Article 36-3 . SEWERS

ARTICLE III. SEWERS

DIVISION 1. GENERALLY

36-94—36-114. Reserved.

DIVISION 2. PRIVATE SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEMS

36-115. Definitions.

The following words, terms and phrases, when used in this division, shall have the meanings ascribed to them in this section, except where the context clearly indicates a different meaning:

Absorption field, trench or bed means any system of distributing septic tank effluent below the ground surface by means of a line or a series of lines of drain tile or perforated pipe, laid on a bed of stone, with openings so as to allow the effluent or overflow to be absorbed by the surrounding soil.

Aeration-type treatment system means a system which utilizes the principal of oxidation in the decomposition of sewage by introduction of air, or by surface absorption of air, for a sufficiently long period of time to affect adequate treatment.

Distribution box means a receptacle installed with proper footings, provided with outlets on the same horizontal plane, used for the purpose of assuring the equal distribution of the septic tank effluent when such effluent is being disposed of by means of an absorption field, trench or bed.

Owner and persons owning premises mean both the owner of title or record and those occupying, or in possession, of any property or premises.

Premises means any tract or parcel of land on which a habitable building is located and shall include the building.

Septic tank means a covered, watertight tank designed to retain settled sewage solids long enough for satisfactory bacterial decomposition of the solids to take place, primarily by anaerobic bacterial action.

Sewage means a combination of water carried wastes from residences, business buildings, institutions and industrial establishments, together with such ground surface stormwaters as may be present. This shall include, but not be limited to, wastes from toilets, sinks, lavatories, bathtubs, showers, washing machines and urinals.

Sewage disposal facilities means a privy, seepage pit, dry well, block trench, cradle drain, sewer line, septic tank, absorption field, aeration-type device or similar device used in the disposal of sewage.

Sewage disposal systems means a sewage disposal system, other than an approved public or community system, which receives human excreta or liquid wastes, or both, from a premises. This would include, but not be limited to, septic tanks, soil absorption systems, privies, stabilization ponds, aeration plants or other specifically designed systems approved by the enforcement officer.

Sewage tank means a watertight tank designed to retain sewage solids long enough for satisfactory bacterial decomposition of the solids to take place, and includes septic tanks and aeration-type treatment tanks.

Sewer means a watertight conduit for carrying sewage.

(Code 1987, § 6-03.02)

36-116. Sewage disposal restrictions.

(a) System construction or alteration. From and after the effective date of the ordinance from which this division is derived, it shall be unlawful for any person to construct or install, alter, repair or extend any sewage disposal system in the township unless he has a permit issued by the township for the specified construction or installation, alteration, repair or extension.

(b) Adequate facilities for premises. It shall be unlawful for any person to install or construct, move on to any parcel of land, occupy or use any premises that is not equipped with adequate facilities for the disposal of sewage in accordance with the provisions of this division.

(c) Deposit of sewage upon the ground. No sewage from an existing structure shall be deposited upon the surface of the ground, into roadside ditches or watercourses.

(Code 1987, § 6-03.03)

36-117. Permit.

(a) Requirement established. No person, firm, association or corporation shall construct, install or cause to be installed any sewage disposal system without first obtaining a permit from the township. Permits are also required for repairs, alterations or extensions to existing systems.

(b) Municipal plants excluded. The provisions of this section shall not apply to municipal sewers or wastewater treatment plants.

(c) Application. An application for a permit shall be required for any installation, and shall be in writing and be signed by the applicant. Application forms shall be supplied by the township.

(1) Content. Such application forms shall contain at least the following information:

a. Legal description of property.

b. Name and addresses of owner and applicant.

c. Date.

d. Intended use of property, single-family, multiple dwelling, commercial, etc.

e. Highest known groundwater table, if within six feet of finished ground elevation.

f. Soil percolation tests in minutes per inch, and other soil tests conducted in a manner acceptable to the enforcement officer (when deemed necessary).

(2) Soil tests required.

a. Soil suitability. Proper operation of subsurface sewage disposal systems is directly dependent upon sufficient area of suitable soil for the absorption of septic tank effluent under all anticipated weather conditions. Soil suitability shall be determined by standard percolation tests and other recognized parameters of soil permeability, groundwater characteristics and levels, flooding hazard and slope, pursuant to the soil engineering properties as outlined by the county soil survey.

b. Soil percolation. When soil percolation tests and other tests shall be deemed necessary on individual lots prior to the issuance of a permit, such tests shall be performed under supervision of the health department, or by an architect, engineer, sanitarian or land surveyor, registered under the laws of the state, in accordance with the uniform procedures developed by the United States public health service, and published in the "Manual of Septic Tank Practice," P.H.S. Publication #526. A copy of the soil percolation test will be made available to the township.

(d) Basis for denial. When the soil is determined to be unsuitable for the installation of a subsurface sewage disposal system according to the criteria set forth by these regulations, the permit required under this section will be denied in writing, in accordance with the provisions of subsection (c) of this section.

(e) Criteria for acceptance. No subsurface sewage disposal system shall be installed in soil determined upon technical investigation to be unsuitable, as provided in subsection (c)(2)a of this section.

(f) Expiration. Permits shall become void and expire nine months from date of issuance thereof unless a renewal of same shall have been obtained from the township prior to the expiration date.

(Code 1987, § 6-03.04)

36-118. Sewer use regulations.

(a) Mandatory connection to public sewers. Where an approved public sewer is available, all new buildings shall be connected to such public sewerage system at the time of construction.

(b) Connection requirements to septic tank.

(1) Plumbing fixtures and appliances. All plumbing fixtures such as flush toilets, urinals, lavatories, sinks, bathtubs, showers, laundry tubs, automatic washers, dishwashing or any similar fixtures used to receive or conduct water-carried wastes (sewage) shall be connected to a septic tank or other approved device in a manner approved by the provisions of these regulations and the enforcement officer.

(2) Diversion valves.

a. Prohibited on new installations. Diversion valves will not be allowed on discharge pipes or sump pumps receiving wastewater (sewage) from plumbing fixtures or appliances, such as laundry tubs or automatic washers, in any new installations.

b. Conditional use on existing installation. Those in existence will be allowed if they do not cause a nuisance.

(3) Separate pump. When plumbing or appliances are installed in basements or cellars, it will be necessary to install a separate pump to be used for no other purpose than pumping water-carried wastes directly to the septic tank, unless gravity flow is possible.

(4) Stormwater drainage prohibited. Footing drains, sump water and eavestrough wastes shall not be connected to a septic tank or subsurface disposal field.

(1) Basis. The enforcement officer or his duly authorized representative may condemn any existing sewage disposal facility where:

a. The effluent is exposed to the surface of the ground, into any lake, stream, river or storm sewer;

b. The seepage of effluent therefrom may endanger a private or public water supply; or

c. A public nuisance is created by a system improperly constructed or maintained.

(2) Deadline for repair or replacement. Any system so condemned shall be repaired, rebuilt or replaced by a system constructed according to the provisions of these regulations within a period of time specified by the enforcement officer.

(d) Drains of unknown course and origin. Whenever the enforcement officer shall determine that improperly treated sewage is flowing from the outlet of any public or private drain of unknown course or origin, he may issue public notices requiring persons owning premises from which sewage originates, to connect such sewage flow to a publicly operated sewerage system, if such a system abuts, is adjacent to, runs laterally across, or is within 150 feet of the premises in question or, in the absence thereof, to comply with the provisions of these regulations.

(1) Public notice. Public notice shall consist of the posting of at least five conspicuous notices in the probable area served by said drain.

(2) Plugging of drain outlet. After not less than 30 days following posting of the notice, the enforcement officer may plug, or cause to be plugged, the outlet of said drain until such time as the sources of sewage have been located, unless the owner of any such property so affected can prove that he has a legitimate surface water connection, and that the plugging of said could cause damages to his home or property.

(3) Written notice with deadline. Owners of the properties known to be discharging improperly treated sewage in such drains posted by the enforcement officer, shall be given written notice of corrections required with the time allowed by the posted notices.

(4) Failure to comply. Failure to comply shall be considered a violation of this division.

(Code 1987, § 6-03.05)

36-119. System design criteria specifications.

The following specifications shall be minimum design criteria, and apply in determining the minimum size sewage disposal system required:

(1) Septic tanks. Design and construction methods shall be approved by the township prior to sale or construction. In general, design specifications found in the "Manual of Septic Tank Practice," U.S. Public Health Service, Publication No. 526 as amended, will apply as a guide.

a. Sizes. The following minimum liquid capacities for septic tanks are hereby established:

1. Single-family dwellings:


2 bedrooms or less	1,000 gallons
3 bedrooms	1,250 gallons
4 bedrooms	1,500 gallons
Over 4 bedrooms – an additional 250 gallons required for each bedroom.

2. Multiple dwellings, commercial, industrial or places of assembly: liquid capacity of tank is to equal 1 1/4 days’ calculated sewage flow.

b. Locations.

1. Septic tanks shall be located at least 50 feet from wells, springs or unprotected water suction lines. At public places, the distance shall be 75 feet from any well, spring or unprotected water suction lines.

2. In all cases they shall be located at least ten feet from buildings, foundations and banks or drop-offs.

3. The distance to any lake or stream shall be at least 25 feet.

4. No tank shall be located where it is inaccessible for cleaning and inspection purposes.

(2) Dosing chambers and appurtenances. Dosing chambers and required mechanical appurtenances shall be used in all installations where the liquid capacity of the tank is over 2,000 gallons. The design and installation of dosing chambers and required appurtenances shall meet the approval of the enforcement officer.

