Chapter 22.70
FENCING, LANDSCAPING AND SCREENING
Sections:
22.70.040 General landscaping.
22.70.050 Parking landscaping.
22.70.090 Installation, maintenance, and enforcement.
22.70.010 Purpose and intent.
The use of fencing and screening by other measures reduces visual, noise, and lighting impacts on adjacent properties and provides visual separation and physical buffers between land uses. It also serves to protect the health, safety, and welfare of the community by eliminating dangerous conditions and preserving property values. (Ord. 16-018 § 6 (Att. B), 2016).
22.70.020 Fencing.
A. In residential zoning districts, the height of a fence within the front yard shall be:
1. Thirty-six inches or less for sight-obstructing fences; or
2. Forty-eight inches or less for non-sight-obstructing fences, such as chain link fences.
B. In residential zoning districts, fences shall not exceed eight feet in height when located on a flanking, side, or rear yard behind the minimum required front yard setback line. Lots with double street frontage may have a fence on the property line not used as the main point of access (the apparent rear yard).
C. In nonresidential zoning districts, fences shall not exceed eight feet in height without a conditional use permit except as provided in SVMC 22.70.020(H).
D. The height of a fence shall be measured from the base of the fence.
E. In nonresidential zoning districts, barbed wire may be used for security purposes only on the upper one-quarter of the fence unless the use is adjacent to a residential zoning district, in which case no barbed wire shall be allowed on the portion of the fence adjacent to the residential zoning district. An administrative exception may be granted by the city manager or designee for public utility distribution or transmission facilities seeking relief from barbed wire requirements.
F. In residential zoning districts, barbed wire fences may only be used to confine animals if the parcel meets the animal raising and keeping requirements contained in SVMC 19.65.020.
G. Barbed wire shall not project outside of the property line or into the public right-of-way.
H. Electric fences shall only be allowed to enclose outdoor storage areas in nonresidential zoning districts or to confine animals in residential zoning districts. Electric fences shall not be allowed for any other purpose. Electric fences shall:
1. Not exceed 10 feet in height when used for outdoor storage or eight feet in height when used to confine animals;
2. Be clearly marked with warning signs at least 24 square inches in area located every 60 feet;
3. Be surrounded by a non-electrical fence located within 12 inches of the electrical fence;
4. Have an energizer driven by a commercial storage battery that does not exceed 12 volts DC; and
5. Not produce a charge upon contact that exceeds the energizer characteristics set forth in paragraph 22.108 and depicted in Figure 102 of International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Standard 60335-2-76.
I. Fences and all sight obstructions including vegetation shall be located outside of the clearview triangle pursuant to SVMC 22.70.030 and shall not block the view of fire protection equipment. (Ord. 20-003 § 3, 2020; Ord. 17-004 § 3, 2017; Ord. 16-018 § 6 (Att. B), 2016).
22.70.030 Clearview triangle.
A. A sight distance is the length of roadway visible to a driver. The clearview triangle is the triangular area calculated at the intersection of two streets or the intersection of an alley, private street or driveway, and a street to provide the required sight distance and provide unobstructed vision to motorists and pedestrians.
1. For commercial approaches, alley approaches, and stop sign controlled intersections, the clearview triangle shall be calculated pursuant to Table 22.70-1 and Figure 22.70-1.
|
Case Type |
Through Street Speed Limit (mph)1 |
Distance to Point A in Feet |
Required Sight Distance1,2,3 (BC) in Feet |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Commercial approaches, alley approaches, and stop sign controlled intersections2 |
25 |
15 |
280 |
|
30 |
335 |
||
|
35 |
390 |
||
|
Signal controlled intersection, yield controlled or all-way stop sign controlled |
|
Per AASHTO Green Book |
|
1. Required sight distance shall be adjusted for grades three percent or greater, more than two lanes, skewed intersections, sharp curves, posted speeds in excess of 35 miles per hour (mph), or for vehicles other than passenger cars pursuant to the street standards as adopted pursuant to SVMC 22.130.040.
2. For stop sign controlled intersections, commercial approaches, and alley approaches, use Figure 22.70-1 to determine required sight distance and location of Point A.
3. To determine the clearview triangle, locate points A and C, determine the required distance (BC/CB) using Table 22.70-1, locate point B and connect points A, B, and C. The area enclosed by points A, B, C and the right-of-way is the clearview triangle, hatched area in Figure 22.70-1.
Figure 22.70-1 – Clearview Triangle for Commercial Approaches and Stop Sign Controlled Intersections
2. For uncontrolled street intersections (e.g., intersecting local access streets), the clearview triangle shall be calculated pursuant to Figure 22.70-2.
Figure 22.70-2 – Clearview Triangle for Uncontrolled Street Intersections
3. For noncommercial driveways, the clearview triangle shall be calculated pursuant to Figure 22.70-3.
Figure 22.70-3 – Clearview Triangle for Noncommercial Approaches
B. Within the clearview triangle, the space between three and one-half feet and seven feet above the street, or three feet and six and one-half feet above the sidewalk, shall be unobstructed from vegetation, structures, signs, and other view obstructions in the manner shown pursuant to Figure 22.70-4.
