Article 2
Definition of Terms

§14-201 Rules of Interpretation.

1.    For the purpose of this Chapter, the terms and words listed in this Section shall have the meaning herein defined. Words not herein defined shall have the meanings given in Webster’s Unabridged Dictionary (most recent edition) and shall be interpreted so as to give this Chapter its most reasonable application.

2.    For the purpose of this Chapter, the following rules of interpretation shall apply:

A.    Words in the present tense include the future tense.

B.    Words in the singular include the plural and words in the plural include the singular.

C.    The words “used” and “occupied” as applied to any land or buildings shall be construed to include the words “or intended, arranged or designed to be used or to be occupied, or offered for occupancy.”

D.    The term “such as” shall be considered as introducing a typical or illustrative designation of items, and shall not be interpreted as constituting a complete list.

E.    The words “person” and “owner” shall be deemed to include a firm, company, corporation, unincorporated association, organization, trust and a partnership, or other legal entity, as well as an individual.

F.     The words “building” and “structure” shall be construed as if followed by the phrase “or part thereof.”

G.    The word “lot” includes the words “plot” and “parcel.”

H.    The word “water body” includes lake, pond, dammed water and water-filled quarry.

I.    The word “watercourse” includes channel, creek, ditch, dry run, spring, stream, and river.

J.    The word “erect” shall mean to build, construct, alter, repair, display, relocate, attach, hang, place, suspend, affix, or maintain any structure or building and shall also include the painting of exterior wall signs.

K.    The term “shall” is always mandatory; the terms “may” and “should” are permissive.

(Ord. 2008-1, 6/9/2008, §201)

§14-202 Terms Defined.

Other terms or words used herein shall be interpreted or defined as follows:

Access drive–an open space of not less than the width required herein which provides vehicular access from a street or private road to the main building on a lot.

Accessory apartment–a second dwelling unit either in or added to an existing single-family detached dwelling, or in a separate accessory structure on the same lot as the principal building, for use as a complete, independent living facility with provision within the accessory apartment for cooking, eating, sanitation, and sleeping. Such a dwelling is an accessory use to the principal building, and is permitted only for occupancy of a relative of the owner-occupant of the principal dwelling, and for only as long as the relative is in residence in the unit.

Accessory building–see “building, accessory.”

Accessory structure–see “structure, accessory.”

Accessory use–see “use, accessory.”

Active play area–an area designed and constructed for outdoor recreational use including playground equipment such as slides, swings and climbing apparatus.

Agricultural operation–an enterprise that is actively engaged in the commercial production and preparation for market of crops, livestock, and livestock products and in the production, harvesting, and preparation for market or use of agricultural, agronomic, horticultural, silvicultural, and aquacultural crops and commodities. The term includes an enterprise that implements changes in production practices and procedures or types of crops, livestock, livestock products, or commodities produced consistent with practices and procedures that are normally engaged by farmers or are consistent with technological development within the agricultural industry.

Agriculture–the cultivation of the soil for food products or other marketable products, not including animal husbandry or storage and/or processing of products grown on other premises.

Alley–a public thoroughfare (less than 20 feet in width), other than a street, which affords only a secondary means of access to abutting property and is not intended for general traffic circulation.

Alteration–any enlargement of the total floor area of a building, any enclosure by adding walls beneath a previously roofed area, any extension of a roof line to cover additional lot area not previously covered, or any construction which increases the cubic content of a building.

Alteration, structural–any change in the supporting members of a building, such as bearing walls, columns, beams or girders.

Amendment–a change in use in a district that includes revisions to the zoning text and/or the Official Zoning Map. The authority for any amendment lies solely with the Borough Council.

Amusement arcade–a commercial establishment that provides as a principal use, amusement devices and/or video games of skill or chance (e.g., pinball machines, video games, firing ranges, and other similar devices). This definition does not include the use of two or less such devices as an accessory use.

Animal equivalent unit (AEU)–one thousand pounds live weight of livestock and/or poultry animals, regardless of the actual number of animals that comprise the unit. For purposes of administering this Chapter, the reference table of standard animal weights shall be used to calculate animal equivalent units. (See Appendix 27-A).

Animal hospital–a building used for the treatment, housing, or boarding of small domestic animals such as dogs, cats, rabbits, and birds or fowl by a veterinarian.

Animal husbandry–the raising, breeding, keeping or care of farm animals, livestock or insects for meat by-products or other utility, which is intended as a business or gainful occupation.

Animal husbandry, intensive–see “intensive agricultural operation.”

Animal husbandry, non-intensive–any animal operation that does not qualify as an intensive agricultural operation.

Antenna–any system of wires, poles, rods, reflecting discs, or similar devices used for the transmission or reception of electromagnetic waves, which system is external to or attached to the exterior of any building. Antennas shall include devices having active elements extending in any direction, and directional beam-type arrays having elements carried by and disposed from a generally horizontal boom that may be mounted upon and rotated through a vertical mast or tower interconnecting the boom and antenna support, all of which elements are deemed to be a part of the antenna. The height of an antenna shall be the total maximum to which it is capable of being raised and shall be measured from the highest point of the finished grade adjacent to the structure if ground-mounted or adjacent to the principal structure if roof-mounted. (See “communications antenna.”)

Antique business–a business for purchase and sale at retail of antiques. Specifically excluded are flea markets, multiple antique dealer ventures, and garage sales of a permanent or quasi-permanent nature, except as are authorized by the Borough for charitable institutions or civic organizations for nonprofit fund raising purposes as otherwise may be provided by laws of the Borough.

Apartment–a dwelling unit for rent or lease, which is either accessory to a principal use or one of three or more dwelling units in an apartment building, and which provides separate, independent living, and sanitary facilities for one family or individual, including provisions for cooking and sleeping. Where such a unit contains no specific bedroom area, it shall be deemed an efficiency apartment and regulated as all other apartment dwelling units.

Apartment, conversion–an apartment created within a single-family dwelling, where said conversion is done without altering the exterior of the building except to provide improvements necessary to comply with existing state or local health, sanitary, or safety code specifications which are solely necessary to assure safe living conditions.

Apartment building–a building consisting of three or more dwelling units.

Applicant–a landowner or developer, as hereinafter defined, who has filed an application for development, including his heirs, successors, and assigns.

Application for development–every application, whether preliminary, tentative or final, required to be filed and approved prior to start of construction or development including but not limited to, an application for a building permit, for the approval of a subdivision, plat or plan or for the approval of a development plan.

Appointing authority–Borough Council.

Authority–a body politic and corporate created pursuant to the Act of May 2, 1945, P.L. 382, No. 164, known as the “Municipality Authorities Act of 1945.”

Automobile–a self-propelled, free-moving vehicle, primarily for conveyance on a street or roadway.

Automobile service station–see “vehicle service station.”

Automobile body shop–see “vehicle body shop.”

Automobile washing center (car wash)–see “vehicle washing center (car wash).”

Basement–a story partly below the finished grade, but having at least one-half of its height (measured from the finished floor to finished ceiling) above the average level of the finished grade where such grade abuts the exterior walls of the building.

Bed and breakfast lodging–see “guest home.”

Berm–an earthen mound designed to create a visual and sound barrier between a use and adjoining properties, streets, and adjacent uses.

Boarding house–a residential building that contains the primary residence of the owner(s)/manager(s) and his family as well as long term housing for a maximum of 15 additional persons. No provisions for cooking shall be allowed in any rooming unit; however, congregate meals may be provided to residents where meals are served family style rather than by ordering individual portions from a menu.

Buffer area–a yard space, adjacent to a property line or building, which contains landscaping and plantings designed to screen, separate and shield a potentially incompatible use from adjoining properties, streets and uses.

Building–a structure that has a roof supported by columns, piers, or walls, which is intended for the shelter, housing, or enclosure of persons, animals, or chattel or which is to house a use of a commercial or manufacturing activity.

Building, attached–a building that has two party walls in common.

Building, detached–a building that has no party walls.

Building, semi-detached–a building that has only one party wall.

Building, accessory–a building detached from and subordinate to the principal building or use on the same lot and used for purposes customarily incidental to the principal building, but not including vehicles, mobile homes, travel trailers, truck trailers, or any parts thereof. An accessory building may not house a principal use nor may it stand alone on a lot as a principal building.

Building, principal–a building in which the principal use of the lot is conducted.

Building area–the total areas of outside dimensions on a horizontal plane at ground level of the principal buildings and all accessory buildings exclusive of cornices, eaves, gutters, or chimneys projecting not more than 18 inches; bay windows not extending more than one story and not projecting more than 5 feet; and steps and balconies.

Building height–the vertical dimensions measured from the average elevation of the finished lot grade at the front of the building to the highest point of ceiling at the top story in the case of a flat roof, to the deck line of a mansard roof and to the average height between the plate and ridge of a gable, hip, or gambrel roof.

Building line (building setback line)–an imaginary line located along and drawn parallel to a wall or other exterior supporting member of a structure or portion thereof, excluding self-supportive projecting architectural features that project 5 feet or less. Minimum yard requirements are applied from the lot lines to said building lines.

Building line (building setback line), required–the line within a property (usually parallel to the right-of-way or property line), defining the required minimum distance between any wall or other exterior supporting member of a structure or portion thereof and the adjacent street right-of-way or property line.

Required front building line–the line nearest the front of and across a lot establishing the minimum open space to be provided between the front line of buildings and structures and the front lot line.

Required side building line–the line nearest the side of and across a lot establishing the minimum open space to be provided between the side line of buildings and structures and the side lot line.