(3) Disposal fields.

a. Location.

1. Subsurface disposal fields shall be located at least 50 feet from any well, spring or unprotected water suction line. At public and commercial places the distance shall be 75 feet from any well, spring or unprotected water suction line.

2. In all cases they shall be located at least ten feet from any building, foundation, property line, buried water pressure line and roadside ditch.

3. The minimum distance to any lake or stream, or to any bank or drop-off shall be 25 feet.

4. Disposal fields should be installed so that the tiles are at least 30 inches above the highest known groundwater table.

5. Methods other than regulation tile fields must be approved by the enforcement officer prior to construction.

b. Minimum absorption areas. The following minimum disposal field absorption areas are hereby established:

1. Single-family dwellings.


Percolation rate in minutes per inch	Square feet of trench bottom absorption area per bedroom
10 minutes or less	165
11 thru 15 minutes	190
16 thru 20 minutes	215
21 thru 25 minutes	235
26 thru 30 minutes	260
31 thru 35 minutes	290
36 thru 40 minutes	320
41 thru 45 minutes	350
Over 45 minutes	Unsuitable

Note that in every case sufficient area shall be provided for two bedrooms.

2. Commercial, industrial, multiple dwellings and places of assembly (square feet of trench bottom absorption area). Daily sewage flow in gallons divided by the maximum allowable rate of sewage application per square feet of absorption area (expressed in gallons per square feet per day). Allowable rates of sewage application shall be determined by the standard percolation test, as provided in sections 4.3 and 4.4.

c. Tile lines.

1. Grade and center spacing. The tile lines of the disposal field shall be laid on a grade of not more than three inches per 100 feet, and parallel lines shall be at least four feet apart, center to center.

2. Watertight distribution system. Installation shall include a satisfactory watertight system for the equal distribution of the septic tank effluent to the tile lines.

3. Terminal ends. Terminal ends of each tile line shall be interconnected with drain tile installed in the same manner as the subsurface disposal field.

4. Drain tile. Subsurface drain tiles shall be a minimum of four inches in diameter, constructed of concrete, clay or equivalent material in good sound structural condition. Installation methods shall include protection of the natural absorption properties of the soil to prevent smearing, sealing or compacting the side wall and bottom trench area.

5. Stone bed and cover. The tile line shall be placed on at least a six-inch layer of clean, hard gravel or broken stone, having a minimum size of one-half inch of washed stone meeting the state highway specifications, such as 6A stone. The layer of stone shall extend the full width of the trench below the tile line. The tile line shall be covered with at least two inches of the stone, extending the full width of the trench. The tile shall be spaced one-fourth inch apart with top one-half of each joint covered with tar paper, or other material approved by the enforcement officer. A layer of straw should be laid over the stone before backfilling.

(4) Sewer pipe. Sewers from a dwelling or habitable building shall be constructed of cast iron or other approved sewer pipe. Any buried or unexposed pipe carrying sewage, or any pipe through which sewage may back up, shall be located more than ten feet from a well, spring or unprotected water suction line. It shall be constructed of cast iron soil pipes with leaded joints or any other approved type tested for water tightness.

(5) Special construction methods. Nothing contained in this section shall prevent the use of special construction methods, materials or installation techniques; provided that the engineering design of such system is first approved by the enforcement officer and meets, on an equivalent basis, the construction standards and intent.

(6) Restrictions.

a. Final inspection and approval. It shall be unlawful to backfill any septic tank and tile disposal installation until an inspection has been completed and approval has been granted by the township.

b. Misinformation or erroneous data. It shall be a violation of this division to misrepresent, omit or withhold information or pertinent data relative to the use of the premises or facilities therein, upon which the minimum requirements contained within these rules and regulations are based.

(Code 1987, § 6-03.06)

36-120—36-136. Reserved.

DIVISION 3. SANITARY SEWER OPERATION

36-137. Findings, purpose and intent.

(a) Public sanitary sewer systems are essential to health, safety and welfare of the people of the state and township. Septic tank disposal systems are subject to failure due to soil conditions or other reasons. Failure or potential failure to septic tank disposal systems poses a threat to the public health, safety and welfare, presents a potential for ill health, transmission of disease, morality and potential economic blight, and constitutes a threat to the quality of surface and subsurface waters of the state and township. It is the purpose of this division to allow the township and the POTW to comply with all applicable state and federal laws as required by the Federal Clean Water Act of 1977, as amended, and the General Pretreatment Regulation (40 CFR 403) and the requirements of the POTW sewer use ordinance and this division.

(b) The connection to available public sanitary sewer systems at the earliest reasonable date is a matter for the protection of the public health, safety and welfare and necessary in the public interest, which is declared as a matter of legislative determination.

(c) It is the intent of this division to provide for the minimum standards of materials and workmanship, the inspection by the township, and the use of the connection to the available public sanitary sewer system, and for the protection of the public health and welfare.

(Code 1987, § 6-04.01; Ord. No. 167, § 1(6-04.01), 11-4-1991)

36-138. Definitions.

The following words, terms and phrases, when used in this division, shall have the meanings ascribed to them in this section, except where the context clearly indicates a different meaning:

Act or the Act means the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, also known as the Clean Water Act, as amended, 33 USC 1251 et seq.

Available public sanitary sewer means a public sanitary sewer located in a right-of-way, easement, highway, street or public way which crosses, adjoins or abuts upon a property, and passes not more than 200 feet at the nearest point from a structure in which sanitary sewage originates.

Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) means the quantity of oxygen utilized in the biochemical oxidation of organic matter under standard laboratory procedure in five days at 20 degrees Centigrade, expressed in milligrams per liter.

Building sanitary drain means that part of the lowest piping of the sanitary sewage drainage system of a building which receives the sanitary sewage from soil pipes, waste pipes and other drainage pipes inside the perimeter walls of the building, and conveys it to the building sanitary sewer, which begins approximately five feet outside the building wall.

Building sanitary sewer means part of the sanitary sewage drainage system of a building which extends from the end of the building sanitary drain (approximately five feet outside the building wall) and conveys its discharge to a public sanitary sewer at the plat line ROW (right-of-way).

Categorical standards means the National Categorical Pretreatment Standards or Pretreatment Standards.

Chemical oxygen demand (COD) means a measure of the oxygen-consuming capacity of inorganic and organic matter present in water or wastewater, expressed as the amount of oxygen consumed from a chemical oxidant in a specified test. It does not differentiate between stable and unstable organic matter and thus does not necessarily correlate with biochemical oxygen demand.

Combined sewer means a sewer receiving both surface runoff and sewage.

Combined waste stream means the waste stream from industrial facilities where regulated process effluent is mixed with other wastewaters (either regulated or unregulated) prior to treatment at the POTW.

Commercial wastes means the liquid or waterborne wastes from commercial establishments engaged in buying, selling or exchanging goods or services.

Compatible pollutant means a substance able to be treated in the POTW and the wastewater treatment plant such as biochemical oxygen demand, suspended solids and pH, and fecal coliform bacteria plus additional pollutants identified in the NPDES permit if the POTW was designed to treat such pollutants, and in fact does remove such pollutant to a substantial degree.

Cooling water means the water discharged from any use such as air conditioning, cooling or refrigeration, or water to which the only pollutant added is heat.

Debt service charge means charges levied to customers of the wastewater system and which are used to pay principal, interest and administrative costs of retiring the debt incurred for construction of the wastewater system. The debt service charge shall be in addition to the user charge specified below.

Direct discharge means the discharge of treated or untreated wastewater directly to the waters of the state.

Director means the director of public works of the city, under the direction of the city manager of the city, or his authorized deputy, agent or representative.

Domestic user means residential contributors to a wastewater system which is part of the POTW.

Effluent means that which flows out from a point source; outflow.

Environmental protection agency or EPA means the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

Federal grant means a grant in aid in construction of wastewater treatment works provided under the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended.

Floatable oil means an oil, fat or grease in a physical state such that it will separate by gravity from sanitary sewage by treatment in an approved pretreatment facility.

Garbage means the waste from the preparation, cooking and dispensing of food and from the handling, storage and sale of produce and food.

Hazardous waste means a solid waste or combination of solid wastes which, because of its quantity, concentration or physical, chemical or infectious character may:

(1) Cause, or significantly contribute to, an increase in mortality or an increase in serious irreversible or incapacitating reversible illness; or

(2) Pose a substantial present or potential hazard to human health or the environment when improperly treated, stored, transported, disposed of or otherwise managed.

Health department means the local, county or state agency having jurisdiction over the private sewage disposal system at structures within the township.

Holding tank waste means any waste from holding tanks such as vessels, chemical toilets, campers, trailers, septic tanks and vacuum-pump tank trucks.

Incompatible pollutants means any pollutant which is not a compatible pollutant.

Indirect discharge means the discharge or the introduction of pollutants from any source into the POTW (including holding tank waste discharged into the system).

Industrial user means a source of indirect discharge of industrial waste.

Industrial waste means the sanitary sewage for solid, liquid or gaseous waste discharged from industrial, manufacturing trade or business processes, as distinct from domestic or sanitary wastes.

Influent means that which flows in; inflow.