Figure 22.70-4 – Clearview Triangle Vertical Clearance Requirements
C. Exemptions. Clearview triangle requirements shall not apply to:
1. Public utility poles;
2. Trees, so long as they are not planted in the form of a hedge and the shortest branches are trimmed to a height of at least seven feet above the street surface;
3. Properties where the natural ground contour penetrates the clearview triangle; or
4. Traffic control devices installed by the City;
5. Parked vehicles, provided they are legally parked, currently registered, and operable. (Ord. 23-023 § 3, 2023; Ord. 16-018 § 6 (Att. B), 2016).
22.70.040 General landscaping.
A. Applicability. The provisions of SVMC 22.70.040 shall apply to nonresidential projects, multifamily projects and subdivisions. They shall not apply to projects located in an industrial zoning district.
B. Multifamily and nonresidential projects, except when located in an industrial zoning district, shall provide the required landscaping points pursuant to Table 22.70-2.
|
Improved Area1 |
Number of Landscaping Points Required |
|---|---|
|
Developed area (500 – 2,500 sq. ft.) |
25 |
|
Developed area (2,501 – 5,000 sq. ft.) |
50 |
|
Developed area (over 5,000 sq. ft.) |
50 plus one point for each 200 sq. ft. of area over 5,000 sq. ft. |
|
Parking (where 10 or more parking spaces are required) |
Two per required parking space plus one for each proposed additional parking space |
|
Stand-alone parking lots (one or more parking spaces) |
Three per parking space |
1. Developed area shall be calculated as the area of the building and amenities including patios, sidewalks, and common areas. Required landscaping points for parking areas shall be calculated based on the number of parking spaces as provided in Table 22.70-2.
C. Modification of Landscaping Requirements. The city manager or designee may approve modifications to the landscape requirements when the applicant demonstrates that:
1. Required landscaping directly interferes with the operation or maintenance of existing stormwater facilities or natural drainage systems; or
2. Existing development, improvements, utilities, or easements directly preclude installation of the required landscaping.
D. Landscaping Plan Requirements. A landscaping plan shall be prepared and stamped by a landscape architect licensed by the state of Washington when a proposal requires 150 or more landscape points. Landscape plans shall include the size and type of landscaping materials and vegetation, the dimensions of the lot(s), the developed area, parking areas, and point calculations showing compliance with the requirements of Chapter 22.70 SVMC.
E. An applicant may use any combination of planting materials to meet the requirements of SVMC 22.70.040. Landscaping point values to meet the landscaping point requirements shall be calculated pursuant to Table 22.70-3.
1. The landscaping point values listed in Table 22.70-3 may be increased by 20 percent for xeriscaping plantings pursuant to Appendix 22-A, Recommended Planting List.
2. When an applicant proposes to preserve existing healthy trees or shrubs, the point value for the specified type of preserved vegetation pursuant to Table 22.70-3 may be used for the vegetation to be preserved. Preserved vegetation shall be protected during development and if any is destroyed, it shall be replaced so that landscaping point requirements are met.
|
Type of Plant Material |
Minimum Size (at time of planting) |
Point Value |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Deciduous Trees |
Evergreen Trees |
New Vegetation |
Preserved Vegetation |
|
|
Large Tree |
Over 25-inch caliper |
>41 |
|
58 |
|
20.1-inch to 25-inch caliper |
37 – 40 ft. |
|
46 |
|
|
15.1-inch to 20-inch caliper |
33 – 36 ft. |
|
40 |
|
|
10.1-inch to 15-inch DBH |
29 – 32 ft. |
|
35 |
|
|
8 – 10 inch |
22 – 28 ft. |
26 |
30 |
|
|
7 inch |
19 – 21 ft. |
24 |
28 |
|
|
6 inch |
16 – 18 ft. |
22 |
25 |
|
|
5 inch |
13 – 15 ft. |
20 |
23 |
|
|
4 inch |
11 – 12 ft. |
18 |
21 |
|
|
3 inch |
9 – 10 ft. |
15 |
17 |
|
|
Medium Tree |
2 inch |
7 – 8 ft. |
12 |
14 |
|
Small Tree |
Single trunk: at least 1 inch |
5 – 6 ft. |
9 |
10 |
|
Ornamental Tree |
Multiple trunk (minimum 3 trunks): smallest trunk 1-inch caliper |
5 – 6 ft. |
9 |
10 |
|
Large Shrub |
5-gallon and 24-inch height at planting |
|
3 |
4 |
|
Medium Shrub |
3-gallon and 12-inch height at planting |
|
2 |
3 |
|
Small Shrub |
2-gallon and 8-inch height at planting |
|
1 |
n/a |
|
Ornamental Grasses |
1 gallon |
|
1/2 |
n/a |
|
Groundcover |
1 gallon |
|
1/2 |
n/a |
|
|
4-inch pots |
|
1/4 |
n/a |
|
Landscaped Berm |
30-inch height; 10-foot length; 3:1 slope |
|
1 per 5 linear ft. |
n/a |
|
Turf Grass |
n/a |
|
1/4 per sq. yd. |
n/a |
(Ord. 17-004 § 3, 2017; Ord. 16-018 § 6 (Att. B), 2016).
