged to employ one or more of the following design elements or treatments to the building corner facing the intersection. Any of the following implementing measures may count as required elements to satisfy design principles for architectural scale, human scale and building details.
a. Provide at least 100 square feet of sidewalk area or pedestrian-oriented space in addition to the otherwise required building setback. Upper stories may or may not be set back from the corner.
b. Provide a corner entrance to courtyard, building lobby, atrium, or pedestrian pathway.
c. Include a corner architectural element such as:
i. Bay window or turret.
ii. Roof deck or balconies on upper stories.
iii. Building core setback “notch” or curved facade surfaces.
iv. Sculpture or artwork either bas-relief, figurative or distinctive use of materials subject to administrative review.
d. Special treatment of pedestrian weather protection canopy at the corner of the building.
e. Other similar treatment or element approved by the city.
Y. Building Details.
1. Intent. To ensure that buildings are interesting at all observable distances.
2. Design Principles. Enhance buildings with appropriate details. When buildings are seen from a distance, the most noticeable qualities are the overall form and color. A three-story commercial building that is 100 feet wide and 35 feet tall, must be observed at least 200 feet away in order for the building to fit within a person's cone of vision so that its overall shape can be perceived. At that distance, windows, doors and other major features are clearly visible. However, within 60 feet to 80 feet from the building (approximately the distance across a typical downtown street) a person notices not so much the building's overall form as its individual elements. Closer, the most important aspects of a building are its design details, texture of materials, quality of its finishes and small, decorative elements. In a business area, it is essential that buildings and their contents be attractive up close. Therefore, these design principles include principles and regulations which require all buildings to incorporate design details and small scale elements into their facades. All new buildings shall include on the facades that face a public street, park, or pedestrian route at least three of the following:
a. Decorative rooflines such as an ornamental molding, entablature, frieze or other roofline device visible from the ground level. If the roofline decoration is in the form of a linear molding or board, then the bank must be at least eight inches wide.
b. Decorative treatment of windows and doors such as a decorative moldings, framing details, decorative glazing, or door designs, around all ground floor windows or doors located on facades facing or adjacent to public streets or parks.
c. Decorative railings, grill work or landscape guards.
d. Landscaped trellises and arbors.
e. Decorative light fixtures with a diffuse visible light source such as a globe or “acorn” that is nonglaring or a decorative shade or mounting.
f. Decorative building materials, including the following:
i. Decorative masonry, shingle, brick or stone;
ii. Individualized patterns or continuous wood details such as fancy butt shingles in a geometric pattern, decorative moldings, brackets, wave trim or lattice work, ceramic tile, stone, glass block, carrera glass, or similar materials;
iii. Other materials with decorative or textural qualities as approved by the city. The applicant must submit architectural drawings and material samples for approval.
g. Decorative Paving or Artwork. The artwork may be freestanding or attached to the building, and may be in the form of mosaic mural, bas-relief sculpture, light sculpture, water sculpture, fountain, freestanding sculpture, art in pavement or other similar artwork. Painted murals or graphics on signs or awnings do not qualify. All artwork used to satisfy this condition is subject to approval by the city. Avoid the use of building features or design elements which overemphasize corporate themes, or logos, or colors which stand above the community context without adding functional or aesthetic value to the building context.
h. Carved wooden signs approved by the city.
i. Other similar features or treatment approved by the city.
j. All proposed methods for satisfying this design principle are subject to city approval.
Z. Materials.
1. Intent. Encourage the use of high-quality, compatible materials that upgrade the visual qualities of commercial areas of Edgewood.
2. Design Principles.
a. Use compatible building materials.
i. Detail Requirements for Metal Siding.
(A) If metal is used as a siding material of a building's facade, the metal siding must have a matte finish in a neutral or earth tone such as buff, gray, beige, tan, cream, white or a dulled color such as barn-red, blue-gray, burgundy or ocher. If metal is used over 25 percent of the building facade, then the building design must include the following elements:
(1) Visible window and door trim painted or finished in a complimentary color.
(2) Corner and edge trim that cover exposed edges of the sheet metal panels.
ii. Requirements for Concrete Block Walls.
