Chapter 13.24 CROSS-CONNECTIONS

1. To protect the public water supply against actual or potential cross-connection by isolating within the premises contamination that may occur because of some undiscovered or unauthorized cross-connection on the premises;

2. To eliminate existing connections between drinking water systems and other sources of water that are not approved as safe and potable for human consumption;

3. To eliminate cross-connections between drinking water systems and sources of contamination;

4. To prevent the making of cross-connections in the future. (Ord. 88-01 §1(part), 1988).

13.24.020 Statutory authority.

These regulations are adopted pursuant to the California Administrative Code, Title 17, Public Health entitled "Regulations Relating to Cross-Connections." (Ord. 88-01 §1(part), 1988).

13.24.030 Prohibitions--Generally.

It is unlawful for any person, firm, or corporation at any time to make or maintain or cause to be made or maintained temporarily or permanently, for any period of time whatsoever, any cross-connection between plumbing pipes or water fixtures being serviced with water by the city water department and any other source of water supply or to maintain any sanitary fixture or other appurtenances or fixtures which by reason of their construction may cause or allow backflow of water or other substances into the water supply of the city and/or the service of water pipes or fixtures of any consumer of the city. (Ord. 88-01 §1 (part), 1988).

ARTICLE II. DEFINITIONS

13.24.040 Air-gap separation.

"Air-gap separation" means a physical break between a supply pipe and a receiving vessel. The air-gap shall be at least double the diameter of the supply pipe measured vertically above the top rim of the vessel, in no case less than one inch. (Ord. 88-01 §2(A), 1988).

13.24.050 Approved backflow prevention device.

"Approved backflow prevention device" means devices which have passed laboratory and field evaluation tests performed by a recognized testing organization which has demonstrated their competency to perform such test to the California Department of Health Services. (Ord. 88-01 §2(B), 1988).

13.24.060 Approved water supply.

"Approved water supply" means any water supply whose potability is regulated by a state or local health agency. (Ord. 88-01 §2(C), 1988).

13.24.070 Auxiliary supply.

"Auxiliary supply" means any water supply on or available to the premises other than the approved water supply. (Ord. 88-01 §2(D), 1988).

13.24.080 AWWA standard.

"AWWA standard" means an official standard developed and approved by the American Water Works Association (AWWA). (Ord. 88-01 §2(E), 1988).

13.24.090 Backflow.

"Backflow" means a flow condition, caused by a differential in pressure, that causes the flow of water or other liquids, gases, mixtures or substances into the distributing pipes of a potable supply of water from any source or sources other than an approved water supply source. Backsiphonage is one cause of backflow. Back pressure is the other cause. (Ord. 88-01 §2(F), 1988).

13.24.100 Contamination.

"Contamination" means a degradation of the quality of the potable water by any foreign substance which creates a hazard to the public health or which may impair the usefulness or quality of the water. (Ord. 88-01 §2(G), 1988).

13.24.110 Cross-connection.

"Cross-connection" as used in this chapter means any unprotected actual or potential connection between a potable water system used to supply water for drinking purposes and any source or system containing unapproved water or a substance that is not or cannot be approved as safe, wholesome and potable. By-pass arrangements, jumper connections, removable sections, swivel or change-over devices or other devices through which backflow could occur, shall be considered to be cross-connections. (Ord. 88-01 §2(H), 1988).

13.24.120 Double check valve assembly.

"Double check valve assembly" means an assembly of at least two independently acting check valves including tightly closing shut-off valves on each side of the check valve assembly and test cocks available for testing the watertightness of each check valve. (Ord. 88-01 §2(I), 1988).

13.24.130 Health agency.

"Health agency" means the California Department of Health Services, or the local health agency with respect to a small water system. (Ord. 88-01 §2(J), 1988).

13.24.140 Local health agency.

"Local health agency" means the county or city health authority. (Ord. 88-01 §2(K), 1988).

13.24.150 Person.

"Person" means an individual, corporation, company, association, partnership, municipality, public utility or other public body or institution. (Ord. 88-01 §2(L), 1988).