22.70.050 Parking landscaping.
A. Applicability. The provisions of SVMC 22.70.050 shall apply to parking areas for nonresidential projects requiring landscaping pursuant to Table 22.70-2.
B. Exemptions. These provisions shall not apply to projects located in an industrial zoning district, parking garages or parking decks, or display areas for automotive and equipment sales and rentals.
C. Location.
1. All parking lot planting areas shall be protected with concrete curbs, or equivalent barriers. Bumper blocks shall not be used for boundaries around the landscaped area.
2. All landscaping shall be located intermittently between parking stalls, at the end of parking columns, or between stalls and the property line.
3. When parking islands are provided, trees shall be planted a minimum of two feet away from the outside of any permanent barrier of a landscaped area or edge of the parking area.
D. Headlight Screening.
1. Headlight screening shall be provided on the property line adjacent to the parking stalls when parking spaces are perpendicular and/or at an angle facing the public right-of-way or proposed within 20 feet of structures located on adjacent parcels.
2. Headlight screening shall be at least 30 inches and a maximum of 42 inches height for the length of the parking area and shall consist of evergreen plantings, masonry walls, fencing, earthen berms, or other similar materials.
3. Headlight screening shall not be required when more stringent buffering is required along the property line adjacent to the parking area. (Ord. 16-018 § 6 (Att. B), 2016).
22.70.060 Street trees.
A. Applicability. The provisions of SVMC 22.70.060 shall apply to multifamily, nonresidential projects, and subdivisions adjacent to public streets. They shall not apply to projects located in an industrial zoning district.
B. Development shall provide one medium tree or larger for each 75 linear feet, or fraction thereof, for the portion of the development abutting the right-of-way. Trees shall be planted in or within 10 feet of the right-of-way in sleeves designed to direct root development. Trees shall be evenly spaced.
C. Trees may be grouped when conflicts such as utilities, site topography, vehicular maneuvering areas, and clearview triangle limitations exist and prevent the installation of evenly spaced street trees.
D. Street trees shall be selected from Appendix 22-A, Recommended Planting List, Street Trees for Under Utility Lines. (Ord. 16-018 § 6 (Att. B), 2016).
22.70.070 Screening.
A. Applicability. The provisions of SVMC 22.70.070 shall apply to multifamily, subdivisions, and nonresidential projects in all zoning districts including the industrial zoning district.
B. Visual screening pursuant to SVMC 22.70.070(C) shall be installed along the applicable adjoining property line when:
1. A nonresidential project abuts a multifamily project; or
2. A subdivision has lots that back to arterial streets.
C. Visual screening shall consist of one or a combination of the following:
1. A 100 percent sight obscuring fence. Fences may be made of wood, ornamental iron, aluminum, brick, masonry, architectural panels, chain link with slats, or other permanent materials;
2. A maintained, landscaped earthen-berm at least five feet wide with a minimum of 10 points of landscaping for every 25 linear feet of buffer area;
3. A natural, undisturbed wooded area that forms a solid screen; or
4. A five-foot-wide landscape screen that shall consist of:
a. A mixture of evergreen and deciduous trees, planted at a distance of not less than 35 feet on center, with a maximum of 75 percent of the trees being deciduous;
b. Evergreen shrubs shall comprise at least 50 percent of the plantings;
c. A minimum of 18 points of landscaping shall be installed for every 25 linear feet of buffer area.
D. Full screening shall be installed along the applicable adjoining property line when:
1. A multifamily or nonresidential project abuts a single-family residential zoning district;
2. A multifamily project abuts single-family residential use located in a multifamily zoning district;
3. The project is a manufactured home park;
4. A project located in the industrial zoning district abuts a different zoning district; or
5. An industrial use has the potential to substantially impact adjacent properties with noise, nuisance, or vibration as determined by the city manager or designee.
E. Full screening shall consist of a 100 percent sight obscuring fence and one or a combination of the visual screening options pursuant to SVMC 22.70.070(C)(2) through (4).
F. Height of Screening. The height of screening shall comply with the following:
1. Visual or full screening shall be a minimum of six feet high measured from the finished grade, except as provided in 22.70.070(F)(2).
2. Where the elevation of the finished grade within six feet of the screen differs from one side of the screen to the other (as when a fence is placed at the top of a slope or a retaining wall), the height shall be measured from the side with the lowest finished grade elevation. (Ord. 17-004 § 3, 2017; Ord. 16-018 § 6 (Att. B), 2016).
22.70.080 Dumpster screening.
A. Applicability. The provisions of SVMC 22.70.080 shall apply to multifamily and nonresidential projects. These provisions shall not apply to projects located in an industrial zoning district.
B. Dumpsters shall be enclosed on all four sides by a six-foot-high, 100 percent sight obscuring fence. (Ord. 16-018 § 6 (Att. B), 2016).