Required rear building line–the line nearest the rear of and across a lot establishing the minimum open space to be provided between the rear line of buildings and structures and the rear lot line.

Building mass–the height, width and depth of a building.

Business–any enterprise, occupation, trade, or profession engaged in, either continuously or temporarily, for profit. The term “business” shall include the occupancy or use of a building or premises or any portion thereof for the transaction of business or the rendering or receiving of professional or personal service.

Business office building–a building used as offices and occupied by personnel to perform business, professional, administrative, or clerical functions.

Business services–includes such uses as banks, credit unions, loan and insurance agencies, utility offices, government, business and professional offices, medical or dental office facilities.

Campground–a parcel of land upon which two or more campsites are located, established or maintained for occupancy by camping units of the general public as temporary living quarters for recreation, education, or vacation purposes and where acceptable sanitary facilities are provided for each campsite or for the campground as a whole. Camping units that are not occupied on a daily basis shall not be stored in areas reserved as campsites but may be stored in designated areas elsewhere in the campground. Floodplain areas shall not be utilized for sanitary facilities or camping unit storage.

Camping units–any tent, travel or camping trailer, truck camper, motor home, cabin, or similar structure established or maintained and operated in a campground as temporary living quarters for recreation, education, or vacation purposes. A dwelling unit located on the campground and occupied by the owner or manager of the campground shall not be considered a camping unit.

Carport–see “garage, private.”

Car wash–see “vehicle washing center.”

Cellar–a story partly below the finished grade having at least one-half of its height (measuring from finished floor to finished ceiling) below the average level of the adjoining finished grade where such grade abuts the exterior walls of the building. A cellar shall not be considered a story in determining the permissible number of stories.

Cemetery–land used or intended to be used for the burial of the deceased, including columbariums, crematoria, mausoleums, and mortuaries when operated in conjunction with the cemetery and within the boundaries thereof.

Center line of street of road–a line midway between and parallel to the two street or road property lines, or as otherwise defined by the Borough Council.

Certificate of zoning compliance–a certificate issued by the Zoning Officer upon completion of construction of a new building or upon a change or conversion of a structure or use of a building. This document certifies that the applicant has complied with any and all requirements and regulations provided herein and all other applicable requirements. This certificate is also utilized for registration of nonconforming uses of land or nonconforming uses of land and structures in combination.

Change of use–an alteration of a building or a change of use theretofore existing within a building or on a lot to a new use which imposes other provisions of this Chapter.

Church and related uses–a building, structure or group of buildings or structures, including accessory uses, designed or intended for public worship. This definition shall include rectories, convents, and church-related educational and/or day-care facilities.

Clear sight triangle–an area of unobstructed vision at street intersections defined by lines of sight between points at a given distance from the intersection of the street center line.

Clinic–an individual building or cluster of buildings (or a lot in single or common ownership) operated by one or more licensed medical or dental practitioners for the purpose of providing medical or dental treatment to the public on an outpatient basis.

Club, nonprofit–buildings or facilities owned and/or operated by a corporation, association or persons for a social, educational, or recreational purpose; but not primarily for profit or to render a service that is customarily carried on as a business. A nonprofit club shall not include churches, synagogues, or other places of worship.

Club, private–an organization catering exclusively to members and their guests, or premises or buildings for social, recreational, and administrative purposes which are not conducted for profit, provided there are not conducted any vending stands, merchandising, or commercial activities except as required for the membership of such club. Clubs shall include but not be limited to, service and political organizations, labor unions, as well as social and athletic clubs. Private clubs shall not include adult-related facilities as defined herein.

Cluster development–a development design option that allows the minimum lot areas and yard requirements to be reduced so that buildings and lots can be grouped together in a more efficient and environmentally sensitive configuration, provided that the remaining area is set aside and preserved as common open space.

CMU development–the dwelling units, residential accessory uses, recreational uses, commercial uses, and associated structures installed or to be installed upon a CMU development tract in accordance with the provisions of Article 17A of this Chapter. [Ord. 2010-1]

CMU development tract–the land, which may be comprised of one or more lots and which contains not less than 500 acres, which is proposed to be developed as a single, unified CMU development in accordance with the provisions of Article 17A of this Chapter. [Ord. 2010-1]

Commercial message–any sign wording, logo, or other representation that, directly or indirectly, names, advertises, or calls attention to a business, product, service, or other commercial activity.

Commercial use–a use of land or improvements thereto for the purpose of engaging in retail, wholesale, or service activities for profit.

Common open space–a parcel or parcels of land or an area of water, or a combination of land and water within a development site and designed and intended for the use or enjoyment of residents of a development, not including streets, off-street parking areas, and areas set aside for public facilities.

Communications antenna–any device used for the transmission or reception of radio, television, wireless telephone, pager, commercial mobile radio service, or any other wireless communications signals including, without limitation, omnidirectional or whip antennas and directional or panel antennas, owned or operated by any person or entity licensed by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to operate such device. This definition shall not include private residence mounted satellite dishes or television antennas or amateur radio equipment including, without limitation, ham or citizen band radio antennas.

Communications equipment building–an unmanned building or cabinet containing communications equipment required for the operation of communications antennas and covering an area on the ground not greater than 250 square feet.

Communications tower–a structure other than a building, such as a monopole, self-supporting or guyed tower, designed and used to support communications antennas.

Comprehensive Plan–the Comprehensive Plan adopted by Borough Council pursuant to Article III of the Pennsylvania Municipalities Planning Code, 53 P.S. §10301 et seq., which indicates the general locations recommended for the various functional classes of public works, places and structures and for the general physical development of the Borough, and includes any unit or part of such plan separately adopted and any amendment to such plan or part thereof.

Conditional use–a use specified in the district regulations, which is permitted only if the use complies with specific conditions and criteria prescribed for such uses, the Borough Council of the Borough of Cornwall grants it as a conditional use and allows issuance of a permit by the Zoning Officer pursuant to the provisions of this Chapter.

Condominium–a form of property ownership providing for individual ownership of a specific dwelling unit, or other space not necessarily on ground level, together with an undivided interest in the land or other parts of the structure in common with other owners.

Construction–the building, reconstruction, demolition activities for reconstruction, extension, expansion, alteration, substantial improvement, erection, or relocation of a building or structure, including mobile homes. This shall include the placing and fastening of construction materials in a permanent position. Earth moving activities shall not be deemed construction.

Convenience store–any retail establishment offering for sale prepackaged food products, household items, and other goods commonly associated with the same and having a gross floor area of less than 5,000 square feet. Convenience stores may also provide for any or all of the following as an accessory use:

(1)    The rental of video tapes provided that an adult bookstore is specifically prohibited.

(2)    The preparation and sales of delicatessen sandwiches and foods provided that no patron seating is provided.

(3)    The use of no more than two amusement devices (e.g., pinball machines, video games, and other similar devices).

Convenience stores shall not include the dispensing of gasoline or other vehicle fuels, unless the appropriate approvals for a gasoline station (as defined herein) have been obtained.

Corner lot–see “lot, corner.”

Country club–premises or buildings for social, recreational, and administrative purposes by an organization catering to members and their guests. A country club may include restaurants, banquet halls, golf courses, or other facilities open to the general public.

County–the County of Lebanon, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.

County Planning Department–the Lebanon County Planning Department and its professional staff.

Court–an unoccupied open space, other than a yard, on the same lot with a building, which is bounded on two or more sides by the walls of such building.

Court, inner–a court that does not extend to a street, alley, yard or outer court.

Court, outer–a court that extends to a street, alley, yard or other outer court.

Coverage–see “lot coverage.”

Critical wildlife habitat–those areas that are necessary for the survival of an individual or group of a given species.

Cul-de-sac–a street with a single means of entry and exit. A cul-de-sac has two parts, the stem and the turnaround.

Day care center–a facility in which child care is provided for seven or more children at any one time, for profit or not for profit, where child care areas are not also being used as a family residence. A day care center, if situated on the premises of an operating community service facility including, but not limited to, a public or private school, place of worship, community center or library, and associated with that activity, shall be considered accessory to the principal use of the property concerned. Child care services also may be provided as an accessory use to office, commercial or industrial uses provided that such services are for the sole use of current employees of said business or industry.

Day care facility, adult–a nonresidential premises in which out-of-home care, excluding care provided by relatives, is provided for four or more functionally disabled, elderly adults for parts of a 24-hour day. When such care is situated within an existing health care or nursing home facility, overnight adult care may be provided on a limited basis.

Day care home, family–any family residence, other than the child’s own home, in which child day care is provided as an accessory use in the living areas of the residence. Child day care is provided, for profit or not for profit, to four to six children, who are not relatives of the caregiver.

Day care home, group–any family residence, other than the child’s own home, in which child day care is provided as an accessory use in the living areas of the residence. Child day care is provided, for profit or not for profit, to more than six but less than 12 children, who are not relatives of the caregiver.

DBH–the diameter of a tree at breast height, usually measured 4.5 feet from the ground surface.

Decision–final adjudication of any board or other body granted jurisdiction under any land use ordinance or the MPC to do so, either by reason of the grant of exclusive jurisdiction or by reason of appeals from determinations. All decisions shall be appealable to the court of common pleas of the county and judicial district wherein the municipality lies.

Dedication–the deliberate appropriation of land by its owner for any general and public, or limited public, use, reserving to himself no other rights than such as are compatible with the full exercise and enjoyment of the public uses to which the property has been devoted.

Density–a measure of the number of dwelling units that occupy, or may occupy, an area of land.

Density factors–numerical values applied to residential dwelling unit types for the purpose of computing permitted densities.