(A) If concrete blocks (concrete masonry units or “cinder blocks”) are used for walls that are visible from a public street, park, or pedestrian route then the concrete block construction must be architecturally treated in one or more of following ways:
(1) Use of textured blocks with surfaces such as split face or grooved.
(2) Use of other masonry types such as brick, glass block, stone or tile in conjunction with concrete blocks.
(3) Use of decorative coursing to break up large wall areas.
(4) Use of veneer materials such as horizontal lap siding, board and batten, half log siding or stucco.
iii. Prohibited Materials. The following materials are prohibited in visible locations unless an exception is granted by the city.
(A) Mirrored glass.
(B) Corrugated fiberglass and corrugated/crenellated metal siding and similar materials.
(C) Crushed colored rock/glass slag.
(D) T-111 or similar materials.
iv. Chain link fencing (except for temporary purposes such as a construction site) along any street frontage within the Commercial zone shall have a minimum three-foot deep area to be planted in such a way as to camouflage the fencing.
AA. Blank Walls.
1. Intent.
a. Reduce the visual impact of large, undifferentiated wall.
b. Reduce the apparent size of large walls through the use of various architectural and landscaping treatments (see Figure 23-A).
2. Design Principles.
a. All blank walls (as defined in EMC 18.20.050, B definitions) (see Figure 23) within 50 feet of the street right-of-way, park or adjacent lot and visible from that street, park or adjacent lot shall be treated in one or more of the following:
a. Implementing Measures.
i. Installing a vertical trellis in front of the wall with climbing vines or plant materials.
ii. Providing a landscaped planting bed at least five feet wide or raised planter bed at least two feet high and three feet wide in front of the wall, and planting with plant materials that obscure or screen at least 50 percent of the wall's surface within three years.
iii. Providing artwork (mosaic, mural, sculpture, relief, etc.) over at least 50 percent of the blank wall surface. All artwork shall be maintained in good condition by the property owner.
iv. Other method as approved by the city.
3. All of the proposed methods are subject to city approval. Applicant must submit architectural plans and elevations showing proposed treatments for approval. The city may waive the requirement for blank wall treatment where the requirements conflict with the fire code regulations.
BB. Mechanical Equipment and Service Areas.
1. Intent. Minimize adverse visual, olfactory or auditory impacts of mechanical equipment and service areas.
2. Design Principles.
a. Locate and/or screen roof-mounted mechanical equipment so as not to be visible from the street, from the ground level of adjacent properties or from adjacent residential areas at higher elevations. The screening should be done so that it blends with the architecture of the building.
b. Locate and/or screen utility meters, electrical conduit and other service and utilities apparatus so as not to be visible from the street.
c. This is intended to include public utilities along the street, where feasible.
CC. Safety.
1. Intent. Promote building designs which increase safety of employees, residents and visitors.
2. Design Principles. Building design should allow for “informal surveillance” of exterior semi-public and public area including play areas, open spaces, pathways, and parking lots.
3. Implementing Measures.
a. Areas such as laundry rooms and fitness rooms shall incorporate windows to increase visibility.
b. Doors to stairways, parking and similar areas shall have security viewing windows or peepholes to allow users to see through to the other side.
c. Increase personal safety by considering the following in the design of building entries.
d. Avoid hidden building entries and ensure good sight lines into entries.
e. Sufficiently light inset doorways and alcoves.
DD. Landscape and Site Design.
1. Landscape Concept.
a. Intent. Define plant species which are attractive, provide multi-seasonal interest, of low maintenance, resistant to drought and otherwise appropriate for conditions within the business district.
b. Design Principles. Develop a site landscape design concept. The landscaping concept should be suitable and fitting with the character of Edgewood as a community bordering rural and agricultural areas. Existing substantive vegetation and native materials in informal plantings and arrangements should be considered in the concept. More structured or formal landscaping may be allowed where it is necessary to control planting due to limited space.
c. Implementing Measures. At a minimum, the landscape concept should include the following elements:
i. A unified pedestrian circulation system with amenities and plantings.
ii. A coordinated system of open spaces and/or planted areas that provide the required pedestrian areas. The plan should indicate how the various spaces and plantings relate to and achieve the project's site design objectives of continuity, variety, activity, etc.
iii. Plantings and/or site features that enhance the buildings' architectural qualities.
iv. In addition, the concept shall consider the following landscape design objectives where appropriate:
(A) Coordinate selection of plant material to provide a succession of blooms, seasonal color and a variety of texture.