22.70.090 Installation, maintenance, and enforcement.
A. All plant material planted to meet the minimum requirements of Chapter 22.70 SVMC shall be in a healthy condition at the time of planting and shall meet quality standards set forth by the American Standard for Nursery Stock.
B. All newly planted trees and shrubs shall be mulched and maintained in healthy conditions and to give a clean and weed-free appearance. Trees may be staked for a period of not more than 12 months after planting. Maintenance of required landscaping shall be the responsibility of the property owner.
C. The type and location of vegetation shall not interfere with utilities and the safe and efficient flow of street traffic. Approval by the appropriate City department and utility provider shall be required.
D. Turf grass shall be planted, seeded, watered, and maintained in such a manner as to completely cover all exposed areas of soil after one full growing season.
E. Disturbed ground shall not be left exposed. Grass and other approved ground covers or mulch shall cover all unpaved and undeveloped areas.
F. Landscaping may be included within stormwater facilities, providing it does not conflict with the operation of the stormwater facilities and complies with Chapter 22.150 SVMC and Stormwater Guidelines Chapter 7.8.9.
G. Prior to the issuance of a certificate of occupancy, person(s) who prepared any required landscape plan shall certify that the irrigation systems and landscaping have been installed in accordance with approved plans and specifications.
H. The city manager or designee may authorize a delay where planting season conflicts would produce a high probability of plant loss.
I. Landscaping shall be maintained to allow fire protection equipment to be seen from approach and provide for a three-foot clear area around all fire protection equipment in accordance with the International Fire Code pursuant to SVMC 24.40.020.
J. Landscaping within the clearview triangle shall be maintained pursuant to SVMC 22.70.030. (Ord. 17-004 § 3, 2017; Ord. 16-018 § 6 (Att. B), 2016).
|
Recommended Planting Species |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
|
Scientific Name |
Common Name |
Mature Height (ft) |
Shape and Characteristics |
|
LARGE TREES |
|||
|
Robina pseudoacacia ‘Frisia’ |
Frisia locust |
40' |
Oval with upright arching branches. |
|
Acer rubrum ‘October Glory’ |
October glory maple |
40' |
Broadly oval to round. |
|
Pyrus calleryana ‘Redspire’ |
Redspire pear |
35' |
Pyramidal, dense and symmetrical. |
|
Pyrus calleryana ‘Trinity’ |
Trinity pear |
30' |
Broadly oval to round. |
|
Pyrus calleryana ‘Autumn Blaze’ |
Autumn blaze pear |
30' |
Rounded. |
|
Acer pseudoplatanus |
Sycamore maple |
40' |
Upright spreading branches. Rounded crown. |
|
Acer rubrum |
Red maple |
40' |
Broadly oval to round. |
|
Pseudotsuga menziesii |
Douglas fir |
80' – 150' |
Narrow leaves, dark blue-green conifer above. |
|
Quercus coccinea |
Scarlet oak |
55' – 65' |
Outward branching, rounded with age. Good fall color. |
|
Tilia condata ‘Greenspire’ |
Greenspire |
60' |
Little leaf linden, symmetrical. |
|
Gleditsia tricanthos inermis moraine |
Thornless honey locust |
60' |
Allows filtered sunlight, long lived adaptable tree. |
|
Carpinus betulus ‘Fastigiata’ |
Pyramidal European hornbeam |
35' |
Dense, compact, narrow when young, becoming oval. Columnar shape. |
|
Acer rubrum ‘Armstrong’ |
Armstrong maple |
45' |
Narrow, columnar habit. |
|
Pyrus calleryana ‘Chanticleer’ |
Chanticleer pear |
40' |
Upright, narrowly pyramidal. |
|
STREET TREES FOR UNDER UTILITY LINES |
|||
|
Acer buergeranum |
Trident maple |
20' |
Low spreading growth; multiple stems; oval; round; can be trained. |
|
Acer griseum |
Paperbark maple |