Interference means a discharge which alone or in conjunction with a discharge from other sources both:

(1) Inhibits or disrupts the POTW, its treatment processes or operations, or its sludge processes, use or disposal; and

(2) Is a cause of a violation of any requirement of the POTW’s NPDES permit (including an increase in the magnitude or duration of a violation) or of the prevention of sewage sludge use or disposal in compliance with applicable federal, state and local regulations.

Licensed contractor means a contractor that has filed an application and met all bonding, insurance and other requirements as set forth in this division and is thereby authorized by the township to install building sanitary sewers within the township.

mg/l means milligrams per liter.

National categorical pretreatment standard means any regulation containing pollutant discharge limits promulgated by the EPA in accordance with section 307(b) and (c) of the Act which applies to a specific category of industrial users.

National Pollution Discharge Elimination System Permit means a permit issued pursuant to section 402 of the Act.

National prohibitive discharge standard or prohibitive discharge standard means any regulation developed under the authority of section 307(b) of the Act and 40 CFR 403.5.

Natural outlet means any outlet, including storm sewers, into a watercourse, pond, ditch, lake or other body of surface water or groundwater.

New source, found in 40 CFR 403.3(k), means any building, structure, facility or installation from which there is or may be a discharge of pollutants, the construction of which commenced after the publication of proposed pretreatment standards under section 307(c) of the Act which will be applicable to such source if such standards are thereafter promulgated in accordance with that section, provided that:

(1) The building, facility or installation is constructed at a site at which no other source is located;

(2) The process or production equipment that causes the discharge or pollutants at an existing source is totally replaced; or

(3) The production or wastewater generating processes of the building, structure, facility or installation are substantially independent of an existing source at the same site.

Nondomestic user means any contributor to the POTW which is not a domestic user.

Normal domestic strength sewage means the sewage characterized by biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) not exceeding 300 mg/l and suspended solids not exceeding 350 mg/l.

Operation and maintenance means all work, materials, equipment, utilities and other effort required to operate and maintain the wastewater transportation and treatment system consistent with ensuring adequate treatment of wastewater to produce an effluent in compliance with the NPDES permit and other applicable state and federal regulations, and includes the cost of replacement.

Pass through means a discharge of pollutants through the POTW into the waters of the United States in quantities or concentrations which, alone or in conjunction with a discharge from other sources, is a cause of a violation of any requirement of the POTW’s NPDES permit, including an increase in the magnitude or duration of a violation.

Person means any individual, partnership, firm, company, corporation, association, joint stock company, trust, estate, governmental entity or any other legal entity, or their legal representatives, agents or assigns.

pH means the common logarithm of the reciprocal of the weight of hydrogen ions in grams per liter of solution. Neutral water, for example, has a pH value of 7.0 and a hydrogen ion concentration of 1.0E-7.

Plumbing code means the standards, rules, regulations and specifications adopted by the township board covering the design and installation of plumbing systems for the protection of the public health, safety and welfare.

Plumbing inspector means the authorized agent or representative of the township charged with the administration and enforcement of the preinspections of this division and the plumbing code.

Pollutant means any dredged spoil, solid waste, incinerator residue, sewage, garbage, sewage sludge, chemical wastes, biological materials, radioactive materials, heat, wrecked or discharged equipment, and industrial, municipal and agricultural waste discharged into water.

Pollution means the manmade or man-induced alteration of the chemical, physical, biological and radiological integrity of water.

PPM means parts per million by weight.

Preinspection means an inspection conducted by the plumbing inspector prior to issuance of a permit to install the building sanitary sewer.

Pretreatment means the reduction of the amount of pollutants, the elimination of pollutants, or the alteration of the nature of pollutant properties in sanitary sewage to a less harmful state prior to or in lieu of discharging or otherwise introducing such pollutants into the public sanitary sewer. The reduction or alteration can be obtained by physical, chemical or biological processes, process changes, or by other means, except that no industrial user shall increase the use of process water or in any other way attempt to dilute a discharge as a partial or complete substitute for adequate treatment to achieve compliance with pretreatment standard, or except as prohibited by 40 CFR 403.6d, as amended.

Pretreatment requirements means any substantive or procedural requirement related to pretreatment other than a national pretreatment standard imposed on an industrial user.

Pretreatment standards means national categorical pretreatment standards, alternative discharge limits or other federal, state or local standards, whichever are applicable.

Priority pollutant means a toxic compound identified by the EPA that can reasonably be expected in the discharges from categorical industries.

Prohibited discharges means discharges which may interfere with the treatment plant operations. They include the priority pollutants, hazardous materials, clogging materials and materials which interfere with the treatment system. They include, but are not limited to:

(1) Chemical compounds which interfere with or pass through the treatment processes.

(2) Materials which create a fire or explosion hazard in the sewers or treatment works, or which release poisonous gases.

(3) Materials which will obstruct the flow in the sewage or treatment system.

(4) Materials which will change the pH to highly acidic or alkaline, and/or cause corrosive structural damage to the POTW.

(5) Water which will increase the treatment plant influent temperature to above 104 degrees F. (40 degrees C.).

(6) Petroleum oil or grease, nonbiodegrable cutting oil or products of mineral oil origin in amounts that will cause interference or pass through or a blockage in the collection system.

(7) Pollutants which result in the presence of toxic gases, vapors, or fumes within the POTW in a quantity that may cause acute worker health and safety problems.

(8) Any trucked or hauled pollutants, except at discharge points designated by the superintendent.

Properly shredded garbage means the wastes from the preparation, cooking or dispensing of food that have been shredded to such degree that all particles will be carried freely under the flow conditions normally prevailing in public sanitary sewers, with no particle greater than one-half inch in any dimension.

Property owner means a person, firm, association, partnership, corporation or combination of any of these which holds ownership interest in land, whether recorded or not.

Public sanitary sewer means a common sanitary sewer, as well as its branch connections to a property, which is owned by the township or the city, is located in the public right-of-way, and is used or intended for use by the public for the collection and transportation of sanitary sewage for treatment or disposal.

Publicly owned treatment works (POTW) means the treatment works, as defined by section 212 of the Act, which holds an NPDES permit to operate under the jurisdiction of the state department of environmental quality. The term "publicly owned treatment works" includes public sewers that convey wastewater to the treatment system and have the legal authority vested in the city, as well as and in addition to legal authority established under this division, to administer its systems and programs.

Replacement means the replacement in whole or in part of any equipment in the wastewater transportation or treatment systems to ensure contiguous treatment of wastewater in accordance with the NPDES permit and other applicable state and federal regulations.

Sanitary sewage means the liquid or waterborne waste discharged from the sanitary fixtures of dwellings, apartment houses, hotels, office buildings, factories or institutions.

Sanitary sewer means a sewer that carries liquid and water-carried wastes from residences, commercial buildings, industrial plants and institutions, together with minor quantities of groundwater, stormwater and surface water that are not admitted intentionally.

Sewage means water-carried human wastes or a combination of water-carried wastes from residence, business buildings, institutions and industrial establishments, together with such groundwater, surface water, stormwater or other water as may be present.

Sewage works or sewerage works means all facilities for collecting, pumping, treating and disposing of sewage.

Sewer service charge means the applicable sum of the user charge, surcharges, industrial cost recovery and debt service charges.

Sewer superintendent means the person authorized by the township board to administer the licenses, permits and inspections required under this division for the township public sanitary sewer or his authorized deputy, agent or representative.

Significant contributor or significant industrial user means:

(1) All industrial users subject to categorical pretreatment standards under 40 CFR 403.6 and 40 CFR chapter I, subchapter N; and

(2) Any other industrial user that discharges an average of 25,000 gallons per day or more of process wastewater to the POTW (excluding sanitary water, noncontact cooling water and boiler blow-down wastewater), contributes a process waste stream which makes up five percent or more of the average dry weather hydraulic or organic capacity of the POTW treatment plant, or is designated as such by the POTW on the basis that the industrial user has a reasonable potential for adversely affecting the POTW’s operation or for violating any pretreatment standard or requirement.

Significant noncompliance means an industrial user which meets one or more of the following criteria:

(1) Chronic violations of wastewater discharge limits, defined here as those in which 66 percent or more of all the measurement taken during a six-month period exceed (by any magnitude) the daily maximum limit or the average limit for the same pollutant parameter;

(2) Technical review criteria (TRC) violations, defined here as those in which 33 percent of more of all of the measurements for each pollutant parameter taken during a six-month period equal or exceed the product of the daily maximum limit or the average limit multiplied by the applicable TRC. The TRC minus 1.4 for BOD, TSS, fats, oil and grease, and 1.2 for all other pollutants except pH;

(3) Any other violation of a pretreatment effluent limit (daily maximum or longer-term average) that the superintendent determines has caused, alone or in combination with other discharges, interference or pass through (including endangering the health of POTW personnel or the general public);

(4) Any discharge of a pollutant that has caused imminent endangerment to human health, welfare or to the environment or has resulted in the POTW’S exercise of its emergency authority to halt or prevent such a discharge;

(5) Failure to meet, within 90 days after the schedule date, a compliance schedule milestone contained in an order, permit or other local control mechanism or enforcement order for starting construction, or attaining final compliance;

(6) Failure to provide, within 30 days after the due date, required reports such as baseline monitoring reports, 90-day compliance reports, periodic self-monitoring reports, and reports on compliance with compliance schedules;

(7) Failure to accurately report noncompliance;

(8) Any other violation or group of violations which the superintendent determines will adversely affect the operation or implementation of the local pretreatment program.