Density, gross residential–the number of dwelling units in relation to an area of land actually in use or proposed to be used for residential purposes, excluding public rights-of-way, whether exterior or interior, but including interior parking areas and access lanes, sidewalks, parks, playgrounds, common open spaces, etc. In the case of applications for planned residential development, “gross residential density” is defined as the number of dwelling units per acre, computed by dividing the number of dwelling units proposed by the number of acres in the development exclusive of areas to be devoted to commercial use.

Density, net residential–the number of dwelling units in relation to the land area actually in use or proposed to be used for residential purposes, exclusive of public rights-of-way, streets, sidewalks, parks, playgrounds, common open spaces, etc.

Determination–final action by an officer, body, or agency charged with the administration of any land use ordinance or applications thereunder, except the following:

(1)    The governing body.

(2)    The Zoning Hearing Board.

(3)    The planning agency, only if and to the extent the planning agency is charged with final decision on preliminary or final plans under the subdivision and land development ordinance or planned residential development provisions. Determinations shall be appealable only to the boards designated as having jurisdiction for such appeal.

Developer–any landowner, agent of such landowner, or tenant with the permission of such landowner, who makes or causes to be made a subdivision of land or a land development.

Development–any man-made change to improved or unimproved real estate, including but not limited to buildings, manufactured homes, mobile homes, or other structures, mining, dredging, filling, grading, paving, excavation, or drilling operations.

Development plan–the provisions for development, including a planned residential development, a plat of subdivision, all covenants relating to use, location and bulk of buildings and other structures, intensity of use or density of development, streets, ways, and parking facilities, common open space and public facilities. The phrase “provisions of the development plan” when used in this Chapter shall mean the written and graphic materials referred to in this definition.

District–a portion of the Borough of Cornwall within which certain uniform regulations and requirements or combinations thereof apply under the provisions of this Chapter.

Dog kennel–see “pet kennel.”

Drive-in service place–an establishment that, by design of physical facilities or by service or packaging procedures, encourages, or permits customers to receive a service or obtain a product that may be used or consumed in a motor vehicle on the premises or to be entertained while remaining in a motor vehicle. Accessory services provided for customers which do not require the direct assistance of personnel of the establishment outside of the confines of the building (e.g., self-service gasoline pumps, vending machines, automatic teller machines, etc.) shall not be encompassed in this definition.

Driveway–see “access drive.”

Dwelling, single-family, attached–a building with one dwelling unit from the ground to the roof, located on its own lot, and having two or more party walls in common with two or more other dwelling units. (See “townhouse.”)

Dwelling, single-family, detached–a detached (separate) building designed for or occupied exclusively by one family on an individual lot; however, this shall not include single unit mobile homes that are defined separately.

Dwelling, single-family semi-detached–a building with one dwelling unit from the ground to roof and only one party wall in common with another dwelling unit. Commonly described as a duplex, the semi-detached, single-family dwelling is on an individual lot, is connected on one side to a similar dwelling on an adjacent lot and is usually owner-occupied.

Dwelling, two-family, attached (townhouse or row)–a building used by two families and having two side party walls in common with other dwellings, except in the case of an end-of-row unit that only has one sidewall that is a party or lot-line wall.

Dwelling, two-family, detached–a separate building on an individual lot with two dwelling units from ground to roof (one unit over the other). These units are normally renter-occupied and are not designed for further subdivision.

Dwelling, two-family, semi-detached–a building with two dwelling units from ground to roof (one unit over the other) and only one party wall in common with another, connected to a building which may contain one or two dwelling units. The two-family semi-detached dwelling is on an individual lot, and may be rental or owner occupied.

Dwelling unit–1 or more rooms connected together, constituting a separate, independent housekeeping establishment used for residential occupancy and physically separated from any other room or dwelling units which may be in the same structure, and containing independent cooking and sleeping facilities for 1 family.

Easement–the authorization by a property owner of a right-of-way granted, but not dedicated, for limited use of private land for a public or quasi-public purpose, within which the owner of the property shall not erect any permanent structures, but shall have the right to make any other use of the land which is not inconsistent with the rights of the grantee of the easement.

Echo housing–an additional dwelling unit placed on a property for occupancy by either an elderly, handicapped, or disabled person related by blood, marriage, or adoption, to the occupants of the principal dwelling.

Encroachment–any physical action which may jeopardize the health and longevity of a natural feature, or any structure or activity which in any manner changes the course, current, or cross-section of any wetland, water course, or body of water.

Endangered–a species or subspecies in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range.

Engineer, Borough–the Borough Engineer or any consultant designated by Borough Council to review a subdivision plan and perform the duties of engineer in behalf of the Borough.

Engineer, professional–a person duly licensed as a professional engineer by the State of Pennsylvania.

Environmentally sensitive areas–those areas such as wetlands, high water table areas, rare, threatened or endangered plant communities and species, and steep slope areas that are susceptible to environmental degradation.

Facade–the exterior walls of a building exposed to public view or that wall viewed by persons not within the building.

Family–one or more persons living together as a single, nonprofit housekeeping unit and doing the cooking on the premises; however, this shall not include a group of persons occupying a boarding house, guest home, club, hotel, motel, fraternity or sorority house, etc.

Farm–a parcel of land of 10 or more acres used primarily in the raising or production of agricultural products, with the customary dwelling, farm structures, storage and equipment. Adjoining tracts, parcels or separately deeded properties which are owned and farmed integrally as part of the same farming operation shall be considered jointly as one farm.

Farm-based business–any occupation in addition to the primary agricultural use whereby the farmer in residence engages in an occupation that is secondary to the primary agricultural use.

Farm dwelling, accessory–an accessory farm dwelling is a second dwelling having as its occupant(s) an owner (or any family member thereof) or one or more full-time laborers (or any family member thereof) on the farm.

Farm dwelling, principal–a dwelling unit occupied by the farm owner, whether or not he is farming the land, or by permanently employed persons and their families who receive housing in lieu of all or part of their wages.

Fence–any combination of man-made materials (usually consisting of posts, boards, wire or rails) creating an enclosure or barrier to prevent intrusion from outside or straying from within or to mark a boundary.

Financial institution–a bank, savings and loan association, credit union, finance or loan company, etc.

Floodplain–see Article 18 of this Chapter.

Floor area of a building–the sum of the gross horizontal areas of the several floors of a building and its accessory buildings on the same lot, excluding cellar and basement floor areas not devoted to residential use, but including the area of roofed porches and roofed terraces. All dimensions shall be measured between exterior faces of walls.

Floor area, habitable–see “habitable floor area.”

Forestry–the management of forests and timberlands when practiced in accordance with accepted silvicultural principles, through developing, cultivating, harvesting, transporting and selling trees for commercial purposes, which does not involve any land development.

Garage, private–a building or structure for the private use of the owner or occupant of a principal building situated on the same lot of the principal building for the storage of motor vehicles with no facilities for mechanical service or repair of a commercial or public nature, and in which no occupation, business, or service for profit is conducted.

Garage, public–a building designed and used for the storage of automotive vehicles operated as a business enterprise with a service charge or fee being paid to the owner or operator for the parking or storage of privately owned vehicles.

Garage, repair–see “vehicle repair garage.”

Garden apartments–multi-family apartment buildings located on a plot of land under one ownership. Garden apartments are two stories high, with individual apartments on each story. Garden apartment buildings shall contain at least four, but not more than 16 dwelling units in a single structure, with units generally renter occupied. The garden apartments share: (1) a common yard area which is the sum of the required lot areas of all dwelling units within the complex, (2) common off-street parking, (3) common outside apartment access for some or all units and (4) central utilities.

Gardening–the cultivation of herbs, fruits, flowers, or vegetables, excluding the keeping of livestock.

Golf course–a tract designed and improved for the playing of golf, with a minimum of 2,800 yards of play in nine holes, not including “chip-n-putt,” or miniature golf courses. A golf course may include accessory uses such as a clubhouse and golf equipment shop provided that these uses are clearly incidental and subordinate to the use of the property as a golf course and are not directed primarily toward the general public.

Governing body–Borough Council of the Borough of Cornwall, Lebanon County, Pennsylvania.

Grade, finished–the completed surfaces of lawns, walks and roads brought to grades as shown on official plans or designs relating thereto.

Green area–the portion of a lot which may not be occupied or covered by buildings or paved areas.

Greenhouse–a building whose roof and sides are made largely of glass or other transparent or translucent material and in which the temperature and humidity can be regulated for the cultivation of delicate or out-of-season plants for subsequent sale or for personal enjoyment. Any greenhouse in which there are retail sales and/or items stocked for resale is a commercial use.

Gross site area–in a planned development, the gross site area is defined as the portion of the tract, including street rights-of-way and easements, that is proposed for the development of a particular use (i.e., commercial, industrial, etc.).

Groundwater–subsurface water in a zone of saturation.

Groundwater recharge–replenishment of geologic structures and rock or soil interstices that have the capacity to store water.

Group family dwelling–a group of individuals not related by blood, marriage, adoption, or guardianship living together in a single family dwelling unit as one housekeeping unit under a common housekeeping management plan based on an intentionally structured relationship providing organization and stability. A “group family dwelling” shall not include hospitals, sanitariums, sanatoriums, clinics, or professional offices.

Guest home–a single-family detached dwelling that contains the primary residence of the owner/manager(s) and his family as well as short-term housing primarily for transient automotive travelers. No facilities for cooking or eating are provided in any rooming unit, and meals, if provided, are served family style to guests as a part of the overall lodging arrangements.