20' |
Multiple trunks which branch close to the ground; oval; upright; vase shape. |
|
Acer saccharum ‘Barrett Cole’ |
Apollo maple |
20' |
Narrow, columnar shape. |
|
Acer tataricum |
Tartarian maple |
20' |
Large shrub to small tree; oval to rounded; often low branched. |
|
Amelanchier laevis ‘Snowcloud’ |
Snow cloud serviceberry |
20' |
Small tree with multiple stems upright and tightly branched, forming dense shrub; vase shape. |
|
Cornus kousa |
Kousa dogwood |
20' |
Branches grow upright and mature into horizontal layers; fruit bearing; round. |
|
Crataegus crus-galli ‘Inermis’ |
Thornless cockspur hawthorn |
20' |
Tight branching habit; dense, broadly rounded crown; becoming spreading and horizontal with age. |
|
Crataegus laevigata ‘Crimson Cloud’ |
Crimson cloud hawthorn |
20' |
Grows rapidly in pyramid form; branching is droopy; oval shaped. |
|
Crataegus x mordenensis ‘Snowbird’ |
Hawthorn snowbird |
20' |
Low headed, upright, oval. |
|
Crataegus phaenopyrum |
Washington hawthorn |
20' |
Branches droop; typically one trunk; crown is pyramidal. |
|
Fraxinus pennsylvanica ‘Johnson’ |
Leprechaun ash |
20' |
Dwarf form; compact oval head to become rounded with maturity. |
|
Maackia amurensis |
Amur maackia |
20' |
Numerous small-diameter trunks originating from lower trunk; symmetrical canopy round; vase shape. |
|
Malus x zumi ‘Calocarpa’ |
Crabapple – |
20' |
Dense, pyramidal form with weeping branch tips. |
|
|
Adams |
|
“Adams” – Round. |
|
|
Adirondack |
|
“Adirondack” – Columnar. |
|
|
Centurion |
|
“Centurion” – Upright vase. |
|
|
Indian summer |
|
“Indian Summer” – Round. |
|
|
Prairiefire |
|
“Prairiefire” – Upright, spreading. |
|
|
Professor Sprenger |
|
“Professor Sprenger” – Upright, spreading. |
|
|
Purple prince |
|
“Purple Prince” – Upright, spreading. |
|
|
Sentinel |
|
“Sentinel” – Upright, vase shaped. |
|
Prunus ‘Accolade’ |
Accolade cherry |
20' |
Flat-topped small tree. |
|
Prunus cerasifera ‘Krauter Vesuvius’ |
Krauter Vesuvius plum |
20' |
Upright, rounded. |
|
Prunus ‘Frankthrees’ |
Mt. St. Helens plum |
20' |
Dense crown. |
|
Prunus maachi |
Amur chokecherry |
20' |
Upright with slightly hairy branchlets; oval becoming rounded with age. |
|
Prunus ‘Newport’ |
Newport plum |
20' |
Dense; round; vase shaped. |
|
Prunus serrulata ‘Kwanzan’ |
Japanese flowering cherry, Kwanzan |
20' |
Upright vase to round to horizontal. |
|
Prunus serrulata ‘Royal Burgundy’ |
Japanese flowering cherry, royal burgundy |
20' |
Rounded to horizontal. |
|
Prunus ‘Snow Goose’ |
Snow goose cherry |
20' |
Upright in youth becoming much wider with age; well-spaced branches. |
|
Sorbis Americana ‘Dwarfcrown’ |
Red cascade mountain ash |
20' |
Compact, oval tree, great for small spaces. |
|
Tilia cordata ‘Halka’ |
Summer sprite linden |
20' |
Small mature size; densely pyramidal shape. |
|
Zelkova ‘Schmidtlow’ |
Wireless Zelkova |
20' |
Broadly spreading vase; flattened top at maturity. |
|
SMALL TREES AND LARGE SHRUBS |
|||
|
Cercidiphyllum japonicum |
Katsura tree |
20' |
Upright and pyramidal when young, often becoming round in age. |
|
Prunus serrulata ‘Kwanzan’ |
Kwanzan cherry |
20' |
Stiffly vase shaped. |
|
Prunus serrulata ‘Mt. Fuji’ |
Mt. Fuji cherry |
15' |
Spreading. |
|
Prunus x cistena |
Cistena plum |
8' |
Rounded shrub. |
|
Prunus ‘Frankthrees’ |
Mt. St. Helens plum |
20' |
Upright spreading, rounded. |
|
Prunus cerasifera ‘Thundercloud’ |
Thundercloud plum |
20' |
Upright spreading, dense, rounded. |
|
Prunus x yedoensis |
Yoshino cherry |
30' |
Upright spreading branches, rounded crown. |
|
Acer circinatum |
Vine maple |
10' – 20' |
Multi-stemmed, upright spreading, fine-textured branches. |
|
Cercis canadensis |
Eastern redbud |
25' |