Sludge means any solid, semisolid or liquid residual generated from municipal, commercial or industrial wastewater treatment plants, water supply treatment plants or air pollution control facilities.

Slug means any discharge of water or sanitary sewage which exceeds, in concentration of any given constituent or in quantity of flow for any period of duration longer than 15 minutes, more than five times the average 24-hour concentration or flows during normal operation and adversely affects the public sanitary sewer or performance of the POTW, or both.

Standard industrial classification (SIC) means a classification pursuant to the "Standard Industrial Classification Manual" issued by the executive office of the president, office of management and budget, 1972, or latest edition.

Storm sewer means a sewer which carries storm and surface waters and drainage but excludes sanitary sewage and polluted industrial wastes.

Stormwater means that part of the rainfall which reaches the sewers as runoff from natural land surfaces, building roofs of pavements or as groundwater infiltration.

Structure in which sanitary sewage originates or structure means a building in which toilet, kitchen, laundry, bathing or other facilities which generate water-carried sanitary sewage are used or are available for use for household, commercial, industrial or other purposes.

Suspended solids means total suspended matter that either floats on the surface of, or is in suspension in, water, sanitary sewage or other liquids and that is removable by laboratory filtering as prescribed in "Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater" and referred to as nonfilterable residue.

Uncontaminated industrial wastes means water which has not come into contact with any substance used in or incidental to industrial processing operation, and to which no chemical or other substance has been added.

User means any person who contributes, causes or permits the contribution of wastewater into the POTW.

User charge means a charge levied on users of a treatment works for the costs of operation and maintenance of sewerage works pursuant to section 204b of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended, and includes the cost of replacement.

Utilities superintendent means the utilities superintendent of the city, under the direction of the director of public works, or his authorized deputy, agent or representative.

Wastewater means any liquid or waterborne waste from residences, business buildings, institutions, laboratories and industrial establishments, together with stormwater as may be present.

Wastewater treatment plant means any arrangement of devices and structures or facilities used for treating sewage.

(Code 1987, § 6-04.02; Ord. No. 167, § 1(6-04.02), 11-4-1991; Ord. No. 180, § 1(6-04.02), 2-6-1995)

36-139. Public sanitary sewer system.

(a) Supervision and control. The operation, maintenance, alteration, repair and management of the public sanitary sewer shall be under the control and supervision of the township board and administered as a regular department of the township government.

(b) Management and operation authority.

(1) Employ persons. The township board may employ such person in such capacity as it deems advisable to carry on the efficient management and operation of the public sanitary sewer; and

(2) Make rules, orders and regulations. The township board may make such rules, orders and regulations as it deems advisable and necessary to ensure the efficient management and operation of the public sanitary sewer.

(1) Inspections. The sewer superintendent and other duly authorized employees of the township and the POTW, bearing proper credentials and identification, shall be permitted to enter all properties and structures for the purposes of inspection, observation, measurement, sampling and testing pertinent to discharge to the public sanitary sewer, upon writing 24-hour notice by hand delivery or certified mail, or both, to the occupants of the structures in accordance with the provisions of this division.

(2) Information on industrial processes.

a. Relative to discharge kind and source. The sewer superintendent or other duly authorized employees of the township and the POTW are authorized to obtain information concerning industrial processes which have a direct bearing on the kind and source of discharge to the public sanitary sewer and POTW.

b. Withholding of confidential information. The industry may withhold information considered confidential. In order to establish confidentiality, the industry must establish that the revelation to the public of the information in question might result in an advantage to competitors.

(d) Safety obligations of inspectors. While performing the necessary work on private properties referred to in subsection (c) of this section, the sewer superintendent or duly authorized employees of the township and the POTW shall observe all safety rules applicable to the structures established by the property.

(1) Property owner indemnified. The township and POTW shall indemnify the property owner against loss or damage to the property by their employees and against liability claims and demands for personal injury or property damage asserted against the property owner and growing out of the inspection, observation, measurement, sampling and testing pertinent to the discharge to the public sanitary sewer;

(2) Unsafe conditions. The property owner is not indemnified against loss nor damage to the property that is caused by negligence or failure of the property owner to maintain safe conditions as required in section 36-145(e) or as required by other local, state and federal laws and regulations, or both.

(e) Access to duly negotiated easements. The sewer superintendent and other duly authorized employees of the township and POTW bearing proper credentials and identification shall be permitted to enter all private properties through which the township or POTW, or both, hold a duly negotiated easement for the purpose of, but not limited to, inspection, observation, measurement, sampling, repair and maintenance of any portion of the public sanitary sewer lying within said easement.

(1) Activities in accord with terms. All entry and subsequent work on said easement, shall be done in full accordance with the terms of the duly negotiated easement pertaining to the private property involved.

(2) Application for court authorization. Upon the refusal of a property owner to admit the township sewer superintendent or other duly authorized person upon the premises for the purposes of inspection, the township may apply to a court of competent jurisdiction for an order of the court authorizing the entry and inspection upon such terms as the court may direct, pursuant to state law.

(f) Protection of sewage works. No person shall maliciously, willfully or negligently break, damage, destroy, uncover, deface or tamper with any structure, appurtenance or equipment which is a part of the sewage works.

(Code 1987, § 6-04.03; Ord. No. 167, § 1(6-04.03), 11-4-1991)

36-140. Sewage disposal requirements.

(a) Restrictions.

(1) Objectionable waste. It shall be unlawful for any person to place, deposit or permit to be deposited in an unsafe manner upon public or private property within the township, any human or animal excrement, sanitary sewage, garbage or other objectionable waste.

(2) Polluted waters. It shall be unlawful to discharge to any natural outlet any sanitary sewage, industrial waste, floatable oil, improperly shredded garbage, compatible pollutants, incompatible pollutants, toxic pollutants or other polluted water, except where suitable treatment has been provided in accordance with subsequent provisions of this division.

(3) Unlawful construction. Except as hereinafter provided, it shall be unlawful to construct or maintain any privy, privy tank, septic tank, cesspool or other facility intended or used for the disposal of sanitary sewage.

(b) Mandatory connection requirements.

(1) Structures in area where sewer available. Structures in which sanitary sewage originates, located in the township in the area served by the public sanitary sewer for which there is an available public sanitary sewer, shall not be used or occupied after the effective date of the ordinance from which this division is derived unless said structures are connected to the public sanitary sewer, except as stated in subsection (b)(2) of this section.

(2) Existing structures within 200 feet. The owner of any existing structure, building or house in which sanitary sewage originates and which is within 200 feet of a sanitary sewer shall connect those premises within 90 days after the effective date of the ordinance from which this division is derived.

(3) Structures emitting objectionable waste. The owner of any structure, building or house in which sanitary sewage originates, which is more than 200 feet from a sanitary sewer and discharges into the waters of any state any raw sewage of human origin; any sewage or any substance which is or may become injurious to domestic, commercial, industrial, agricultural, recreational or other uses which are being made or may be made of such waters; or which is or may become injurious to livestock, wild animals, birds, fish, aquatic life or plants or the growth or propagation thereof may be prevented or injuriously affected; or whereby the value of fish and game is or may be destroyed or impaired; shall, within 50 days of a notice to connect, which shall be sent by first-class mail to the address shown on the latest tax assessment rolls, connect to the public sanitary sewer so that the discharge is abated.

(4) Failure to connect.

a. Notice sent or posted. When the structure in which sanitary sewage originates has not been connected to an available public sanitary sewer, either before its use and occupancy, or within the 90-day limit provided for in this division, the township shall require such connection to be made forthwith after notice. The notice shall be made by either first-class mail sent to the property owner or by posting such notice on the property where the structure is located.

b. Content of notice. The notice shall:

1. Give the approximate location of the public sanitary sewer which is available for connection to the structure involved; and

2. Advise the property owner of the requirements and the enforcement provisions of this division.

(5) Enforcement provisions. Enforcement of the mandatory connection requirements contained herein may be had by the township in accordance with Public Act No. 368 of 1978 (MCL 333.12751 et seq.), which is hereby incorporated by reference, or in accordance with any other applicable statute or law of the state, after the expiration of 90 days from the date such notice is given.

(c) Private sewage disposal systems. Where a public sanitary sewer is not available under the provisions of subsection (b) of this section, the building sanitary sewer shall be connected to a private sewage disposal system, complying with health department regulations.

(1) Connection to sanitary sewer mandatory. At such time as a public sanitary sewer becomes available to a property served by a private sewage disposal system, as provided in subsection (b) of this section, direct connection shall be made to the public sanitary sewer in compliance with this division.

(2) Abandonment of septic tank or cesspool. When the public sanitary sewer is to be connected to a structure, the septic tank or cesspool, or both, shall be disconnected from the structure and shall be pumped and thoroughly cleaned and its contents removed and properly disposed of by a licensed tank cleaner.

(Code 1987, § 6-04.04)

36-141. Building sewer construction requirements.

(a) Building sewer permit.

(1) Requirement established. No unauthorized person shall uncover, perform any excavation near, make connections with or openings into, alter or destroy any public sanitary sewer, building sanitary sewer, or any appurtenances of either sewer without first obtaining a written permit from the sewer superintendent.