13.24.160 Premises.

"Premises" means any and all areas on a customer’s property which are served or have the potential to be served by the public water system. (Ord. 88-01 §2(M), 1988).

13.24.170 Public water system.

"Public water system" means a system for the provision of piped water to the public for human consumption which has five or more service connections or regularly serves an average of twenty-five individuals daily at least sixty days out of the year. (Ord. 88-01 §2(N), 1988).

13.24.180 Reclaimed water.

"Reclaimed water" means a wastewater which as a result of treatment is suitable for uses other than potable use. (Ord. 88-01 §2(0), 1988).

13.24.190 Reduced pressure principle backflow prevention device.

"Reduced pressure principle backflow prevention device" means a device incorporating two or more check valves and an automatically operating differential relief valve located between the two checks, a tightly closing shut-off valve on each side of the check valve assembly, and equipped with necessary test cocks for testing. (Ord. 88-01 §2(P), 1988).

13.24.200 Service connection.

"Service connection" refers to the point of connection of a user’s piping to the water supplier’s facilities. (Ord. 88-01 §2(Q), 1988).

13.24.210 Water supplier.

"Water supplier" means the person who owns or operates the approved water supply system. (Ord. 88-01 §2(R), 1988).

13.24.220 Water user.

"Water user" means any person obtaining water from an approved water supply system. (Ord. 88-01 §2(S), 1988).

ARTICLE III. ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES

13.24.230 Water system survey--Generally.

A. The city shall review all requests for new services to determine if backflow protection is needed. Plans and specifications must be submitted to the city upon request for review of possible cross-connection hazards as a condition of service for new service connections. If it is determined that a backflow prevention device is necessary to protect the public water system, the required device must be installed before service will be granted.

B. The city may require an on-premises inspection to evaluate cross-connection hazards. The city will transmit a written notice requesting an inspection appointment to each affected water user. Any customer which cannot or will not allow on-premises inspection of their piping system shall be required to install the backflow prevention device the city considers necessary.

C. The city may, at its discretion, require a reinspection for cross-connection hazards of any premises to which it serves water. The city will transmit a written notice requesting an inspection appointment to each affected water user. Any customer which cannot or will not allow an on-premises inspection of their piping system shall be required to install the backflow prevention device the city considers necessary. (Ord. 88-01 §§6(A), 1988).

13.24.240 Water system survey--Notice of findings--Corrective action.

A. The city will notify the water user of the survey findings, listing corrective action to be taken if, required. A period of sixty days will be given to complete all corrective action required including installation of backflow prevention devices.

B. A second notice will be sent to each water user which does not take the required corrective action prescribed in the first notice within the sixty-day period allowed. The second notice will give the water user a two-week period to take the required corrective action. If no action is taken within the two-week period, the city may terminate water service to the affected water user until the required corrective actions are taken. (Ord. 88-01 §6(B), 1988).

13.24.250 Backflow prevention device--Notice requiring testing.

A. The city will notify each affected water user when it is time for the backflow prevention device installed on their service connection to be tested. This written notice shall give the water user thirty days to have the device tested and supply the water user with the necessary form to be completed and resubmitted to the city.

B. A second notice shall be sent to each water user which does not have his/her backflow prevention device tested as prescribed in the first notice within the thirty-day period allowed. The second notice will give the water user a two-week period to have his/her backflow prevention device tested. If no action is taken within the two-week period, the city may terminate water service to the affected water user until the subject device is tested. (Ord. 88-01 §6(C), 1988).

ARTICLE IV. USER SUPERVISOR

13.24.260 Designated--Duties.

At each premises where it is necessary, in the opinion of the city, a user supervisor shall be designated by and at the expense of the water user. This user supervisor shall be responsible for the monitoring of the backflow prevention devices and for avoidance of cross-connections. In the event of contamination or pollution of the drinking water system due to a cross-connection on the premises, the city shall be promptly notified by the user supervisor so that appropriate measures may be taken to overcome the contamination. The water user shall inform the city of the user supervisor’s identity on, as a minimum, an annual basis and whenever a change occurs. (Ord. 88-01 §5, 1988).