Multi-stemmed or low branching tree, ascending then spreading branches, somewhat flat topped. |
|
Acer ginnala |
Amur maple |
15' – 18' |
Multi-stemmed, good fall color. |
|
Viburnum opulus |
European cranberry bush |
8' – 12' |
Spring flower, fall color, red berry. |
|
MEDIUM TO LARGE SHRUBS |
|||
|
Cornus alba ‘Bailhalo’ |
Tatarian dogwood |
5' – 10' |
Variegated leaf, red twig, winter interest. |
|
Cornus sericea |
Redosier dogwood |
4' – 8' |
Red twig, winter interest. |
|
Cornus sericea ‘Flaviramea’ |
Yellowtwig dogwood |
8' |
Yellow twig, winter interest. |
|
Holodiscus discolor |
Ocean spray |
8' |
Native, white flower plumes in early summer. |
|
Cotoneaster dammeri ‘Coral Beauty’ |
Coral beauty cotoneaster |
5' |
Grown on a standard. |
|
Forsythia x intermedia ‘Arnold Giant’ |
Forsythia |
15' |
Nodding, rich yellow flowers. |
|
Amelanchier |
Serviceberry |
8' – 20' |
Woolly new leaves, spring flowers in upright sprays, native. |
|
Physocarpus |
Golden ninebark |
6' – 8' |
Leaves usually three-lobed, light green. |
|
Salix purpurea |
Purpleosier willow |
5' – 10' |
Purple twig, silvery underleaf. |
|
Viburnum dentatum |
Arrowwood viburnum |
4' – 6' |
Good fall color. |
|
Viburnum edule |
Squashberry/highbush |
4' – 8' |
Native, white flower, red fall color. |
|
Viburnum lantana ‘Mohican’ |
Hobblebush |
8' |
Dark green foliage, white flower, red to black berry. |
|
Viburnum trilobum |
American cranberry bush |
8' – 12' |
White spring flower, red fall color, red berry. |
|
Spirea thunbergii |
Thunberg spirea |
5' |
Thin hairy stem, toothed margins. |
|
Eunonymus alatus ‘compactus’ |
Compact burning bush |
3' – 6' |
Strong horizontal structure, autumn color. |
|
SMALL SHRUBS |
|||
|
Berberis thunbergii atropurpurea ‘Crimson Pygmy’ |
Crimson pygmy barberry |
2' – 3' |
Rounded, purple leaves. |
|
Potentilla fruticosa |
Shrubby cinquefoil |
2' – 3' |
Many natives and cultivars with different colored flowers. |
|
Spirea x bumalda ‘Anthony Water’ |
Anthony Waterer spirea |
2' – 4' |
Broad, rounded. |
|
Spirea x bumalda ‘Gold Flame’ |
Gold flame spirea |
2' – 4’ |
Mounded. |
|
GRASSES, SEDGES, AND RUSHES |
|||
|
Andropogan gerardii |
Big bluestem |
6' |
Gray-blue leaf, very deep roots, attractive flowers. |
|
Festuca glauca |
Blue fescue |
1' |
Densely tufted evergreen grass. |
|
Imperata |
Japanese blood grass |
2' |
Leaves tinted wine red. |
|
Miscanthus sinensis |
Tall variegated grass |
15' |
Tall clump-forming grass. |
|
Phalaris arundinacea |
Ribbon grass |
4' – 5' |
Soft arching leaves. |
|
Calamagrostis x acutiflora |
Feather reed grass |
5' – 7' |
Clump-forming grass. |
|
GROUNDCOVERS |
|||
|
Alchemilla mollis |
Lady’s mantle |
2' |
Chartreuse flower, deer resistant. |
|
Galium odoratum |
Sweet woodruff |
1' |
Fragrant leaf, small white flower. |
|
Maianthemum dilatatum |
False lily of the valley |
1' |
Native, white flower, red berry. |
|
Myosotis scorpioides |
True forget-me-not |
1' |
Small blue or white flower. |
|
Pachysandra terminalis |
Japanese spurge |
1' |
Shiny leaf. |
|
Potentilla plattensis |
Platte River cinquefoil |
1' |
Native groundcover, yellow flower. |
|
Ajuga |
Bugle |
4" – 8" |
Low spreading. |
|
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi |
Kinnikinnick |
4" |
White flowers flushed pink. |
|
Vinca minor |
Periwinkle |
8" |
Tight mat-forming evergreen with dark green leaves. |
|
PERENNIALS |
|||
|
Aster novae-angliae |
New England aster |
2' – 5' |
Many varieties available, late summer bloom. |
|
Aster novi-belgii |
Michaelmas daisy |
2' – 4' |
Many varieties available, late summer bloom. |
|
Dodecatheon pulchellum |
Darkthroat shootingstar |
2' |
Native, pink flower in spring. |
|
Echinacea purpurea |
Coneflower |
3' |
Long blooming period in late summer/fall. |
|
Eupatorium purpureum |