Habitable floor area–the sum of the floor area of all heated, finished rooms within a dwelling unit, used on a daily basis for habitation. Such area may include living rooms; recreation rooms; kitchens; dining rooms; bedrooms; bathrooms; hallways; closets; heated and finished basements, cellars and attics; attached garages which have been converted into an integral part of the living quarters; but does not include garages; porches, whether roofed, unroofed or enclosed; roofed terraces; unfinished and unheated basements, attics, cellars, or garages, etc.

Health and recreation club–a commercial business that offers active recreational and/or fitness activities. Such activities are provided only to club members and their guests. Such facilities do not include golf courses.

Health care campus–a building or group of buildings containing medical and dental offices and clinics, outpatient health services including, but not limited to, laboratories, radiological and diagnostic imaging services, blood banks, outpatient surgery centers, rehabilitation centers, and outpatient clinics and patient care facilities together with associated retail uses such as pharmacies and medical supply stores. [Ord. 2010-1]

Heavy commercial use–a commercial use with a predominantly manufacturing or industrial character due to the extent of production, repairing, or storing of goods such as contractor’s yards or storage tanks.

Height of a communications tower–the vertical distance measured from the ground level to the highest point on a communications tower, including antennas mounted on the tower.

High water table areas–areas that have a year round or seasonal high water table that comes to within 20 inches of the ground surface, as established by DEP regulations.

Home business–an occupation, profession, activity, or use conducted within a residential dwelling by the resident-operator and not more than two nonresident employees. Home business uses are intended to be of a service nature and not involve the purchase and/ or sale of goods. The use shall be clearly incidental and secondary to the use of the dwelling for dwelling purposes and the exterior appearance of the structure and premises shall remain residential in character. There shall be no exterior evidence of the home business except a permitted sign and the use shall cause no offensive noise, vibration, smoke, dust, odor, heat, or glare. Home businesses are limited to 25 percent of the total floor area of the principal building. Since the use may be of such nature that may require regular visits by customers and/or deliveries, off-street parking space will be required in addition to the spaces required for the residential use. (See “home occupation.”) Examples of home businesses include, but are not limited to, the following:

(1)    Medical offices and dental offices.

(2)    Barber shops and beauty salons.

(3)    Lawyers, architects, engineers, and accountants.

(4)    Insurance, real estate, and securities brokers.

(5)    Photographers.

(6)    Organized classes with up to four students at one time.

(7)    Television and other electrical appliance repairs excluding major appliances such as refrigerators or stoves.

(8)    Upholsterers, seamstresses, tailors.

(9)    Uses not listed that, in the opinion of the Zoning Officer and upon review and approval of the Zoning Hearing Board, are considered to be of the same general character as the home businesses permitted.

Home occupation–an occupation, profession, activity, or use conducted within a residential dwelling solely by the residents thereof. The use shall be clearly incidental and secondary to the use of the dwelling for dwelling purposes and the exterior appearance of the structure and premises shall remain residential in character. The use shall be of such nature that will not require regular visits by customers and/or deliveries. There shall be no exterior evidence of the home occupation and the use shall cause no offensive noise, vibration, smoke, dust, odor, heat or glare. Home occupations are limited to 25 percent of the total floor area of the principal building. (See “home business”). Examples of home occupations include, but are not limited to, the following:

(1)    Artists, craftsmen, and sculptors.

(2)    Authors and composers.

(3)    Office facilities, excluding medical and dental offices.

(4)    Individual tutoring.

(5)    Preparation of food or food products to be sold or served off-site.

(6)    Individual instrument instruction, provided that no instrument may be amplified.

(7)    Telephone solicitation work.

(8)    Desk top publishing; computer consulting services.

(9)    Uses not listed that, in the opinion of the Zoning Officer and upon review and approval of the Zoning Hearing Board, are considered to be of the same general character as the home occupations permitted.

Homeowners association–a nonprofit, private organization comprised of property owners within a cluster development or planned residential development, operating under Commonwealth guidelines for the purpose of administering to the needs of residents and the maintenance of commonly owned property and improvements. All such associations shall comply with the requirements for unit owners associations contained in the Pennsylvania Uniform Condominium Act, 68 Pa.C.S.A. §3101 et seq.

Hospital–a place for the diagnosis, treatment, or other care of humans and having facilities for inpatient care including such establishments as a sanitarium, sanatorium, and preventorium.

Hotel–a building containing a minimum of at least 10 sleeping rooms that are used as the more or less temporary abiding place of individuals who, for compensation, are lodged with or without meals, and in which no provision is made for cooking in any individual room or suite. A hotel may include restaurants, banquet/conference rooms, shops, newsstands, and other accessory services which are established primarily for servicing hotel occupants and only incidentally to the public.

Hydric soil–a soil that is saturated, flooded, or ponded long enough during the growing season to develop anaerobic conditions that favor the growth and regeneration of wetlands vegetation.

Impervious area–any portion of a lot covered by impervious surfaces.

Impervious surface–any surface that has been compacted or covered over with a building, structure or layer of material so that it is highly resistant to infiltration by water. It includes surfaces such as compacted sand, lime rock, or clay, as well as graveled driveways and parking areas and most conventionally surfaced streets, roofs, sidewalks, parking lots, and other similar structures and paved areas. In addition, other areas determined by the Borough Engineer to be impervious within the meaning of this definition will also be classed as impervious surfaces.

Important natural habitat–any land area characterized by any or all of the following:

(1)    Wetlands as defined by criteria of the U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service.

(2)    Pennsylvania Natural Diversity Inventory (PNDI) confirmed extant plant and animal species and communities that are listed as Pennsylvania Threatened or Pennsylvania Endangered.

(3)    PNDI confirmed extant plant and animal species and communities that have a State Rank of S1 or S2.

Industrial park–a tract of land laid out in accordance with an over-all plan for a group of industries with separate building sites designed and arranged on streets and with utility services, setbacks, side yards, landscaped yards, and covenants controlling the architecture and uses.

Industrial use–

(1)    General industrial use–manufacturing or storage uses which, because of their shipping, storage, and other requirements, should not be located in close proximity to residential areas.

(2)    Light industrial use–manufacturing or storage uses which are characterized by uses of large sites, attractive buildings, and inoffensive processes, and which can be compatible with neighboring residential uses.

Inn–see “hotel.”

Intensive agricultural operation–any agricultural activity that exceeds two animal equivalent units per acre of land.

Intensive livestock facility–any farm building, structure and/or facility specially designed, constructed and/or operated for the intensive and accelerated raising of livestock and/or poultry including, but not limited to, an environmentally controlled house or other confined housing or outdoor pen(s).

Junkyard–see “salvage yard.”

Kennel–see “pet kennel.”

Land development–any of the following activities:

(1)    The improvement of one lot or two or more contiguous lots, tracts, or parcels of land for any purpose involving:

(a)    A group of two or more residential or nonresidential buildings, whether proposed initially or cumulatively, or a single nonresidential building on a lot or lots regardless of the number of occupants or tenure.

(b)    The division or allocation of land or space, whether initially or cumulatively, between or among two or more existing or prospective occupants by means of, or for the purpose of streets, common areas, leaseholds, condominiums, building groups, or other features.

(2)    A subdivision of land.

(3)    Excluded from this definition of land development are the following:

(a)    The conversion of an existing single-family detached dwelling or single-family semi-detached dwelling into not more than three residential units, unless such units are intended to be a condominium.

(b)    The addition of an accessory building, including farm buildings, on a lot or lots subordinate to an existing principal building; or the addition or conversion of buildings or rides within the confines of an enterprise that would be considered an amusement park. For the purposes of this definition, an amusement park is defined as a tract or area used principally as the location for permanent amusement structures or rides. This exclusion shall not apply to newly acquired acreage by an amusement park until initial plans for the expanded area have been approved by proper authorities.

Land use ordinance–any ordinance or map adopted pursuant to the authority granted in Articles IV, V, VI, and VII of the Pennsylvania Municipalities Planning Code, 53 P.S. §§10401 et seq., 10501 et seq., 10601 et seq., and 10701 et seq.

Landowner–the legal or beneficial owner or owners of land including the holder of an option or contract to purchase (whether or not such option or contract is subject to any condition), a lessee if he is authorized under the lease to exercise the rights of the landowner, or other person having a proprietary interest in land.

Landscaping–changing, rearranging, or adding to the vegetation or appearance of land to produce a visual, aesthetic, or environmental effect appropriate to the use of land. Landscaping may include reshaping the land by moving earth, as well as preserving the original vegetation or adding vegetation.

Laundromat–a business premises equipped with individual clothes washing and/or drying machines for the use of retail customers, exclusive of laundry facilities provided as an accessory use in a multi-family housing development.

LEED certified–attaining a certified or higher rating under the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Green Building Rating System, Version 3 or higher, as adopted by the United States Green Building Council. [Ord. 2010-1]

Livestock–any member of the avian, bovine, equine, porcine, ovine, and piscine species including, but not limited to, poultry, fowl, cows, steers, horses, ponies, pigs, sheep, goats, and fish.

Loading/unloading space–an off-street space not less than 12 feet wide by 55 feet long and having a minimum clear height of 15 feet, exclusive of access area, for the parking of one vehicle while loading or unloading merchandise or materials.

Lodging house (rooming house)–see “boarding house.”

Lot–a single tract or parcel of land, which may legally be described as such, held in single or joint ownership, which is occupied or capable of being occupied by one principal building or principal use together with such accessory buildings, structures, and such open spaces as are arranged and permitted by this Chapter.