ARTICLE V. BACKFLOW PREVENTION DEVICE TESTER

13.24.270 Certification requirements.*

A. Each applicant for certification as a tester of backflow prevention devices shall file an approved application with the city clerk, together with a fee as may be established by the city council.

B. Competency in all phases of backflow prevention device testing and repair must be demonstrated by means of education and/or experience in order to obtain certification.

C. The following are minimum requirements:

1. Applicants shall have had at least two years’ experience in plumbing or pipe fitting or equivalent qualifications;

2. Hold a valid certification from the American Water Works Association (A.W.W.A.) California-Nevada Section, from a county certification program, or have equivalent training in the opinion of the city and the health department;

3. Each applicant for certification as a tester of backflow prevention devices shall furnish evidence to show that he has available the necessary tools and equipment to properly test such devices. He shall be responsible for the competency and accuracy of all tests and reports prepared by him.

D. The certificate issued to any tester is valid for a period of one year and may be revoked, suspended or not renewed by the city for improper testing, repairs and/or reporting. (Ord. 88-01 §8, 1988).

* Editor’s Note: At the time of codification, backflow prevention device tester certification was being performed by the California Department of Health Services.

ARTICLE VI. PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS

13.24.280 Generally.

A. Unprotected cross-connections with the public water supply are prohibited.

B. Whenever backflow protection has been found necessary, the city will require the water user to install an approved backflow prevention device by and at his/her expense for continued services or before a new service will be granted.

C. Wherever backflow protection has been found necessary on a water supply line entering a water user’s premises, then any and all water supply lines from the city’s mains entering such premises, buildings or structures shall be protected by an approved backflow prevention device. The type of device to be installed will be in accordance with the requirements of this chapter. (Ord. 88-01 §3(A), 1988).

13.24.290 Backflow prevention--Required where.

A. Each service connection from the city water system for supplying water to premises having an auxiliary water supply shall be protected against backflow of water from the premises into the public water system unless the auxiliary water supply is accepted as an additional source by the city, and is approved by the public health agency having jurisdiction.

B. Each service connection from the city water system for supplying water to any premises on which any substance is handled in such fashion as may allow its entry into the water system shall be protected against backflow of the water from the premises into the public system. This shall include the handling of process waters and waters originating from the city water system which have been subjected to deterioration in sanitary quality.

C. Backflow prevention devices shall be installed on the service connection to any premises having (1) internal cross-connections that cannot be permanently corrected and controlled to the satisfaction of the state or local health department and the city, or (2) intricate plumbing and piping arrangements or where entry to all portions of the premises is not readily accessible for inspection purposes, making it impracticable or impossible to ascertain whether or not cross-connections exist. (Ord. 88-01 §3(B), 1988).

13.24.300 Backflow prevention--Types.

The type of protection that shall be provided to prevent backflow into the approved water supply shall be commensurate with the degree of hazard that exists on the consumer’s premises. The type of protective device that may be required (listing in an increasing level of protection) includes double check valve assembly (DC), reduced pressure principle backflow prevention device (RP), and an air-gap separation (AG). The water user may choose a higher level of protection than required by the city. The minimum types of backflow protection required to protect the approved water supply at the user’s water connection to premises with varying degrees of hazard are given in Table 1. Situations which are not covered in Table 1 shall be evaluated on a case-by-case basis and the appropriate backflow protection shall be determined by the city or health agency.