Joe Pye weed |
7' |
Striking size and form, purplish flower attracts butterflies. |
|
Hemerocallis species |
Daylily |
2' |
Long bloom in spring and summer. |
|
Iliamna rivularis |
Streambank wild hollyhock |
6' |
Native, fragrant pink flowers. |
|
Chrysanthemum |
Shasta daisy |
1' – 5' |
Variety of colors. |
|
XERISCAPE TREES |
|||
|
Abies concolor |
White fir |
|
|
|
Abies lasiocarpa |
Subalpine fir |
|
|
|
Acer glabrum |
Rocky Mountain maple |
|
|
|
Acer grandidentatum |
Canyon maple |
|
|
|
Acer tataricum |
Tatarian maple |
|
|
|
Amelanchier x grandiflora |
Apple serviceberry |
|
|
|
Betula occidentalis |
Water birch |
|
|
|
Calocedrus decurrens |
California incense cedar |
|
|
|
Celtis reticulata |
Netleaf hackberry |
|
|
|
Cladrastis kentukea |
Yellowwood |
|
|
|
Cotinus coggygria |
Smoke tree |
|
|
|
Crataegus spp. |
Hawthorn |
|
|
|
X Cupressocyparis leylandii |
Leyland cypress |
|
|
|
Fraxinus pennsylvanica |
Green ash |
|
|
|
Ginkgo biloba |
Ginkgo |
|
|
|
Gleditsia triacanthos |
Thornless honeylocust |
|
|
|
Gymnocladus dioica |
Kentucky coffee tree |
|
|
|
Juniperus scopulorum |
Rocky Mountain juniper |
|
|
|
Koelreuteria paniculata |
Goldenrain tree |
|
|
|
Maackia amurensis |
Amur maackia |
|
|
|
Ostrya virginiana |
Ironwood |
|
|
|
Phellodendron sp. |
Cork tree |
|
|
|
Picea pungens |
Colorado spruce |
|
|
|
Pinus aristata |
Bristlecone pine |
|
|
|
Pinus cembra |
Swiss stone pine |
|
|
|
Pinus flexilis |
Limber pine |
|
|
|
Pinus leucodermis |
Bosnian pine |
|
|
|
Pinus nigra |
Austrian pine |
|
|
|
Pinus ponderosa |
Western yellow pine |
|
|
|
Ptelea trifoliata |
Hoptree |
|
|
|
Rhus typhina |
Staghorn sumac |
|
|
|
Sorbus aucuparia |
European mountain ash |
|
|
|
Styphnolobium japonicum (Sophora japonica) |
Japanese pagoda tree |
|
|
|
Tilia tomentosa |
Silver linden |
|
|
|
Ulmus parvifolia |
Lacebark elm |
|
|
|
XERISCAPE SHRUBS |
|||
|
Amelanchier alnifolia |
Western serviceberry |
|
|
|
Artemisia spp. |
Sagebrush/Wormwood |
|
|
|
Berberis koreana |
Korean barberry |
|
|
|
Berberis thunbergii |
Japanese barberry |
|
|
|
Caragana arborescens |
Siberian peashrub |
|
|
|
Caryopteris x clandonensis |
Blue spirea |
|
|
|
Ceanothus velutinus |
Snowbrush ceanothus |
|
|
|
Cercocarpus montanus |
True mountain mahogany |
|
|
|
Chaenomeles spp. |
Flowering quince |
|
|
|
Chamaebatiaria millefolium |
Fernbush |
|
|
|
Cotoneaster apiculatus |
Cranberry cotoneaster |
|
|
|
Cotoneaster lucidus |
Hedge cotoneaster |
|
|
|
Daphne x burkwoodii |
Burkwood daphne |
|
|
|
Ericameria (Chrysothamnus) nauseosus |
Rabbitbrush |
|
|
|
Euonymus alatus |
Burning bush |
|
|
|
Holodiscus discolor |
Ocean spray |
|
|
|
Juniperus spp. |
Juniper |
|
|
|
Kerria japonica |
Japanese kerria |
|
|
|
Kolkwitzia amabilis |
Beauty bush |
|
|
|
Lonicera xylosteum |
Fly honeysuckle |
|
|
|
Ligustrum vulgare |
Common privet |
|
|
|
Mahonia aquifolium |
Oregon grapeholly |
|
|
|
Paxistima myritifolia |
Oregon boxwood |
|
|
|
Philadelphus lewisii |
Wild mockorange |
|
|
|
Photinia (Aronia) arbutifolia |
Red chokeberry |
|
|
|
Physocarpus capitatus |
Western ninebark |
|
|
|
Physocarpus malvaceus |
Mallow ninebark |
|
|
|
Picea abies ‘Nidiformis’ |
Bird’s nest spruce |
|
|
|
Potentilla fruticosa |
Bush cinquefoil |
|
|
|
Ribes aureum |
Golden currant |
|
|
|
Ribes sanguineum |
Winter currant |
|
|
|
Rosa nutkana |
Nootka rose |
|
|
|
Rosa rubrifolia |
Redleaf rose |
|
|
|
Rosa rugosa |
Rugosa rose |
|
|
|
Salix exigua |
Coyote willow |
|
|
|
Spiraea betulifolia |
Birchleaf spirea |
|
|
|
Spiraea x vanhouttei |
Vanhoutte spirea |
|
|
|
Symphoricarpos spp. |
Snowberry |
|
|
|
Syringa spp. |
Lilac |
|
|
|
Taxus spp. |
Yew |
|
|
|
Viburnum x burkwoodii |
Burkwood viburnum |
|
|
|
Viburnum x carlcephalum |