Lot, corner–a lot at the point of intersection of and abutting on two or more intersecting streets, and which has an interior angle of less than 135 degrees at the intersection of the two street lines.

Lot, flag–a lot or parcel that has been approved with access provided to the bulk of the lot by means of a narrow corridor. Said lot has less frontage on a street than is normally required.

Lot, interior–a lot other than a corner lot, the side property lines of which do not abut a street.

Lot, through–a lot extending between and having frontage on two streets.

Lot area–an area of land that is determined by the limits of the property lines bounding that area and expressed in terms of square feet or acres. Any portion of a lot within a street right-of-way shall not be included in calculating the required lot area. In the case of a flag lot, the area of the access strip also shall not be included in the calculation of the minimum required lot area of the lot.

Lot averaging–a development design option that allows some lots within a development to be larger or smaller than is otherwise required by a zoning district; provided the average lot size is equal to or greater than the requirements of the district and than no common open space is provided.

Lot coverage–the percentage of the lot or property area covered by buildings or structures, excluding driveways, sidewalks, and other standard paved vehicular or pedestrian accessways.

Lot depth–a mean horizontal distance between the front and rear lot lines, measured in the general direction of its side lot lines.

Lot frontage–that portion of a lot extending along a street or road right-of-way line.

Lot line–any line dividing one lot from another lot, street or parcel.

(1)    Lot line, front–on an interior lot, the lot line abutting the street; on a corner or through lot, each lot line which abuts a street; on a flag lot, the interior lot line most parallel to and nearest the street from which access is obtained.

(2)    Lot line, rear–the lot line not intersecting a front lot line that is most distant from and most closely parallel to the front lot line. A lot bounded by only three lot lines will not have a rear lot line.

(3)    Lot line, side–any lot line that is not a front or rear lot line.

Lot width–the horizontal distance between the side lot lines measured at right angles to its depth. The required lot width shall be measured at the required minimum front-yard setback line, except that pie-shaped lots at the turnaround of cul-de-sac streets shall have lot frontage equal to at least 50 percent of the required lot width and shall achieve required lot width at a point equal to 50 percent of the lot depth.

Main street (commercial area)–in a planned residential development, a street containing a mix of uses, including the planned development’s greatest concentration of commercial development. If included within a planned development, the main street commercial area, together with the community green, shall form the focus of the neotraditional neighborhood.

Major road–the following streets within the Borough: U.S. Route 322, Pa. Route 72, Pa. Route 419, Cornwall Road and Boyd Street immediately south of Miners Village.

Manufacturing–a process whereby substances, raw materials and/or semi-finished materials are chemically, mechanically, or otherwise transformed to goods and products that have some economic value.

Marquee–any permanent roof-like structure projecting beyond a building or extending along and projecting beyond the wall of a building, generally designed and constructed to provide protection from the weather.

Mediation–a voluntary negotiating process in which parties in a dispute mutually select a neutral mediator to assist in jointly exploring and settling their differences, culminating in a written agreement which the parties themselves create and consider acceptable.

Minerals–any aggregate or mass of mineral matter, whether or not coherent. The term includes, but is not limited to, limestone and dolomite, sand and gravel, rock and stone, earth, fill, slag, iron ore, zinc ore, vermiculite and clay, anthracite and bituminous coal, coal refuse, peat, and crude oil and natural gas.

Mitigation–includes (1) avoiding the impact altogether by not taking a certain action or parts of an action; (2) minimizing impacts by limiting the degree of magnitude of the action or its implementation; (3) rectifying the impact by repairing, reducing, or eliminating the impact over time by preservation and maintenance operations during life of the action; and (4) compensating for the impact by replacing or providing substitute resources.

Mixed occupancy–occupancy of a building for more than one use.

Mobile home–a transportable, single family dwelling intended for permanent occupancy, contained in one unit, or in two or more units designed to be joined into one integral unit capable of again being separated for repeated towing, which arrives at a site complete and ready for occupancy except for minor and incidental unpacking and assembly operations, and constructed so that it may be used without a permanent foundation.

Mobile home lot–a parcel of land in a mobile home park, improved with the necessary utility connections and other appurtenances necessary for the erection thereon of a single mobile home.

Mobile home park–a parcel or contiguous parcels of land which has been so designated and improved that it contains two or more mobile home lots for the placement thereon of mobile homes.

Mobile home site–an area within a mobile home park or mobile home subdivision designated to contain one mobile home and the necessary utility connections and appurtenances. The area may be rented to an occupant as in a mobile home park, or sold to an occupant, as in a mobile home subdivision.

Mobile home subdivision–an area designed exclusively for mobile homes and mobile dwelling units where lots are sold and not rented.

Modular home–a sectional, single-family dwelling, intended for permanent occupancy, contained in two or more units designed to be permanently joined into one integral unit, which arrives at a site complete and ready for occupancy except for assembly operations and construction of the necessary permanent foundation. For the purposes of this Chapter, modular homes shall be treated the same as conventional stick-built single-family dwelling.

Motel–a building or group of buildings, whether detached or in connected units, used as 1 or more individual transient occupancies. Units may be provided with separate entrances and shall be provided with off-street parking facilities. The term “motel” includes buildings designated as tourist courts, tourist cabins, motor lodges, and similar terms. A motel shall not be construed to include mobile or immobile trailers, mobile homes, or recreational vehicles.

Municipal use–any use owned or operated by the Borough or an authority created by the Borough.

Municipality–the Borough of Cornwall, Lebanon County, Pennsylvania.

Nightclub–any building used for on-site consumption of alcoholic or nonalcoholic beverages where live entertainment is offered. For the purposes of this definition, “live entertainment” is meant to include the use of disc jockeys for the purposes of supplying musical entertainment. Nightclubs may also provide for on-site consumption of food. Additionally, nightclubs can offer the retail sale of carry out beer and wine as an accessory use. This is meant to include an “under 21” club which features entertainment.

Nonconforming lot–a lot the area or dimension of which was lawful prior to the adoption or amendment of this Chapter but which fails to conform to the requirements of the zoning district in which it is located by reasons of such adoption or amendment.

Nonconforming sign–a lawful sign that does not conform to the regulations of the district in which it is located.

Nonconforming structure–a structure or part of a structure manifestly not designed to comply with the applicable use or extent of use provisions in this Chapter or amendment heretofore or hereafter enacted, where such structure lawfully existed prior to the enactment of such ordinance or amendment or prior to the application of such ordinance or amendment to its location by reason of annexation. Such nonconforming structures include, but are not limited to, nonconforming signs.

Nonconforming use–a use, whether of land or of structure, which does not comply with the applicable use provisions in this Chapter or amendment heretofore or hereafter enacted, where such use was lawfully in existence prior to the enactment of this Chapter or amendment, or prior to the application of such ordinance or amendment to its location by reason of annexation.

Nonintensive agricultural operation–any agricultural activity that does not exceed two animal equivalent units per acre of land.

Nonresidential–any use other than a dwelling. An institutional use, in which persons may reside, such as a dormitory, prison, nursing home, or hospital, shall be considered a nonresidential use.

Nursery, day care–see “day care.”

Nursery, horticulture–any lot or parcel of land used to cultivate, propagate, and grow trees, shrubs, vines, and other plants including the buildings, structures, and equipment customarily incidental and accessory to the principal use.

Nursing or convalescent home–an extended or intermediate care facility licensed or approved to provide full-time convalescent or chronic care to individuals who, by reason of advanced age, chronic illness, or infirmity, are unable to care for themselves.

Office–a building or portion of a building wherein services are performed involving predominantly administrative, professional or clerical operations.

Office park–a large tract of land that has been planned, developed, and operated as an integrated facility for a number of separate office buildings and supporting ancillary uses with special attention given to circulation, parking, utility needs, aesthetics, and compatibility.

Office, professional–an office building containing space for one or more persons engaged in occupations or callings which require extensive learned and academic preparation to secure knowledge or skill in a profession such as medicine, law, divinity, or science, wherein professional advice, guidance, or instruction is provided. Occupations or vocations that are trades, crafts, or businesses and often involve the sale of a product shall not be considered professional offices.

On-lot utilities.

(1)    Sewage disposal system–any septic system or structure designed to biochemically treat sewage within the boundaries of an individual lot.

(2)    Water distribution system–a system for supplying and distributing potable water to a single dwelling or other building from a source located on the same lot.

Open area–a percentage which when multiplied by the lot area will determine the required unbuildable area of the lot. However, paved area is to be considered as part of the required “open area.”

Open space–the unoccupied space open to the sky on the same lot with the building.

Open space, common–see “common open space.”

Open space, common or public (cluster development)–a parcel or parcels of land, an area of water, or a combination of land and water, within a cluster development designed and intended for the use of all residents of the development (common open space) or the general public (public open space), not including streets and walkways, off-street parking areas, areas with no public accessibility, setbacks, and areas at other than ground level. Open space areas may include floodplains and drainage basins. Common or public open space shall be substantially free of structures but may contain such improvements as are appropriate for recreational use by the residents or the general public.

Open space, common (planned residential development)–

(1)    In a planned residential development, a parcel or parcels of land or an area of water, or a combination of land and water, including floodplain and wetland areas, within a development site and designed and intended for the use and enjoyment of residents of the development and, where designated, the community at large. The area of parking facilities serving the activities in the common open space may be included in the required area computations. The land area of lots allocated for public and semipublic uses, community clubs and community facilities, including open space for playgrounds and athletic fields that are a part of the principal use and parking facilities may be included in the common open space.