(2) Permit classes. There shall be two classes of building sanitary sewer permits. A permit shall be issued to the property owner or his authorized agent on a special form furnished by the township after all requirements of sections 36-142 through 36-144, inclusive, have been fulfilled, in one of the categories below:

a. Residential permit;

b. Commercial and industrial permit.

(b) Installation costs. All costs and expense incident to the installation and connection of the building sanitary sewer to the public sanitary sewer shall be borne by the property owner.

(c) Lots with no sewer house lead. In the event a property owner desires to construct a structure on a lot or parcel that abuts a public sanitary sewer but does not have the house lead portion of the building sanitary sewer available to the property line, then it shall be the responsibility of the property owner, his authorized agent, or his licensed contractor to install the building sanitary sewer service to the structure.

(1) Costs. All costs shall be borne by the property owner and no credit will be allowed toward the connection charge.

(2) According to current specifications. It shall be the responsibility of the property owner, his authorized agent or licensed contractor to obtain all necessary permits and perform the work in accordance with the current "Public and Private Building Sanitary Sewer Specifications." See sections 36-147 and 36-148

(d) Sewer requirements.

(1) Separate and independent sewers. A separate and independent building sanitary sewer shall be provided for every structure from which sanitary sewage originates, except where one of the following conditions exist:

a. One structure stands at the rear of another structure on a lot which has frontage to the public sanitary sewer only on one side, and a building sanitary sewer is not available or cannot be constructed to the rear structure through an alley, court, yard or driveway.

b. Two or more structures in existence prior to this division, constructed on a lot which by current zoning code cannot be divided.

(2) Single sewer for multiple buildings. The structures which meet the conditions of subsection (d)(2)b of this section may be connected by one building sanitary sewer if the capacity of the line as determined by the sewer superintendent is adequate to handle the structures.

a. Township not responsible for damage. The township does not and shall not assume any obligation or responsibility for damage caused by or resulting from such single building sanitary sewer aforementioned.

b. Commercial permit required. If the flow from the structures is greater than a six-inch inside diameter sewer will handle, the building sanitary sewer shall be considered a commercial connection and drawings and specification shall be submitted to the sewer superintendent and a commercial permit issued.

(3) Old buildings. Old building sanitary sewers may be used in connection with the new building sanitary sewer only when they are found on examination and testing to meet all requirements of this division by the sewer superintendent.

(e) Conformance to current specifications.

(1) Generally. The size, slope alignment, materials of construction of a building sanitary sewer and the methods to be used in excavating, placing the pipe, jointing, testing and backfilling the trench, shall all conform to the requirements of the current "Public Building Sanitary Sewer Specifications" and the "Private Building Sanitary Sewer Specifications" adopted by the township and by reference made a part of this division. See sections 36-147 and 36-148

(2) Revisions with board approval. The sewer superintendent shall have the authority under this division to make revisions in the "Public Building Sanitary Sewer Specifications" and the "Private Building Sanitary Sewer Specifications" within the following guidelines, with township board approval by resolution:

a. Revise the dates of issuance of the applicable standards to reflect the most current dates of revisions in section 36-150

b. Add or subtract acceptable manufacturer’s names as they become known, from the list in section 36-151

c. To reword sections of the specifications to clarify but not alter the basic intent.

(f) Sewer elevations.

(1) Below basement floor recommended. Whenever possible, it is recommended that the building sanitary sewer shall be brought to the structure at an elevation below the basement floor.

(2) Grinder pump used if too low. In all structures in which any building sanitary drain is too low to permit gravity flow to the public sanitary sewer, sanitary sewage carried by such building sanitary drain shall be lifted by an approved sewage grinder pump as listed in the "Private Building Sanitary Sewer Specifications" and discharged to the building sanitary sewer. See section 36-148

(3) Existing structures too low for gravity.

a. Sewage grinder pump. All structures existing prior to the adoption of this division not able to be served by gravity, as indicated by the consulting engineers employed by the township, shall be required to utilize a sewage grinder pump.

b. One-time credit against cost. The cost of acquisition, installation, operation and maintenance of the pump shall be borne by the property owner; provided, however, that a one-time credit of $500.00 shall be given to such property owner so situated.

(g) Surface runoff or groundwater prohibited. No person shall make connection of roof downspouts, foundation drains, areaway drains or other sources of surface runoff or groundwater to a building sanitary drain or building sanitary sewer which in turn is connected directly or indirectly to a public sanitary sewer, unless such connection is approved by the sewer superintendent for purposes of disposal of polluted surface drainage, in accordance with the "Public Building Sanitary Sewer Specifications" or the "Private Building Sanitary Sewer Specifications." See sections 36-147 and 36-148

(h) Building sanitary sewer/public sewer connection specifications. The connection of the building sanitary sewer into the public sanitary sewer shall conform to the requirements of the current "Public Building Sanitary Sewer Specifications" as adopted by the township and by reference made a part of this division. See sections 36-147 and 36-148

(i) Sewer capacity restriction. No building sanitary sewer connections will be permitted unless there is capacity available in all downstream sewers, pumping stations, force mains and the POTW.

(j) Inspection, testing, recording and approval. No building sanitary sewer shall be covered by backfilling until after it has been inspected, tested, its location has been recorded, and it has been approved according to the "Public Building Sanitary Sewer Specifications" or "Private Building Sanitary Sewer Specifications," or both, by the sewer superintendent. See sections 36-147 and 36-148

(k) Maintenance. A property owner shall maintain and be responsible for the cost of maintenance of the building sanitary drain, the building sanitary sewer and sewage grinder pumps, if any. The township shall maintain the public sanitary sewer, as defined in this division.

(Code 1987, § 6-04.05)

36-142. Contractor’s license.

(a) Securing permits for construction. Any person, partnership, firm or corporation desiring to secure permits to perform the construction of building sanitary sewer connections to structures of other persons, partnerships, firms or corporations shall, prior to issuance of said permits, provide the sewer superintendent with the following:

(1) Corporate surety bond. A satisfactory corporate surety bond, renewable yearly, in the amount of at least $5,000.00 as security for the faithful performance of the work in accordance with the township ordinances, public building sanitary sewer specifications, private building sanitary sewer specifications, standards, rules and regulations which shall be issued for each permit.

a. Purpose. The corporate surety bond shall be available to the township board for one, a combination of, or all of the following:

1. Repairs;

2. Indemnity for damages;

3. Deficiencies caused by the property owner done with knowledge of the licensed contractor;

4. Deficiencies caused by the property owner done without knowledge of the licensed contractor.

b. In force until terminated with release. The surety bond shall be kept in full force and effect by the licensed contractor until said licensed contractor shall have given ten days written notice to the sewer superintendent of his intention to terminate said corporate surety bond and shall thereafter have received a written release from the sewer superintendent.

c. Continuance of effect after building approval. The corporate surety bond shall be continued in effect for a period of one year (12 months), or such shortened time as shall be allowed by the sewer superintendent, after a final inspection and approval of the building.

(2) Blanket surety bond. Only upon final inspection and approval, the same corporate surety bond may be used towards the issuance of another permit, as a blanket bond, if it or the combination of corporate surety bonds outstanding for that contractor are licensed in the amount of at least $50,000.00.

a. Basis for permits allowed. In this case, the corporate surety bond shall be in effect as to whatever permits the licensed contractor might have made within a period of one year (12 months), or such lesser period of time as may be allowed by the sewer superintendent, even though the number of permits allowed over a period of time amounts to more than ten.

b. Maximum permits allowed. No more than ten building sanitary sewer permits shall be issued in any one period of time that have not had final inspection and approval by the sewer superintendent.

(3) Certificate of insurance. A certificate of insurance indemnifying the township for public liability and property damage, with limits of at least $100,000.00 for each person and $300,000.00 for each occurrence, shall be issued to the township.

a. Township named as co-insured. The township shall be an additional named insured on the policy as shown in the certificate of insurance.

b. Written notice of cancellation. The policy shall contain a provision that the coverage afforded under the policy will not be cancelled or materially changed until at least ten days written notice has been given to the township.

(b) Certification as licensed contractor. After a licensed contractor has complied with all of the above requirements of this section and other laws relating to licensing of businesses within the township, he shall be called a licensed contractor and shall be allowed to perform construction of building sanitary sewer lines within the township under the rules, regulations, specifications and ordinances of the township.

(c) Suspension or revocation. A contractor’s license may be suspended or revoked, or both, upon noncompliance with the township ordinances, public building sanitary sewer specifications, private building sanitary sewer specifications, standards, rules and regulations or a finding by the sewer superintendent that work is being done in less than a workmanlike manner, or both, or that there are claims from faulty work or materials for which the licensed contractor has failed to promptly respond by making reparations or demonstrating the claims are unfounded, or both.

(Code 1987, § 6-04.06)

36-143. Residential building sewer permits.

(a) Application by property owner. An application for a permit to connect a residential structure to the public sanitary sewer shall be made in writing by the property owner on a form supplied by the township.

(1) Requirements for issuing of permit. A private property owner shall be issued a permit only if the owner:

a. Hires a licensed contractor; or

b. Signs an affidavit, supplied by the township, that the applicant is the owner and occupant, or eventual occupant, of the structure where the installation of materials and bedding is to be performed, and that the installation of materials and bedding will be performed by the applicant without the assistance of a licensed contractor.