(B) Provide a transition in landscaping design between adjacent sites, within a site and from native vegetation areas in order to achieve greater continuity.
(C) Design landscaping to create definition between public and private (residential) spaces.
(D) Design landscaping to provide a transition between built structures (vertical planes) and the site (horizontal planes).
(E) Use plantings to highlight significant site features and to define the function of the site, including parking, circulation, entries and open space.
EE. Preferred Plant Materials for Right-of-Way.
1. Intent.
a. Encourage the use of hardy, attractive and easily maintained plant material that provides multi-seasonal interest and is appropriate height to avoid overhead wires.
b. Provide visual continuity by using plant materials from a specified plant list of a limited number of varieties and species.
c. Encourage the use of trees and shrubs as an important unifying element within the commercial areas to strengthen the image and continuity of the streetscape.
2. Design Principles.
a. Plantings along the frontage shall be coordinated to unify the roadway image.
b. Selected plant materials from the city of Edgewood's list of trees and shrubs shall be used to satisfy landscape requirements to provide visual continuity along the roadway.
c. The following is a list of plant materials that are approved for use in commercial areas of Edgewood. Proponents may use other plant materials approved by the city.
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Street Trees: Trees shall be a minimum 1.75-inch caliper, six feet tall to the first branch. |
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Deciduous Trees |
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NO POWER LINES |
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5 to 6 feet wide |
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Japanese Angelica |
Aralia elata |
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Pillar Crabapple |
Malus tschonoskii |
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Crape-Myrtle |
Lagerstroemia indica |
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Hornbeam |
Carpinus betulus, Carpinus caroliniana |
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Japanese Tree-Lilac |
Syringa reticulata |
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Star Magnolia (tree form) |
Magnolia stellata tree form |
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Amur Maple |
Acer ginnala tree form |
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Trident Maple |
Acer buergeranum |
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Eastern Redbud |
Cercis canadensis |
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Russian Olive |
Eleagnus angustifolia |
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Callery Pear |
Pyrus calleryana, not ‘Bradford' |
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Sourwood |
Oxydendrum arboreum |
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Serviceberry |
Amelanchier sp., tree form |
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Skyrocket Juniper |
Juniperus ‘Skyrocket', other narrow upright forms |
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Pyranmidal Arborvitae |
Thuja occidentalis ‘Pyranidalis' |
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Chinese Windmill Palm |
Trachycarpus fortunei |
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NO POWER LINES |
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over 6 feet wide |
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American Ash |
Fraxinus americana |
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Caucasian Ash |
Fraxinus oxycarpa, F.o. ‘Flame', ‘Raywood' |
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Flowering Ash |
Fraxinus ornus |
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Green Ash |
Fraxinus pennsylvanica |
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Kousa Dogwood |
Cornus kousa |
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Evergreen Magnolia |
Magnolia grandifora |
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Kobus Magnolia |
Magnolia korbus |
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Yulan Magnolia |
Magnolia denudata |
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Fruitless Mulberry |
Morus Fruitless cultivars |
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Pissard Plum |
Prunus cerasifera ‘Pissardii' |
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Chinese Quince |
Pseudocydonia sinensis |
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Carolina Silverbell |
Halesia monticola, Halesia carolinina |
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American Smoke Tree |
Cotinus obovatus |
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Stewartias |
Stewartia monadelpha, Stewartia pseudocamellia |
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Swedish Whitebeam |
Sorbus aria |
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Finnish Whitebeam |
Sorbus intermedia |
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Highclere Holly |
Ilex x altaclarensis |
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Cork Oak |
Quercus suber |
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Holly Oak |
Quercus ilex |
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Tanoak |
Lithocarpus densiflora |
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NO POWER LINES |
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over 8 feet wide |
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Italian Alder |
Alnus cordata |
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Antarctic Beech |
Nothofagus antarctica, N. dombeyi, N. obliqua |
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Jacquemont Birch |