(2)    Common open space shall not include:

(a)    The land area of lots allocated for single-family detached dwellings, single-family semi-detached dwellings and duplex dwellings.

(b)    The land area of lots allocated for apartment and townhouse dwelling construction, including off street parking facilities.

(c)    The land area of lots allocated for total commercial use, including parking facilities.

(d)    Street rights of way, driveways, off-street parking and service areas, except the landscaped central median of boulevards.

PaDEP–the Department of Environmental Protection of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.

Parking lot–an area not within a building where motor vehicles may be stored for the purposes of temporary, daily or overnight off-street parking.

Parking space–an off-street, open or enclosed area accessible from a street or alley for parking of motor vehicles for owners, occupants, employees, customers, or tenants of the principal building or use. Each parking space, exclusive of all drives, curbs and turning space, shall be not less than the following:

(1)    Perpendicular parking–9 feet wide and not less than 18 feet long.

(2)    Diagonal parking–9 feet wide and not less than 19 feet long.

(3)    Parallel parking–8 feet wide and not less than 24 feet long.

Party wall–a common, shared wall between two separate structures, buildings or dwelling units.

PennDOT–the Department of Transportation of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania or any agency successor thereto. [Ord. 2010-1]

Pennsylvania Municipalities Planning Code (MPC)–for the purposes of this Chapter, the Code, enacted as Act 247 of 1968, and amended by Act 170 of 1988, and Acts 67 and 68 of 2000, 53 P.S. §10101 et seq., is intended to include the current code and any future amendments and shall be referred to hereafter as “MPC.”

Permanent foundation–the term permanent foundation as it relates specifically to mobile homes shall include a “skirt” around the perimeter of the mobile home that shall be of masonry construction upon footers set below the frost line and oriented to the perimeter of the mobile home so as to provide a weather-tight joint on all four sides.

Permeable surface–a surface that permits the passage of water (opposite of impervious surface).

Permit–building and zoning permit issued by the duly appointed Zoning Officer.

Personal care facility–a premises in which food, shelter, and personal assistance or supervision are provided for a period exceeding 24 hours for four or more adults who do not require the services in or of a licensed long-term care facility, but who do require assistance or supervision in matters such as dressing, bathing, diet, financial management, evacuation of a residence in the event of an emergency, or medication prescribed for self-administration.

Personal care room–a dwelling room located in a personal care facility, licensed by the Pennsylvania Department of Health, which is occupied by no more than one resident and which is located in a building in which meals are provided in a common dining room.

Personal services–includes such uses as barber shops, beauty salons, photographic studios, tailor, dressmaking, millinery shops, and dry cleaning/laundry drop-off points.

Pet, customary household–any normally domesticated animal or bird that is kept for pleasure rather than utility and which may be kept inside or outside of a dwelling.

Pet, novelty–an animal, bird, or insect that is kept for pleasure, that is not a customary household pet, nor of a domesticated variety, provided that it is not otherwise prohibited by law and is kept inside a dwelling.

Pet kennel–an enclosure or area (located outside a dwelling) which houses or is designed for keeping more than three birds or animals, 6 months in age or older; however, this does not include pet zoos or menageries.

Plan–see “plat.”

Planned center–a group of uses planned and designed as an integrated unit with controlled ingress and egress and shared off-street parking provided on the property as an integral part of the unit.

Planned residential development–an area of land controlled by a landowner, to be developed as a single entity for a number of dwelling units, or combination of residential and nonresidential uses, the development plan for which does not correspond in lot size, bulk, type of dwelling, or use, density, or intensity, lot coverage and required open space to the regulations established in any one district created, from time to time, under the provisions of this Chapter.

Planning Commission–the Cornwall Borough Planning and Zoning Commission.

Plantings, landscape–see Article 23 of this Chapter.

Plat–the map or plan of a subdivision or land development, whether preliminary or final.

Premises–any lot, parcel, or tract of land and any building constructed thereon. The term “premises” shall also include the area occupied by a business or other commercial, professional or industrial enterprise. When more than one such enterprise occupies a building, each business area shall be considered a separate premises.

Preservation or protection–when used in connection with natural and historic resources, shall include means to conserve and safeguard these resources from wasteful or destructive use, but shall not be interpreted to authorize the unreasonable restriction of forestry, mining, or other lawful uses of natural resources.

Prime agricultural land–land used for agricultural purposes that contains soils of the first, second, or third class as defined by the United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resource and Conservation Services County Soil Survey.

Prime wildlife habitat–those areas necessary to maintain an existing population of a given species, the destruction of which will cause a reduction in population density.

Principal building–see “building, principal.”

Private–not publicly owned, operated, or controlled.

Professional biologist–an individual with at least a graduate degree in aquatic and/or terrestrial biology and/or ecology, and with a depth of knowledge in organisms and the processes of ecological systems.

Public–owned, operated, or controlled by a government agency (Federal, State, or local, including a corporation created by law for the performance of certain specialized governmental functions and the Board of Public Education).

Public grounds–includes the following:

(1)    Parks, playgrounds, trails, paths, and other recreational areas and other public areas.

(2)    Sites for schools, sewage treatment, refuse disposal, and other publicly owned or operated facilities.

(3)    Publicly owned or operated scenic and historic sites.

Public hearing–a formal meeting held pursuant to public notice by the Borough Council, Zoning Hearing Board or Planning Commission, intended to inform and obtain public comment, prior to taking action in accordance with this Chapter.

Public meeting–a forum held pursuant to notice under 65 Pa.C.S.A., Chapter 7 (relating to open meetings).

Public notice–notice published once each week for 2 successive weeks in a newspaper of general circulation in the Borough. Such notice shall state the time and place of the hearing and the particular nature of the matter to be considered at the hearing. The first publication shall be not more than 30 days and the second publication shall not be less than 7 days from the date of the hearing.

Quarry, sand pit, gravel pit, borrow pit, top soil stripping–a lot or land or part thereof used for the purpose of extracting minerals, stone, sand, clay, gravel, or top soil for sale, and exclusive of the process of grading a lot preparatory to the construction of a building for which application for a building permit has been made.

Rare–a species or subspecies that due to unique habitat requirements or sporadic distribution may not commonly occur in a given area or region.

Recreation, active–leisure time activities, usually of a more formal nature and performed with other individuals, often requiring equipment and taking place at prescribed places, site, or fields. Such areas usually require physical alteration to the area before they can occur and are intensively used, such as playgrounds, ball courts, and swimming pools.

Recreation, passive–leisure time activities, usually of an informal nature and which can be carried out with little alteration or disruption to the area in which they occur, such as hiking and picnicking.

Recyclable material–reusable material including, but not limited to, metals, glass, plastic, and paper, which are intended for reuse, remanufacture, or reconstruction for the purpose of using the altered form. Recyclable material does not include refuse or hazardous materials. Recyclable material may include used motor oil collected and transported in accordance with State requirements.

Recycling collection facility–a center for the acceptance by donation, redemption or purchase of recyclable materials from the public.

Recycling processing facility–a building or enclosed space used for the collection and processing of recyclable materials. Processing means the preparation of material for efficient shipment, or to an end-user’s specification, by such means as baling, briquetting, compacting, flattening, grinding, crushing, mechanical sorting, shredding, cleaning, and remanufacturing.

Registered professional–a person duly licensed as a professional engineer, surveyor, geologist, or landscape architect by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.

Renewable energy source–any method, process, or substance whose supply is rejuvenated through natural processes and, subject to those natural processes, remains relatively constant including, but not limited to, biomass conversion, geothermal energy, solar and wind energy, and hydroelectric energy and excluding those sources of energy used in the fission and fusion processes.

Repair services–includes such uses as radio, television, and appliance repair shops, plumbing shops, carpenter shops, and shoe repair shops.

Report–any letter, review, memorandum, compilation, or similar writing made by any body, board, officer, or consultant other than a solicitor to any other body, board, officer, or consultant for the purpose of assisting the recipient of such report in the rendering of any decision or determination. All reports shall be deemed recommendatory and advisory only and shall not be binding upon the recipient, board, officer, body, or agency, nor shall any appeal lie therefrom. Any report used, received or considered by the body, board, officer or agency rendering a determination or decision shall be made available for inspection to the applicant and all other parties to any proceeding upon request, and copies thereof shall be provided at cost of reproduction.

Residential occupancy–the occupancy of a dwelling unit by the same family for a period of not less than 30 continuous days.

Restaurant, drive-in–a commercial establishment where food or beverage is sold for consumption on the premises either in a customer’s vehicle or in an outside area, but not within a building.

Restaurant, drive-through–an accessory use to a commercial restaurant where the customer receives food or beverage via a drive-up window, without the need for the customer to leave his vehicle.

Restaurant, fast-food–a commercial establishment where a limited selection of food or beverage is sold either for consumption on the premises or as a “takeout” service. Food preparation is designed for immediate service to customers and food is normally prepared in advance to facilitate this type of “fast” service.

Restaurant, sit-down–a commercial establishment where a variety of foods and beverages are sold for consumption on the premises. Customers are normally seated at a table where they select food and beverage from individual menus, and they are served foods and beverages by a restaurant employee at the same table at which said items are ordered and consumed.

Retail business–includes such uses as variety stores, apparel stores, drug stores, grocery stores, eating establishments, antique shops, music shops, sporting good stores, and book, stationery, magazine, candy and tobacco shops.

Retail store/sales–retail stores are those businesses whose primary activities involve the display and retail sales of goods and products. This term shall not include adult-related facilities as defined herein.