(2) Connection charge to be paid at time of application. At the time of application, the property owner shall pay the connection charges as specified in division 4 of this article.

(b) Building permit connection charge for new structures. In the application for a building permit for a new structure, the direct connection charge may not be paid before the building permit is issued and shall be paid in cash prior to the certificate of occupancy being issued for said structure.

(c) Issuance of permits. Residential building sanitary sewer permits shall be issued by the sewer superintendent to a property owner or his authorized representative upon compliance with the provisions of this section and the payment of the permit fee set by ordinance.

(1) Inspection and acceptance testing. There shall be an opportunity provided for inspection and acceptance testing after all pipe is in place and before the backfilling of the trench or the covering of any pipe.

(2) Expiration. All building sanitary sewer connection permits shall expire one year from the date of issuance.

(d) Owner/contractor agreements. With respect to written or oral agreements, contracts or transactions between property owners and licensed contractors herein, the township, notwithstanding any provisions contained in this division, shall not be deemed to have knowledge of a contract between said parties and shall not be deemed a principal or master of the agent or servant of the licensed contractor.

(1) Township no guarantor. The township does not in any way act as guarantor or surety for any licensed contractor herein.

(2) No warranties for performance. The township does not extend warranties, expressed or implied, for the licensed contractor’s performance, other than duties and obligations assumed by the township in the provisions of this division.

(Code 1987, § 6-04.07)

36-144. Commercial and industrial sewer permits.

(a) Application by property owner. An application for a permit to connect a commercial or industrial structure to the public sanitary sewer shall be made in writing by the property owner on a form supplied by the township and shall provide the following:

(1) A plan of the property showing accurately all building sanitary sewers, storm sewers and water lines now existing.

(2) Drawings and specifications covering all work proposed to be performed.

a. Sewers under six inches. If the size of the new building sanitary sewer is four- or six-inch inside diameter, the private building sanitary sewer specifications, along with a sketch, may be sufficient if approved by the sewer superintendent. See section 36-147

b. Sewers over six inches. If the size is in excess of the six-inch inside diameter sewer or if the sewer superintendent requires it, the drawings and specifications must be completed by a registered professional engineer.

c. Process water, wastes and sewage schedule. A complete schedule of all process waters, industrial wastes and sanitary sewage produced or expected to be produced at said property including a description of the character of each waste, the daily volume and the maximum rates of discharge and a representative analysis.

(b) Preinspection. Before a permit shall be issued for an existing commercial or industrial structure to connect to the public sanitary sewer, there shall be a preinspection by the plumbing inspector.

(1) Purpose. The purpose of the preinspection shall be to verify the following:

a. No storm drainage from the ground surface, roofs, foundation drains or groundwater shall empty into the public sanitary sewer by any method or device.

b. No cross connections between the public sanitary sewer and the water supply shall be allowed.

c. That there are proper traps and vents provided in the structure in accordance with the current plumbing code approved by the township.

(2) Notification by plumbing inspector. If any of the above-listed conditions in subsection (b)(1) of this section are prevailing in a structure during the preinspection, the property owner shall be notified by the plumbing inspector that the structure is in violation of the plumbing code and this division, and that repairs or alterations, or both, shall be performed on the plumbing system.

(3) Plumbing permit required. A property owner shall obtain a plumbing permit to perform any of the repairs or alterations necessitated by the preinspection, or by the alterations of the plumbing system the owner may deem necessary, before he makes a connection with the public sanitary sewer, or both.

(c) Preinspection fee with application. A preinspection fee of $15.00 shall be payable on application for the commercial or industrial sanitary sewer permit.

(d) Issuance of permits.

(1) Commercial building sanitary sewer. Commercial building sanitary sewer permits shall be issued by the sewer superintendent to a property owner or his authorized representative upon compliance with the provisions of this section and the payment of the permit fee set by this division.

(2) Industrial building sanitary sewer. Industrial building sanitary sewer permits shall be issued by the sewer superintendent to a property owner or his authorized representative after all requirements of this division have been met along with a payment guarantee such as payment bond, cash deposit, escrow agreement, irrevocable bank letter of credit or other similar surety agreement that satisfies the sewer superintendent that all township costs on the drawing review and inspection of the new building sanitary sewer will be reimbursed to the township.

(3) Inspection and acceptance tests. There shall be an opportunity provided for inspection and acceptance testing after all pipe is in place and before the backfilling of the trench or the covering of any pipe.

(Code 1987, § 6-04.08)

36-145. Sewer use regulations.

(a) Unpolluted drainage.

(1) Restriction. No person shall discharge or cause to be discharged any stormwater, surface water, groundwater, water from footing drains or roof water to any public sanitary sewer or building sanitary sewer connection except as otherwise provided in this division.

(2) Discharge to storm sewer.

a. Storm and drainage water. Stormwater, groundwater, water from footing drains and all other unpolluted drainage shall be discharged into such sewers as are specifically designated as storm sewers, or to a natural outlet, except as otherwise provided in this division.

b. Industrial cooling or process water. Industrial cooling water or unpolluted process waters may be discharged upon application and approval of the sewer superintendent and the appropriate state agency to a storm sewer or natural outlet.

(b) Waste unconditionally prohibited. Except as hereinafter provided, no person shall discharge or cause to be discharged any of the following described waters or wastes to any public sanitary sewer:

(1) Any liquid or vapor having a temperature higher than 140× F. (60× C.) or lower than 32× F. (0× C.).

(2) Any water or waste which may contain more than 50 mg/l of fat, oil or grease.

(3) Any gasoline, benzene, naphtha, fuel oil or other flammable or explosive, liquid, solid or gas.

(4) Solid or viscous substances in quantities or of such size capable of causing obstruction to the flow in sewers, or other interference with the proper operation of the POTW such as, but not limited to, ashes, bones, cinders, sand, mud, straw, shavings, metal, glass, rags, feathers, tar, plastics, wood, whole blood, paunch manure, hair and fleshings, entrails and paper dishes, cups, milk containers, etc., either whole or ground by garbage grinders.

(5) Any waters or wastes having corrosive properties capable of causing damage or hazard to structures, equipment and personnel of the sewage works.

(6) Any waters with pH lower than 6.0 or greater than 9.0.

(7) Any waters containing toxic or poisonous solids, liquids or gasses in sufficient quantity, either singly or by interaction with other wastes, to injure or interfere with any waste treatment process, constitute a hazard to humans or animals, create a public nuisance, or create any hazard in the receiving waters of the POTW.

(8) Any sanitary sewage or batch discharge in excess of the following concentrations of the substance listed:

a. 1.0 mg/l of zinc as Zn.

b. 1.0 mg/l of nickel as Ni.

c. 0.5 mg/l of total chromium as Cr.

d. 0.5 mg/l of lead as Pb.

e. 0.02 mg/l of silver as Ag.

f. 0.5 mg/l of copper as Cu.

g. 0.10 mg/l of cadmium as Cd.

h. 0.1 mg/l of cyanide as CN.

i. 0.19 mg/l of phenol.

j. 0.0002 mg/l of mercury as Hg (lower detection limit).

k. 0.42 mg/l of arsenic as As.

(9) Any water or waste containing suspended solids of such character and quantity that unusual attention or expense is required to handle such materials at the POTW.

(10) Any excessive discoloration (such as, but not limited to, dye waste and vegetable-tanning solutions), or any unusual biochemical oxygen demand, chlorides, sulfates or chlorine requirements in such quantities as to constitute a significant load on the POTW.

(11) Any radioactive waste or isotopes of such half-life or concentration as may exceed limits established by applicable state or federal regulations.

(12) Quantities of flow, concentrations, or both, which constitute a slug as defined herein.

(13) Any sanitary sewage containing any insoluble substance that will not pass a one-quarter inch mesh screen.

(14) No industrial waste will be permitted into the public sanitary sewers that may cause a deviation from the NPDES permit requirements, pretreatment standards, and all other state and federal regulations.

(15) Any garbage that has not been properly shredded. Garbage grinders may be connected to building sanitary sewers from homes, hotels, institutions, restaurants, hospitals, catering establishments or similar places where garbage originates from the preparation of food in kitchens for the purpose of consumption on the premises or when served by caterers.

(16) Any waste that contains insoluble solids in excess of 10,000 mg/l (PPM) or exceeds a daily average of 500 mg/l (PPM) or that contains a combination of soluble and insoluble material in excess of 20,000 mg/l (PPM) or exceeds a daily average of 2,000 mg/l (PPM).

(17) Any noxious or malodorous gas or substance capable of creating a public nuisance.

(18) Any discharge of phosphorous, ammonia, nitrates, sugars or other nutrients, or waste waters containing them, shall be limited to the extent necessary to prevent adverse effects on treatment processes or the stimulation of growths of algae, weeds and slimes which are or may become injurious to the water supply, recreational use of water, fish, wildlife and other aquatic life.

(19) Any grease, oil or other substance that will become solid or viscous at temperatures between 32× F. (0× C.) and 140× F. (60× C.).

(1) Approval of certain wastes prior to discharge to a sewer shall be subject to the review and approval of the utilities superintendent. Such approval shall be required for the admission into the public sanitary or combined sewers of any waters or wastes:

a. Having a five-day biochemical oxygen demand greater than 300 mg/l;

b. Containing more than 350 mg/l of suspended solids;

c. Having an average daily flow greater than two percent of the average daily flow of the POTW;

d. Containing more than ten mg/l of iron as Fe;

e. Containing a total phosphate content in excess of 40 mg/l, as PO4; or

f. Containing a chlorine demand greater than 15 mg/l.