Betula utilis var. jacquemontii |
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Disease-resistant Crabtree |
Malus sp. (taller growing varieties) |
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Eucommia |
Eucommia ulmoides |
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Euodia |
Tetradium daniellii |
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Hackberry |
Celtis occidentialis |
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Honeylocust |
Gleditsia triacanthos ‘Inermis' |
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Linden, Basswood |
Tilias: cordata, tomentosa, euchlora, heterophylla |
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Golden Locust |
Robinia pseudoacacia ‘Frisia' |
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Idaho Locust |
Robinia ‘Idaho' |
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Maackia |
Maackia amurensis, Maackia chinensis |
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Bigleaf Magnolias |
Magnolia tripetala, Magnolia fraseri |
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Silverleaf Magnolia |
Magnolia hypoleuca |
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Montpelier Maple |
Acer monspessulanum |
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Pacific Sunset, Norwegian Sunset Maples |
Acer x ‘Pacific Sunset', ‘Norwegian Sunset' |
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Striped-bark Maples |
Acer capillipes, A. davidii, A. hersii, A. rufinerve |
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Water Oak |
Quercus nigra |
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Phellodendron |
Phellodendron amurense |
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Pagoda Tree |
Sophora japonica |
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Sassafrass |
Sassafras albidum |
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Silk Tree |
Albizzia julibrissin |
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Tupelo |
Nyssa sylvatica |
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Yellowwood |
Cladrastis kentukea (Cladrastis lutea) |
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Zelkova |
Zelkova serrata |
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Oregon Myrtle |
Umbellularia californica |
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Bamboo-leafed Oak |
Quercus myrsinifolia |
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Japanese Red Pine |
Pinus densiflora |
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Japanese Umbrella Pine |
Sciadopitys verticillata |
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Scots Pine |
Pinus sylvestris |
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Shore Pine, Lodgepole Pine |
Pinus contorta var. contorta, var. latifolia |
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NO POWER LINES |
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over 10 feet wide |
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Bowhall Maple |
Acer rubrum “Bowhall” |
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Pacific Sunset Maple |
Acer rubrum “Pacific Sunset” |
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Autumn Blaze Maple |
Acer rubrum “Autumn Blaze” |
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Sweetgum |
Liquidambar styraciflua |
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Flowering Pear |
Pyrus calleryana “aristocrat” |
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Chancellor Linden |
Cordata “Chancellor” |
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Redspire Pear |
Pyrus calleryana “Redspire” Acer rubrum “Bowhall” |
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Beech |
Fagus grandifolia, Fagus sylvatica and various forms |
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Chinese Paper Birch |
Betula albo-sinensis var. septentrionalis |
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Paper Birch |
Betula papyrifera |
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River Birch, Yellow Birch |
Betula nigra, Betula alleghaniensis |
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Ginkgo |
Ginkgo biloba |
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Coliseum Maple |
Acer cappadocicum |
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Hedge Maple |
Acer campestre |
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Norway Maple |
Acer platanoides |
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Sugar Maple, Red Maple |
Acer saccharum, rubrum |
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Sycamore Maple |
Acer pseudoplatanus |
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Oaks: Pin, Red, Scarlet |
Quercus palustris, Q. rubra, Q. coccinea |
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Shingle Oak |
Quercus imbricaria |
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Shumard Oak |
Quercus shumardii |
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Willow Oak |
Quercus phellos |
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Incense Cedar |
Calocedrus decurrens |
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Cryptomeria |
Cryptomeria joponica |
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Lawson Cypresses |
Chamaecyparis lawsoniana – many cultivars |
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Sawara Cypress |
Chamaecyparis pisifera ‘Plumosa', ‘Squarrosa' |
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Dawn Redwood |
Metasequoia glyptostroboides |
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Greek Fir |
Abies cephalonica |
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Spanish Fir |
Abies pinsapo |
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Norway Spruce |
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