Retirement home complex–a planned residential development designed to provide housing exclusively for mature residents, where occupancy of the dwellings is restricted to persons 55 years of age or older or couples where either the husband or wife is 55 years of age or older at the time of initial occupancy. This type of development does not necessarily include convalescent or nursing facilities.

Riding academy–an establishment where horses are kept for riding or driving, or are stabled for compensation.

Right-of-way–the total width of any land reserved or dedicated as a street, road or other public or semi-public purposes.

Rock outcrops–areas consisting of exposures of solid bedrock.

Rooming house–see “boarding house.”

Rooming unit–any habitable room or group of rooms forming a single habitable unit, used or intended to be used for living and sleeping, but not for cooking or eating.

Row house–see “townhouse.”

Salvage yard (junkyard)–a lot, land, or structure, or part thereof, used primarily for the collecting, storage, and sale of wastepaper, rags, scrap metal, or discarded materials, or for the collecting, dismantling, storage, and salvaging of machinery or vehicles not in running condition, and for the sale of parts thereof.

Sanitarium, sanatorium–a private hospital, whether or not such facility is operated for profit.

School, elementary–any school licensed by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and which meets the requirements for elementary education.

School, nursery–any place licensed by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and which is authorized to provide regular instruction and daytime care for two or more children under the age of elementary school.

School, secondary–any school licensed by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and which is authorized to award diplomas for secondary education.

Scrap processing and manufacturing–the receiving of unprepared or unprocessed scrap, the segregation of this material into grades, and the production of finished metal products in specific sizes and physical configurations according to the specifications of steel mills, foundries, and refineries, by manufacturing processes such as baling, shearing, shredding, or otherwise processing the unprocessed materials through the use of specialized machinery and equipment.

Screening–the use of plant or landscaping materials, fencing, walls, and/or earthen berms to aid in the concealment of one element of a development from other elements or from adjacent or contiguous development.

Seasonal high water table soils–those soils in which the groundwater surface is no more than 20 inches from the ground surface at certain times of the year.

Seasonal sales–a temporary retail use carried on for only a part of the year, such as the sale of Easter flowers, fireworks, Christmas trees, etc.

Self-service storage facility–a building or group of buildings containing separate storage spaces of equal or varying sizes, leased or rented on an individual basis.

Semi-public–open to the public but owned, operated or controlled by a private, nonprofit or nonpublic agency.

Separation–the required horizontal distance or space between two or more objects (i.e., as in minimum separation distances between buildings in a multi-family development).

Setback–the horizontal distance from a lot line to the part of the building nearest to such a lot line.

Shopping center–a group of stores, two or more in number, planned, designed and constructed to function as an integrated unit with off-street parking provided on the property as an integral part of the unit.

Sign–the word “sign” includes any writing (including letter, word, or numeral); pictorial representation (including illustration or decoration); emblem (including device, symbol, or trademark); or any other device or similar character which (1) is a structure or any part thereof, or is attached to, painted on, or in any other manner represented on a vehicle, building or other structure; (2) is used to announce, direct attention to, or advertise: and (3) is visible from outside a building. Specific sign types are defined as follows:

(1)    Animated sign–any sign that uses movement or change of lighting to depict action or create a visual effect or scene.

(2)    Banner–any sign of lightweight fabric or similar material that is permanently mounted to a pole or building by a permanent frame at one or more edges. National flags, state or municipal flags, or the official flag of any institution or business shall not be considered banners.

(3)    Beacon–any light with one or more beams directed into the atmosphere or directed at one or more points not on the same zone lot as the light source; also, any light with one or more beams that rotate or move.

(4)    Building marker–any sign indicating the name of a building and data and incidental information about its construction, which sign is cut into a masonry surface or made bronze or other permanent material.

(5)    Building sign–any sign attached to any part of a building, as contrasted to a freestanding sign.

(6)    Canopy sign–any sign that is part of or attached to an awning, canopy or other fabric, plastic, or structural protective cover over a door, entrance, window, or outside service area. A marquee is not a canopy.

(7)    Changeable copy sign–a permanent sign or portion thereof with characters, letters, or illustrations that can e changed or rearranged without altering the face or surface of the sign. A sign on which the message changes more than 8 times per day shall be considered an animated sign and not a changeable copy sign for purposes of this Chapter. A sign on which the only copy that changes is an electronic or mechanical indication of time or temperature shall be considered a “time and temperature” portion of a sign and not a changeable copy sign.

(8)    Flag–any fabric, banner, or bunting containing distinctive colors, patterns, or symbols, used as a symbol of a government, political subdivision, or other entity.

(9)    Freestanding sign–an independently supported sign that is not attached to any building or other structure.

(10)    Identification sign–any sign indicating the name and address of an occupant of a building.

(11)    Incidental sign–a sign, generally informational, that has a purpose secondary to the use of the zone lot on which it is located, such as “no parking,” “entrance,” “loading only,” “telephone,” and other similar directives. No sign with a commercial message legible from a position off the zone lot on which the sign is located shall be considered incidental.

(12)    Marquee sign–any sign attached to, in any manner, or made part of a marquee.

(13)    Nonconforming sign–any sign that does not conform to the requirements of this Chapter.

(14)    Pennant–any lightweight plastic, fabric, or other material, whether or not containing a message of any kind, suspended from a rope, wire, string, usually in series, designed to move in the wind.

(15)    Portable sign–any sign not permanently attached to the ground or other permanent structure, or a sign designed to be transported, including, but not limited to, signs designed to be transported by means of wheels; signs converted to A-frames or T-frames; menu and sandwich board signs; balloons used as signs; umbrellas used for advertising; and signs attached to or painted on vehicles parked and visible from the public right-of way, unless said vehicle is used in the normal day-to-day operations of the business.

(16)    Projecting sign–a sign erected or displayed which is attached to the wall of a building and projects in a perpendicular fashion from said wall. Wall signs that project more than 12 inches shall be treated as projecting signs.

(17)    Residential sign–any sign located in a district zoned for residential uses that contains no commercial message except advertising for goods or services legally offered on the premises where the sign is located, if offering such service at such location conforms with all requirements of this Chapter.

(18)    Roof sign–any sign erected and constructed wholly on and over the roof of building supported by the roof structure, and extending vertically above the highest portion of the roof. Roof signs shall not exceed the maximum height requirements for buildings or structures.

(19)    Roof sign, integral–any sign erected or constructed as an integral or essentially integral part of a normal roof structure or design, such that no part of the sign extends vertically above the highest portion of the roof and such that no part of the sign is separated from the rest of the roof by a space of more than 6 inches.

(20)    Suspended sign–a sign that is suspended from the underside of a horizontal plane surface and is supported by such surface.

(21)    Temporary sign–any sign that is used temporarily and is not permanently mounted.

(22)    Wall sign–any sign attached parallel to, but within 12 inches of, a wall, painted on the wall surface of, or erected and confined within the limits of an outside wall of any building or structure, which is supported by such wall or building, and which displays only one sign surface.

(23)    Window sign–any sign, pictures, symbol, or combination thereof, designed to communicate information about an activity, business, commodity, event, sale, or service, which is placed inside a window or upon the windowpanes or glass and is visible from the exterior of the window.

Sign, advertising–any sign that is owned or operated by any person, firm, or corporation engaged in the business of outdoor advertising for direct profit gained from the rental of such signs or any sign advertising a commodity not sold or produced on the premises, including “billboards.”

Sign, double-faced–a sign consisting of two display areas placed back to back or joined along a common edge and is treated as having one sign area. If the display areas are joined along a common edge and the interior angle is greater than 45 degrees, the structure shall be treated as giving two sign areas.

Sign area–the area of a sign shall be construed to include the entire display surface and background, whether open or enclosed, which encompasses lettering, wording, designs and symbols, but not including any supporting framework and bracing that is incidental to the display itself. The area shall be determined using the largest visible sign or silhouette area. When the sign consists of individual letters or symbols attached to or printed on a surface, the area shall be considered to be the smallest rectangular shape or shapes which can be drawn together to encompass all of the letters and symbols.

Sign setback–the distance from the property line or street right-of-way to the nearest part of the applicable sign, measured perpendicularly to the property line or street right-of-way line.

Site disturbance–any activity which involves removal of vegetation, or which causes land on a given site to be exposed to the danger of erosion, including clearing, grading, filling, plowing, and other types of earthmoving.

Site plan–a plan of a lot or subdivision on which is shown topography, location of all buildings, structures, roads, right-of-way, boundaries, all essential dimensions and bearings and any other information deemed necessary by the Borough Council, Planning Commission or Zoning Hearing Board in unusual or special cases.

Special exception–a use specified in the district regulations which is permitted only if the Zoning Hearing Board grants it as a special exception use and allows issuance of a permit by the Zoning Officer pursuant to the provisions of this Chapter.

Stable, private–an accessory building in which horses are kept for private use and not for hire, remuneration, exhibition, or sale.

Stable, public–a building in which horses are kept for hire, remuneration, exhibition, or sale.

Steep slope area–

(1)    Steeply sloping land–land with a topographic gradient in excess of 25 percent.

(2)    Strongly sloping land–land with a topographic gradient in excess of 15 percent but not in excess of 25 percent.

Story–a story is that part of a building between the surface of any floor and the next floor above it or, in its absence, the finished ceiling or roof above it. A “split level” story shall be considered a second story if its floor level is 6 feet or more above the level of the line of the finished floor next below it. Any floor under a sloping roof at the top of a building which is more than 2 feet below the top plate shall be counted as a story; and, if less than 2 feet below the top plate, it shall be counted as a half-story.