(2) Where necessary, in the opinion of the utilities superintendent the owner shall provide, at his expense, such pretreatment as may be necessary to reduce the biochemical oxygen demand to 300 mg/l and the suspended solids to 350 mg/l; and to control toxic or deleterious substances; and to control the quantities and rates of discharge of such waters or wastes.

(3) The utilities superintendent shall have the authority to:

a. Deny or condition new or increased contribution pollutants, or changes in the nature of the pollutants, to the POTW by nondomestic users;

b. Require compliance with applicable pretreatment standards and requirements by nondomestic users;

c. Control, through permit, contract, order, or similar means, the contribution to the POTW by each industrial user to insure compliance with applicable pretreatment standards and requirements;

d. Require:

1. The development of a compliance schedule by each nondomestic user for the installation of technology required to meet applicable pretreatment standards and requirements; and

2. The submission of all notices and self-monitoring reports from nondomestic users as are necessary to assess and ensure compliance by nondomestic users with pretreatment standards and requirements, including, but not limited to, the reports required in CFR 403.12.

(4) Plans, specifications and any other pertinent information relating to proposed preliminary treatment facilities shall be submitted for the review and approval of the utilities superintendent, who may seek review by the appropriate agency of the state. No construction of such facilities shall be commenced until such review has been completed and the proposed pretreatment facilities approved in writing by the director.

(5) Where pretreatment facilities are provided for any wastes or waters, they shall be maintained continuously in satisfactory and effective operation by the owner at his expense. Any person required to utilize preliminary treatment facilities shall, upon the request of the utilities superintendent, submit to the utilities superintendent records of samplings taken from waste discharges.

(6) The township shall have the authority to identify and locate all possible nondomestic users which might be subject to the POTW pretreatment program, and to make such information available to the utilities superintendent.

(7) The utilities superintendent shall have the authority to:

a. Identify and locate all possible nondomestic users as defined in this division.

b. Identify the character and volume of pollutants contributed to the POTW by nondomestic users. This information will be made available to the utilities superintendent upon request.

c. Notify nondomestic users of applicable pretreatment standards.

d. Receive and analyze self-monitoring reports and other notices submitted by nondomestic users in accordance with the self-monitoring requirements in CFR 403.12.

e. Randomly sample and analyze the effluent from nondomestic users and conduct surveillance and inspection activities in order to identify occasional and continuing noncompliance with pretreatment standards.

f. Develop an enforcement response plan containing detailed procedures indicating how the POWT will investigate and respond to instances of nondomestic user noncompliance.

g. Develop an industrial user permit system for significant industrial users which shall control the nature and characteristics of discharges from these users. Any permit issued by the superintendent under this system shall be enforceable and have the full authority of law as though the specifications of the permit are contained herein, in accordance with the enforcement response plan.

h. Investigate instances of noncompliance with pretreatment standards and requirements and permit violations in accordance with the enforcement response plan.

i. Require nondomestic users to develop and implement a slug control plan.

(8) National pretreatment standards (40 CFR) from federal regulations specifying quantities or concentrations of pollutants or pollutant properties which may be discharged or introduced to a POTW by existing or new industrial users in specific industrial categories are hereby adopted and incorporated herein by reference, as if fully set out at length herein. These standards shall apply to existing and new sources as determined by federal regulations which are now or may be promulgated.

a. Except where expressly authorized to do so by an applicable categorical pretreatment standard, a nondomestic user shall not increase the use of process water or, in any other way, attempt to dilute a discharge as a partial or complete substitute for adequate treatment to achieve compliance with a categorical pretreatment standard, or other pretreatment standard.

b. Any nondomestic user or other enterprise discharging process flow to a sanitary sewer, storm sewer or receiving stream, and any person who applies for or receives sewer service, or through the nature of his enterprise creates a potential environmental problem or significantly alters the character or quantity of an existing discharge to the POTW, may be required to comply with the following:

1. File with the utilities superintendent a written statement setting forth the nature of the enterprise, the source and amount of water used, the amount of water to be discharged, with its present or expected bacterial, physical, chemical, radioactive or other pertinent characteristics of the wastes.

2. File with the utilities superintendent a plan map of the building, works or complex, with each outfall to the surface waters, sanitary sewer, storm sewer, natural watercourse or groundwaters noted and described and the waste stream identified.

3. Sample, test and file reports with the POTW and the appropriate characteristics of wastes on a schedule, at locations and according to methods approved by the superintendent.

4. Place waste treatment facilities, process facilities, waste streams or other potential waste problems under the specific supervision and control of persons who have been certified by an appropriate state agency as properly qualified to supervise such facilities.

5. Provide a report on raw materials entering the process or support system, intermediate materials, final products and waste by-products, as those factors may affect waste control.

6. Maintain records and file reports on the final disposal of specific liquids, solids, sludge, oils, radioactive materials, solvents or other wastes.

7. Submit nondomestic user control survey forms and self monitoring reports.

c. Any nondomestic user which does not normally discharge to the sanitary sewer, storm sewer or receiving stream, but has the potential to do so from accidental spills or similar circumstances, shall, when requested by the POTW, comply with subsection (c)(2) of this section.

(d) Interceptors. Grease, floatable oil and sand interceptors shall be provided when sanitary sewage contains grease in excessive amounts, or other harmful ingredients, except that such interceptors shall not be required for single-family or multiple-family structures.

(1) Type, capacity and location. All interceptors shall be of a type and capacity approved by the sewer superintendent and shall be located as to be readily and easily accessible for cleaning and inspection.

(2) Grease and oil specifications. Grease and oil interceptors shall be constructed of impervious materials capable of withstanding abrupt and extreme changes in temperature. They shall be of substantial construction, watertight and equipped with easily removable covers which, when bolted into place, shall be gastight and watertight.

(3) Maintenance and operation. Where installed, all grease, oil and sand interceptors shall be maintained in continuously efficient operation at all times by the property owner, at his expense.

a. Disposal of captured material. The property owner shall be responsible for removal and proper disposal of the captured material and shall maintain records of the dates and means of disposal which may be reviewed by the sewer superintendent.

b. Waste disposal by licensed firms. Any removal and hauling of the collected materials not performed by the property owners personnel shall be performed by currently licensed waste disposal firms.

(4) Gravity grease separators. Gravity grease separators shall not be used in hotels, restaurants and institutions in which large numbers of meals are served, if such establishments utilize commercial garbage grinders.

(e) Control manholes. When required by the superintendent, the owner of any property served by a building sewer carrying industrial or commercial wastes shall install one or more suitable control manholes in the building sewer to facilitate observation, sampling and measurement of wastes. Such manholes, when required, shall be accessible and safely located and shall be constructed in accordance with plans approved by the superintendent. The manholes shall be installed by the owner, at his expense, and shall be maintained by him so as to be safe and accessible at all times. All significant industrial users shall install a control manhole in the building sewer of process flow as required by the superintendent. More than one control manhole may be required.

(f) Control methods.

(1) All measurements, tests and analyses of the characteristics of waters and wastes pursuant to this division shall be determined in accordance with "Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater." Samples may be taken at the control manhole considered to be the nearest downstream manhole in the public sewer from the point at which the building sewer is connected. In addition, pretreatment standards may require that testing or sampling be done at a process discharge within a nondomestic user’s facility, or the superintendent may direct such sampling be carried out.

(2) Required corrective treatment may be required to be accomplished before wastes reach the sewer. All of the preceding specific conditions of this division are to apply at the point where wastes are discharged into a public sanitary or combined sewer, and all chemical and/or mechanical corrective treatment must be accomplished to practical completion before this point is reached.

(3) The utilities superintendent may require an industrial user and/or nondomestic user to provide such site access, right of entry, technical data, self-monitoring reports or other pertinent information which he deems necessary to make possible:

a. Identification of the type of pollutants stored and handled by nondomestic users.

b. Identification of possible spill situations.

c. Development and enactment of procedures requiring nondomestic users to provide spill prevention plans to the municipality (or POTW).

d. Development of procedures to enable municipal representatives to routinely inspect industrial spill prevention facilities.

e. Development and enforcement of procedures that require immediate reporting of all spill events to the municipal representative.

f. Establishment of an emergency response plan to deal with spills that include wastewater treatment plant operators, police facilities, fire facilities and medical care facilities.

g. Implementation of a program offering assistance and guidance to industries in preventing spills, including the posting of notification procedures provided by the POTW.

(4) The utilities superintendent may, upon identification of a containment site or other potential spill situation, require an industrial user or nondomestic user to:

a. Submit plans and specifications for construction of an appropriate containment device for his approval.

b. Require construction of such an approved containment device within a reasonable period of time upon written notice to the user of such requirement.

c. Inspect and approve the final construction of such containment device or facilities.

d. Determine the required volume, materials, location and other such technical considerations as he may deem necessary to ensure adequate protection of the POTW and the groundwaters of the state.

(5) The state department of environmental quality guidelines for planning, constructing and maintaining such facilities or devices shall normally be followed. However, the utilities superintendent or the township may impose additional and/or more restrictive requirements as he deems necessary to ensure the safe and proper operation of the POTW.