Table 1

TYPE OF BACKFLOW PROTECTION REQUIRED
		Degree of Hazard	Minimum Type of Backflow Prevention
A.	Sewage and Hazardous Substances.
	1.	Premises where the public water system is used to supplement the reclaimed water supply.	AG
	2.	Premises where there are wastewater pumping and/or treatment plants and there is no interconnection with the potable water system. This does not include a single-family residence that has a sewage lift pump. An RP may be provided in lieu of an AG if approved by the health agency and the city.	AG
	3.	Premises where reclaimed water is used and there is no interconnection with the potable water system. An RP may be provided in lieu of an AG if approved by the health agency and the city.	AG
	4.	Premises where hazardous substances are handled in any manner in which the substances may enter a potable water system. This does not include a single-family residence that has a sewage lift pump. An RP may be provided in lieu of an AG if approved by the health agency and the city.	AG
	5.	Premises where there are irrigation systems into which fertilizers, herbicides or pesticides are, or can be, injected.	RP
B.	Auxiliary Water Supplies.
	1.	Premises where there is an unapproved auxiliary water supply which is interconnected with the public water system. An RP or DC may be provided in lieu of an AG if approved by the health agency and the city.	AG
	2.	Premises where there is an unapproved auxiliary water supply and there are no interconnections with the public water system. A DC may be provided in lieu of an RP if approved by the health agency and the city.	RP
C.	Fire Protection Systems.
	1.	Premises where the fire system is directly supplied from the public water system and there is an unapproved auxiliary water supply on or to the premises (not interconnected).	DC
	2.	Premises where the fire system is supplied from the public water system and interconnected with an unapproved auxiliary water supply. An RP may be provided in lieu of an AG if approved by the health agency and the city.	AG
	3.	Premises where the fire system is supplied from the public water system and where either elevated storage tanks or fire pumps which take suction from the private reservoirs or tanks are used.	DC
D.	Dockside Watering Points and Marine Facilities.		DC
	1.	Pier hydrants for supplying water to vessels for any purpose.	RP
	2.	Premises where there are marine facilities.	RP
E.	Premises where entry is restricted so that inspections for crossconnections cannot be made with sufficient frequency or at sufficiently short notice to assure that cross-connections do not exist.		RP
F.	Premises where there is a repeated history of cross-connections being established or reestablished.		RP
G.	Two or more services supplying water from different street mains to the same building, structure or premises through which an interstreet main flow may occur, shall have at least a standard check valve on each water service to be located adjacent to and on the property side of the respective meters. Such check valve shall not be considered adequate if backflow protection is deemed necessary to protect the city’s mains from pollution or contamination; in such cases, the installation of approved backflow devices at such service connections shall be required.

(Ord. 88-01 §3(C), 1988).

ARTICLE VII. BACKFLOW PREVENTION DEVICES

13.24.310 Use of approved types required.

A. Only backflow prevention devices which have been approved by the city shall be acceptable for installation by a water user connected to the city’s potable water system.

B. The city will provide, upon request, to any affected customer, a list of approved backflow prevention devices. (Ord. 88-01 §4(A), 1988).

13.24.320 Installation.

Backflow prevention devices shall be installed in a manner prescribed in Section 7603, Title 22 of the California Administrative Code. Location of the devices should be as close as practicable to the user’s connection. The city shall have the final authority in determining the required location of a backflow prevention device.

A. Air-gap Separation (AG). The air-gap separation shall be located on the user’s side of and as close to the service connection as is practical. All piping from the service connection to the receiving tank shall be above grade and be entirely visible. No water use shall be provided from any point between the service connection and the air-gap separation. The water inlet piping shall terminate a distance of at least two pipe diameters from the supply inlet, but in no case less than one inch above the overflow rim of the receiving tank.

B. Reduced Pressure Principle Backflow Prevention Device (RP). The approved reduced pressure principle backflow prevention device shall be installed on the user’s side of and as close to the service connection as is practical. The device shall be installed a minimum of twelve inches above grade and not more than thirty-six inches above grade measured from the bottom of the device and with a minimum of twelve inches side clearance. The device shall be installed so that it is readily accessible for maintenance and testing. Water supplied from any point between the service connection and the RP device shall be protected in a manner approved by the city.