Stream–a natural drainage way having defined bed and banks that supports aquatic life including, but not limited to, fish, reptiles, and macro-invertebrates.

Street–any street, avenue, boulevard, road, highway, freeway, parkway, lane, alley, viaduct, or any other way used or intended to be used by vehicular traffic or pedestrians, whether public or private. The word “street” includes the entire right-of-way and is not limited to the cartway area.

Street grade–the officially established grade of the street upon which a lot fronts, or in its absence, the established grade of other streets upon which the lot abuts, at the midway point of the frontage of the lot thereon. If there is no officially established grade, the existing grade of the street at such mid-point shall be taken as the street grade.

Street line–the line determining the limit of the street or public right-of-way, either existing or contemplated. Also referred to as the street lot line or road right-of-way line. Where a definite right-of-way width has not been established, the street line shall be determined as a line 25 feet from the centerline of the existing street.

Structure–any man-made object having an ascertainable stationary location on or in land or water, whether or not affixed to the land.

Structure, accessory–a structure subordinate to and detached from the principal structure on the same lot and used for the purposes customarily incidental to the principal structure.

Subdivider–the applicant and developer.

Subdivision–the division or redivision of a lot, tract or parcel of land by any means into two or more lots, tracts, parcels, or other divisions of land including changes in existing lot lines for the purpose, whether immediate or future, of lease, partition by the court for distribution to heirs or devisees, transfer of ownership or building or lot development; provided, however, that the subdivision by lease of land for agricultural purposes into parcels of more than 10 acres, not involving any new street or easement of access or any residential dwelling, shall be exempted.

Substantial improvement–any repair, reconstruction, or improvement of a structure, the cost of which equals or exceeds 50 percent of the fair market value of the structure either (1) before the improvement or repair is started or (2) if the structure has been damaged, and is being restored, before the damage occurred. For the purpose of this definition, “substantial improvement” is considered to occur when the first alteration of any wall, ceiling, floor, or other structural part of the structure commences, whether or not that alteration affects the external dimensions of the structure.

Theater–a building or part of a building devoted to the showing of moving pictures or for dramatic, musical, or live performances.

Theater, outdoor drive-in–an open lot or part thereof with its appurtenant facilities devoted primarily to the showing of moving pictures or for dramatic, musical or live performances on a commercial basis to patrons seated in automobiles or on outdoor seats.

Threatened–a species or subspecies that is likely to become endangered in the foreseeable future throughout all or part of its range.

Timbering (timber harvesting)–the cutting down and removal of trees and logs to be converted to any forest product.

Tourist home–see “guest home.”

Townhouse–a single-family dwelling constructed as part of a series of three or more connected single-family dwellings with one dwelling unit from floor to roof. Townhouses are typically (but not required to be) two stories high and units are considered attached dwellings except for the end units of the building series, which are semi-detached. Townhouses are generally owner-occupied and provide residents with individual yards, parking, and utility access. Common areas and facilities, including parking areas, may be designed for joint utilization by all residents of the townhouse development.

Traditional neighborhood development–an area of land developed for a compatible mixture of residential units for various income levels and nonresidential commercial and workplace uses, including some structures that provide for a mix of uses within the same building. Residences, shops, offices, workplaces, public buildings, and parks are interwoven within the neighborhood so that all are within relatively close proximity to each other. Traditional neighborhood development is relatively compact, limited in size and oriented toward pedestrian activity. It has an identifiable center and a discernible edge. The center of the neighborhood is in the form of a public park, commons, plaza, square, or prominent intersection of two or more major streets. Generally, there is a hierarchy of streets laid out in a rectilinear or grid pattern of interconnecting streets and blocks that provides multiple routes from origins to destinations and are appropriately designed to serve the needs of pedestrians and vehicles equally.

Transferable development rights–the attaching of development rights to specified lands which are desired by a municipality to be kept undeveloped, but permitting those rights to be transferred from those lands so that the development potential which they represent may occur on other lands within the Borough where more intensive development is deemed by the municipality to be appropriate.

Travel trailer–a vehicular portable structure built on a chassis (motorized home, converted bus, tent trailer, tent, or similar device) designed to be used as a temporary dwelling for travel and recreational purposes.

Tree crown–the upper portion of a tree, including the branches and foliage.

Tree crown cover–that portion of the land surface that is located within the tree dripline.

Tree dripline–the line marking the vertical projection of the outermost perimeter of the natural spread of the branches of the tree.

Use–the specific purpose for which land or a building is designed, arranged, intended or for which it is or may be occupied or maintained. The term “permitted use” or its equivalent shall not be deemed to include any nonconforming use.

Use, accessory–a use customarily incidental and subordinate to the principal use or building and located on the same lot with such principal use or building.

Use, principal–the main purpose for which land or a building is designed, arranged, intended or for which it is or may be occupied or maintained. The term “permitted use” or its equivalent shall not be deemed to include any nonconforming use.

Variance-a modification of the regulations of this Chapter granted by the Zoning Hearing Board on grounds of practical difficulties or an unnecessary hardship, not self-imposed, pursuant to the provisions of this Chapter and the MPC.

Vehicle body shop–a building that is used for the repair or painting of bodies, chassis, wheels, fenders, bumpers, and/or accessories of automobiles, trucks and other vehicles used for conveyance.

Vehicle repair garage–a structure, building, or area of land or any portion thereof used primarily for the servicing and repair of automobiles, trucks and similar vehicles. A vehicle repair garage may provide one or more of the following services: general mechanical repair of motor vehicles including State inspection, lubrication, washing or sale of accessories, and motor vehicle fuels. Uses permissible as a repair garage do not include bodywork, straightening of body parts, painting, welding or storage of certain vehicles as per Article 22 of this Chapter. A repair garage is not an automobile body shop or retail automotive parts store.

Vehicle service station–a building or lot or part thereof supplying and selling gasoline or other equivalent fuel for motor vehicles at retail direct from pumps and storage tanks and which may include accessory facilities for rendering vehicle services such as lubrication, washing, and minor repairs.

Vehicle washing center (car wash)–a building on a lot, designed and used primarily for the washing and polishing of motor vehicles and which may provide for the retail sale of minor, automotive accessories.

Watercourse–a permanent or intermittent stream, river, brook, run, creek, channel, swale, pond, lake, or other body of surface water, carrying or holding surface water, whether natural or man-made.

Waters of the Commonwealth-rivers, streams, creeks, rivulets, impoundments, ditches, water courses, storm sewers, lakes, dammed water, ponds, springs, and other bodies or channels of conveyance of surface and underground water, or of their parts, whether natural or artificial, within or on the boundaries of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.

Watershed–all the land from which water drains into a particular watercourse.

Wetland–those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or groundwater at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions, including swamps, marshes, bogs and similar areas.

Wetland delineation–the defined boundary between a wetland and an upland, in accordance with the Federal Manual for Identifying and Delineating Jurisdictional Wetlands, 1987.

Wind energy conversion system–a device that converts wind energy to electrical or mechanical energy.

Wind rotor–a structure that contains the blades and hub that are used to capture wind for purposes of energy conversion. The wind rotor is usually located on a tower and along with other generating and electrical storage equipment, forms the wind energy conversion system.

Woodland–¼ acre or more of wooded land where the largest trees measure at least 6 inches diameter at breast height (dbh) or 4.5 feet from the ground. The woodland shall be measured from the dripline of the outer trees.

Yard–an open space, other than a court, unoccupied by a structure; provided, however, that fences, walls, posts, trees, lawn furniture, and other customary yard accessories are permitted in any yard subject to the height limitations and requirements limiting obstruction of visibility.

Yard, front–an unoccupied space, open to the sky, between the front property line (road right-of-way line) and the building line of the principal building closest to the front property line.

Yard, rear–an unoccupied space, open to the sky, between the rear property line and the building line of the principal building that is closest to the rear property line.

Yard, required front–an unoccupied space, open to the sky, provided between the front property line (road right-of-way line) and a line drawn parallel thereto, at such distance therefrom as may be specified herein for any district, and extending for the full width of the lot.

Yard, required rear–an unoccupied space, open to the sky, between the rear property line and a line drawn parallel thereto, at such distance therefrom as may be specified herein for any district, and extending for the full width of the lot.

Yard, required side–an unoccupied space, open to the sky, between the side property line and a line drawn parallel thereto, at such distance therefrom as may be specified herein for any district, and extending the full depth of the lot.

Yard, side–an unoccupied space, open to the sky, between the side property line and the side building line of the principal building. In most cases, a lot has two side yards located on opposite sides of the principal building.

Zero lot line–the location of a building on a lot in such a manner that one or more of the building’s sides rests directly on a lot line.

Zone lot (defined for sign regulation purposes only)–a parcel of land in single ownership that is of sufficient size to meet minimum zoning requirements for area, coverage and use, and that can provide such yards and other open spaces as required by this Chapter.

Zoning district–a portion of the Borough or adjacent municipality(s) within which certain uniform regulations and requirements or various combinations thereof apply under the provisions of this Chapter (or the adjacent municipality’s Zoning Ordinance).

Zoning Hearing Board–the Zoning Hearing Board of and for the Borough of Cornwall.

Zoning Map–the Zoning Map of Cornwall Borough adopted hereunder, together with all amendments thereto subsequently adopted.

Zoning Officer–the agent(s) or official(s) designated by the Borough of Cornwall to enforce this Chapter.

(Ord. 2008-1, 6/9/2008 §202; as amended by Ord. 2010-1, 6/14/2010, §1; and by Ord. 2021-2, 10/11/2021, §1)