Fragrant viburnum |
|
|
|
Viburnum lantana |
Wayfaring tree |
|
|
|
Yucca spp. |
Yucca |
|
|
|
XERISCAPE VINES |
|||
|
Campsis radicans |
Trumpet vine |
|
|
|
Clematis columbiana |
Rock clematis |
|
|
|
Clematis tangutica |
Golden clematis |
|
|
|
Euonymus fortunei |
Wintercreeper euonymus |
|
|
|
Lonicera ciliosa |
Orange honeysuckle |
|
|
|
Parthenocissus quinquefolia |
Virginia creeper |
|
|
|
Parthenocissus tricuspidata |
Boston ivy |
|
|
|
Vitus vinifera |
Grape vine |
|
|
|
Wisteria spp. |
Wisteria |
|
|
|
XERISCAPE GROUNDCOVER |
|||
|
Achillea tomentosa |
Wooly yarrow |
|
|
|
Antennaria spp. |
Pussytoes |
|
|
|
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi |
Kinnikinnick |
|
|
|
Asarum caudatum |
Wild ginger |
|
|
|
Cerastium tomentosum |
Snow-in-summer |
|
|
|
Cotoneaster horizontalis |
Rockspray cotoneaster |
|
|
|
Dryas octopetala |
Mountain avens |
|
|
|
Epimedium spp. |
Bishop’s hat |
|
|
|
Eriogonum umbellatum |
Buckwheat |
|
|
|
Fragaria chiloensis |
Beach strawberry |
|
|
|
Gypsophila repens |
Creeping baby’s breath |
|
|
|
Hypericum calycinum |
St. John’s wort |
|
|
|
Juniperus horizontalis |
Creeping juniper |
|
|
|
Mahonia repens |
Creeping mahonia |
|
|
|
Microbiota decussata |
Russian arborvitae |
|
|
|
Potentilla tridentata |
Wineleaf cinquefoil |
|
|
|
Rhus trilobata |
Three leaf sumac |
|
|
|
Sedum spp. |
Stonecrop |
|
|
|
Stachys byzantina |
Lamb’s ears |
|
|
|
Symphytum grandiflorum |
Yellow comfrey |
|
|
|
Thymus spp. |
Thyme |
|
|
|
Veronica liwanensis |
Turkish speedwell |
|
|
|
Veronica pectinata |
Wooly veronica |
|
|
|
XERISCAPE PERENNIALS |
|||
|
Achillea spp. |
Yarrow |
|
|
|
Alchemilla mollis |
Lady’s mantle |
|
|
|
Aquilegia spp. |
Columbine |
|
|
|
Armeria maritima |
Sea pink |
|
|
|
Aster divaricatus |
White wood aster |
|
|
|
Aurinia saxatilis |
Basket-of-gold |
|
|
|
Bergenia spp. |
Bergenia |
|
|
|
Campanula spp. |
Bellflower |
|
|
|
Centranthus ruber |
Jupiter’s beard |
|
|
|
Coreopsis verticillata |
Threadleaf coreopsis |
|
|
|
Corydalis lutea |
Yellow corydalis |
|
|
|
Dianthus spp. |
Pink |
|
|
|
Echinacea purpurea |
Purple coneflower |
|
|
|
Eremurus stenophyllus |
Foxtail lily |
|
|
|
Euphorbia amygdaloides ‘Rubra’ |
Red wood spurge |
|
|
|
Euphorbia griffithii ‘Fireglow’ |
Spurge |
|
|
|
Gaillardia spp. |
Blanketflower |
|
|
|
Geranium spp. |
Hardy geranium |
|
|
|
Geum triflorum |
Prairie smoke |
|
|
|
Helianthemum nummularium |
Sunrose |
|
|
|
Helleborus orientalis |
Lenten rose |
|
|
|
Hemerocallis spp. |
Daylily |
|
|
|
Heuchera spp. |
Coralbells |
|
|
|
Hosta spp. |
Plantain lily |
|
|
|
Iberis sempervirens |
Evergreen candytuft |
|
|
|
Iris spp. |
Iris |
|
|
|
Knautia macedonica |
Crimson pincushion flower |
|
|
|
Lavandula angustifolia |
Lavender |
|
|
|
Liatris spp. |
Gayfeather |
|
|
|
Limonium latifolium |
Sea lavender |
|
|
|
Linum perenne |
Blue flax |
|
|
|
Paeonia spp. |
Peony |
|
|
|
Papaver orientale |
Oriental poppy |
|
|
|
Penstemon spp. |
Beardtongue |
|
|
|
Perovskia atriplicifolia |
Russian sage |
|
|
|
Pulsatilla vulgaris |
Pasque flower |
|
|
|
Rudbeckia spp. |
Gloriosa daisy |
|
|
|
Salvia spp. |
Sage |
|
|
|
Santolina chamaecyparissus |
Lavender cotton |
|
|
|
Sedum spp. |
Sedum |
|
|
|
Sempervivum spp. |
Hen and chicks |
|
|
|
Teucrium chamaedrys |
Germander |
|
|
|
XERISCAPE PERENNIAL GRASSES |
|||
|
Buchloe dactyloides |
Buffalograss |
|
|
|
Calamagrostis x acutiflora ‘Karl Foerster’ |
Feather reed grass |
|
|
|
Festuca ovina var. glauca |
Blue fescue |
|
|
|
Helictotrichon sempervirens |
Blue oat grass |
|
|
|
Luzula sylvatica |
Greater woodrush |
|
|
|
Miscanthus sinensis ‘Morning Light’ |
Maiden grass |
|
|
|
Panicum virgatum |
Switch grass |
|
|
|
Seslaria spp. |
Moor grass |
|
|
(Ord. 16-018 § 6 (Att. B), 2016).