CHAPTER 4
INTERPRETATION OF CODE PROVISIONS

1.4.002 Liberal Construction.

The provisions of this Code shall be construed, and all proceedings under it shall be undertaken, to affect its objects and further its purposes and to promote justice.

1.4.004 Effect of Headings.

Title, chapter, article and section headings do not govern, limit, modify or affect the scope, meaning or intent of this Code.

1.4.006 Area of Application.

This Code refers only to the omission or commission of acts within the territorial limits of the City and to that territory outside of the City over which the City has jurisdiction or control by the Constitution, law or ownership or control of property.

1.4.008 Acts of Deputies.

Where this Code grants a power to a public officer or employee or imposes a duty on him/her, the power may be exercised or the duty performed by his/her deputy or employee or by any person authorized by law or ordinance, unless the Code specifically provides otherwise.

1.4.010 Effect on Prior Proceedings or Rights.

No action or proceeding begun before this Code takes effect, and no right accrued, is affected by its provisions.

1.4.012 Continuation of Similar Existing Law.

Where they are substantially the same as existing law, the provisions of this Code shall be considered continuations of existing law and shall not be considered new enactments.

1.4.014 Severability.

If any section, subsection, paragraph, sentence, clause, or phrase of this Code is held unconstitutional or otherwise invalid for any reason by a court of competent jurisdiction, that holding shall not affect the validity or constitutionality of the remainder of this Code. The City Council declares that it would have adopted this Code and each section, subsection, sentence, clause or phrase thereof irrespective of the fact that any one or more sections, subsections, sentences, clauses or phrases are declared unconstitutional or invalid.

1.4.016 No Imposition of Mandatory Duty.

This Code shall not be construed to impose on the City, its officers, employees or agents any greater liability than that required by law. The use of the word "shall" in any provision of this Code is not intended to impose upon the City, its officers, employees or agents a mandatory duty of care toward persons or property within the City so as to provide a basis of civil liability for damages. This Code specifically preserves all immunities provided under the law to a public entity, its officers, employees and agents.