C. Double Check Valve Assembly (DC). The approved double check valve assembly shall be located as close as practical to the user’s connection and shall be installed above grade, if possible, and in a manner where it is readily accessible for testing and maintenance. If a double check valve assembly is put below grade it must be installed in a vault such that there is a minimum of six inches between the bottom of the vault and the bottom of the device, so that the top of the device is no more than a maximum of eight inches below grade, so there is a minimum of six inches of clearance between the side of the device with the test cocks and the side of the vault, and so there is a minimum of three inches clearance between the other side of the device and the side of the valve. Special consideration must be given to double check valve assemblies of the "Y" type. These devices must be installed on their side with the test cocks in a vertical position so that either check valve may be removed for service without removing the device. Vaults which do not have an integrated bottom must be placed on a three-inch layer of gravel. (Ord. 88-01 §4(B), 1988).

13.24.330 Testing and maintenance.

A. The owners of any premises on which, or on account of which, backflow prevention devices are installed, shall have the devices tested by a person who has demonstrated their competency in testing of these devices to the city. Backflow prevention devices must be tested at least annually and immediately after installation, relocation or repair. The city may require a more frequent testing schedule if it is determined to be necessary. No device shall be placed back in service unless it is functioning as required. A report in a form acceptable to the city shall be filed with the city each time a device is tested, relocated or repaired. These devices shall be serviced, overhauled or replaced whenever they are found to be defective and all costs of testing, repair and maintenance shall be borne by the water user.

B. The city will supply affected water users with a list of persons acceptable to the city to test backflow prevention devices. The city will notify affected customers by mail when annual testing of a device is needed and also supply users with the necessary forms which must be filled out each time a device is tested or repaired.

C. Upon request, the city will test a customer’s back-flow prevention device to fulfill the requirements of this chapter. The customer will be charged for the test and any maintenance found necessary to keep the device in working order on the next regular water bill. (Ord. 88-01 §4(C), 1988).

13.24.340 Removal--Relocation--Repair--Replacement.

Approval must be obtained from the city before a backflow prevention device is removed, relocated, or replaced.

A. Removal. The use of a device may be discontinued and the device removed from service upon presentation of sufficient evidence to the city to verify that a hazard no longer exists or is not likely to be created in the future.

B. Relocation. A device may be relocated following confirmation by the city that the relocation will continue to provide the required protection and satisfy installation requirements. A retest will be required following the relocation of the device.

C. Repair. A device may be removed for repair, provided the water use is either discontinued until repair is completed and the device is returned to service, or the service connection is equipped with other backflow protection approved by the city. A retest will be required following the repair of the device.

D. Replacement. A device may be removed and replaced, provided the water use is discontinued until the replacement devices are approved by the city and are commensurate with the degree of hazard involved. (Ord. 88-01 §4(D), 1988).

ARTICLE VIII. WATER SERVICE TERMINATION

13.24.350 Procedure--Generally.

When the city encounters water uses that represent a clear and immediate hazard to the potable water supply that cannot be immediately abated, the city shall institute the procedure for discontinuing the city water service. (Ord. 88-01 §7(A), 1988).

13.24.360 Basis for termination.

Conditions or water uses that create a basis for water service termination shall include, but are not limited to, the following items:

A. Refusal to install a required backflow prevention device;

B. Refusal to test a backflow prevention device;

C. Refusal to repair a faulty backflow prevention device;

D. Refusal to replace a faulty backflow prevention de vice;

E. Direct or indirect connection between the public water system and a sewer line;

F. Unprotected direct or indirect connection between the public water system and a system or equipment containing contaminants;

G. Unprotected direct or indirect connection between the public water system and an auxiliary water system;

H. A situation which presents an immediate health hazard to the public water system. (Ord. 88-01 §7(B), 1988).

13.24.370 Procedure--Designated.

A. For the conditions set out in subsections (A), (B), (C) or (D) of Section 13.24.360, the city will terminate service to a customer’s premises after two written notices have been sent specifying the corrective action needed and the time period in which it must be done. If no action is taken within the allowed time period, water service may be terminated.

B. For the conditions set out in subsections (D) through (H) of Section 13.24.360, the city will take the following steps:

1. Make reasonable effort to advise water user of intent to terminate water service;

2. Terminate water supply and lock service valve. The water service will remain inactive until correction of violations has been approved by the city. (Ord. 88-01 §7(C), 1988).