(6) Information and data on a nondomestic user obtained from reports, questionnaires, permit applications, permits and monitoring programs and from inspections shall be available to the public or other governmental agency without restriction unless the nondomestic user specifically requests otherwise, and is able to demonstrate to the satisfaction of the utilities superintendent that the release of such information would divulge information, processes or methods of production entitled to protection as trade secrets of the nondomestic user.

(7) When requested by the person furnishing a report, the portions of a report which might disclose trade secrets or secret processes shall not be made available for inspection by the public but shall be made available upon written request to governmental agencies from uses related to this division, the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit, state disposal system permit and/or the pretreatment programs; provided, however, that such portions of a report shall be available for use by the state or any state agency in judicial review or enforcement proceedings involving the person furnishing the report. Wastewater constituents and characteristics will not be recognized as confidential information.

(8) Information accepted by the utilities superintendent as confidential shall not be transmitted to any governmental agency or to the general public by the superintendent until and unless a ten-day notification is given to the nondomestic user.

(g) Industrial cost recovery. Recognizing that there are no industrial users as defined in 40 CFR 35.905, connected to and which are discharging to the sewage system of the township at the present time, it is hereby resolved that if, in the future, industrial users do discharge to the township sewage system, an industrial cost recovery system will be established in accordance with the USEPA requirements.

(Code 1987, § 6-04.09; Ord. No. 167, § 1(6-04.09), 11-4-1991; Ord. No. 180, § 1(6-04.01), 2-6-1995)

36-146. Penalties.

(a) Nothing in this division is intended to affect any pretreatment requirements, including any standards or prohibitions, established by state or local law as long as the state or local requirements are not less stringent than any set forth in national pretreatment standards, or any other requirements or prohibitions established under the Act.

(b) The utilities superintendent, or the township sewage superintendent, or his duly authorized representative shall have authority to halt or eliminate immediately and effectively any actual or threatened discharge of pollutants to the POTW which presents or may present an imminent or substantial endangerment to the health or welfare of persons, to the environment, or causes interference with the operation of the POTW. The utilities superintendent will immediately notify an officer of the township if said action has been taken.

(c) Any person notified of a suspension on the wastewater treatment service shall immediately stop or eliminate the discharge. In the event of a failure of the person to comply voluntarily with the suspension order, the utilities superintendent or township sewage superintendent shall take such steps as deemed necessary, including immediate severance of the sewer connection, to prevent or minimize damage to the POTW system or endangerment to any individuals. The utilities superintendent shall reinstate the wastewater treatment service upon proof of the elimination of the noncomplying discharge. A detailed written statement submitted by the user describing the causes of the harmful contribution and the measures taken to prevent any future occurrence shall be submitted to the utilities superintendent within 15 days of the date of occurrence.

(d) The utilities superintendent and other duly authorized employees of the POTW, bearing proper credentials and identification, shall be permitted to enter upon all nondomestic user properties for the purpose of inspection, observation, measurement, sampling and testing, in accordance with the provisions of this division. Any person who applies for or receives sewer services from the POTW shall be deemed to have consented to inspections pursuant to this section, including entrance upon that person’s property to make such inspections.

(1) The discharge into the POTW of any substance which exceeds the limitations contained in this division or which, in any manner, fails to conform to this division is hereby declared to be unlawful and a public nuisance.

(2) Any person found to be in violation of any provision of this division, except provisions dealing with the damaging or destruction of any part of the POTW, shall be served by the city with written notice stating the nature of the violation and providing a reasonable time limit for the satisfactory correction thereof. The offender shall, within or at the expiration of the period of time stated in such notice, permanently cease all violations. Any person who shall continue any violation beyond the time limit provided shall be guilty of a violation of this division (or other citation if appropriate). Noncompliance progress reports may be required until correction is achieved. These provisions shall not prevent the utilities superintendent from exercising his authority under the provisions stated in this section which provide for suspension of service.

(e) The township is hereby authorized to bring any appropriate action, in the name of the township, either at law or in chancery, as may be necessary or desirable to restrain or enjoin any public nuisance defined in this division and, in general, to carry out the intents and purposes of this division.

(f) Any discharger who is found to have violated an order of the POTW, or who has failed to comply with any provision of this division or orders of any court of competent jurisdiction, may be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and penalized in accordance with the requirements or the appropriate township ordinance.

(g) Any discharger violating any of the provisions of this division, or who discharges or causes a discharge producing a deposit or obstruction, or causes damage to or impairs the POTW’s wastewater disposal system shall be liable to the POTW for any expense, loss or damage caused by such violation or discharge. The POTW shall bill the discharger for the costs incurred by the POTW for any cleaning, repair or replacement work caused by the violation or discharge. Refusal to pay the assessed costs shall constitute a violation of this division and may subject the discharger to further civil or criminal penalties in accordance with the provisions of the ordinance which governs the operation of the city POTW.

(h) Any person who knowingly makes any false statement, representation or certification in any application, record, report, plan or other document filed or required to be maintained pursuant to this division or wastewater discharge permit, or who falsifies, tampers with or knowingly renders inaccurate any monitoring device or method required under this division, may be guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction may be punished by the imposition of penalties. Penalties for violation of this section shall be a fine of not more than $500.00 and costs of prosecution, or by imprisonment for not more than 90 days, or by both such fine and imprisonment.

(i) Any nondomestic user shall have the right to request, in writing, an interpretation or ruling by the POTW or the township on any matter covered by this division and shall be entitled to a prompt written reply. In the event that such an inquiry is by a nondomestic user and deals with matters of performance or compliance with this division for which enforcement activity relating to an alleged violation is the subject, receipt of a nondomestic user’s request shall stay all enforcement proceedings pending receipt of the aforesaid written reply. This shall not prevent the utilities superintendent from exercising his authority under the provisions of this section.

(Code 1987, § 6-04.10; Ord. No. 167, § 1(6-04.10), 11-4-1991)

36-147. Public building sanitary sewer specs.

(a) Scope. This specification establishes the minimum requirements for building sanitary sewers in public rights-of-way within the township.

(b) Definitions. The following words, terms and phrases, when used in this section, shall have the meanings ascribed to them in this subsection, except where the context clearly indicates a different meaning:

Building sanitary drain means that part of the lowest piping of the wastewater drainage system of a building which receives the sanitary sewage from soil pipes, waste pipes and other drainage pipes inside the perimeter walls of the building, and conveys it to the building sanitary sewer, which begins approximately five feet outside the building wall.

Building sanitary sewer means that part of the wastewater drainage system of a building which extends from the end of the building sanitary drain (approximately five feet outside the building wall) and conveys its discharge to a public sanitary sewer.

House lead means that portion of the building sanitary sewer extending from the public sanitary sewer to the right-of-way or easement line.

Public sanitary sewer means a common sanitary sewer used or intended for use by the public for the collection and transportation of sanitary sewage for treatment or disposal and owned by the township.

(1) Public sewer pipe wye fittings.

a. Reinforced concrete pipe. Shall have modified tongue and groove ends and conform to ASTM C76. Jointing system rubber gaskets shall conform to ASTM C443 except fabricated of synthetic rubber meeting the physical requirements specified in section 5.9.1 of ASTM C361. Sewer pipe shall be tapped and either elastomeric boot or bell end of house lead pipe with spigot cut to the required length installed at the pipe manufacturer’s plant.

b. Asbestos-cement nonpressure sewer pipe wye fittings. Shall conform to ASTM C428. Jointing system rubber rings shall conform to ASTM D1869, oil-resistant type.

c. Vitrified clay pipe wye fittings. Shall conform to ASTM C700, extra strength. Joint system compression joints shall conform to ASTM C425.

d. PVC plastic gravity sewer pipe 45-degree reducing wye fittings. Shall conform to ASTM D3033 or D3034, SDR 35 and table 7. Jointing system elastomeric gaskets shall conform to ASTM F447, low-head application. Jointing system shall meet the requirements of ASTM D3212.

e. ABS plastic composite sewer pipe (truss pipe). Shall conform to ASTM D2680, type SC. Jointing system ABS solvent cement shall conform to ASTM 2235. Sewer pipe shall be tapped and a ABS plastic saddle wye adhered to the sewer pipe at the pipe manufacturer’s plant.

(2) Wye fitting insertion method materials.

a. Sewer pipe wye fitting. Same kind of material and size as public sewer pipe.

b. Banded coupling-type adapters. Consist of elastomeric or plastic sheet sleeve secured to sewer pipe with two type 304 stainless steel compression bands. Sleeve made of material meeting the strength and chemical requirements of ASTM C425.

(3) Direct tap method materials.

a. Wye stubs. Bell end of house lead pipe with spigot end cut to required length.

b. Nonshrink grout. Nonmetallic, free of gas forming materials and capable of adhering to the kinds of materials to be joined.

c. Epoxy grout. Formulated for application at the temperature and moisture conditions at the job at time of use and capable of adhering to the kinds of materials to be joined.

(4) Clamp-type saddle tap method materials; metal clamp-type sewer pipe saddles.

a. Body of saddle shall be fabricated of cast grey iron conforming to ASTM A48, class 35, coated with a rust inhibitor paint and correctly contoured for the size and kind of sewer pipe on which it is to be installed.

b. Saddle shall contain a rubber O-ring gasket, conforming to ASTM D1869, cemented in place.

c. Saddle shall be equipped with a spigot or bell inlet suitable for acceptance of the kind and size of building sewer pipe to be connected. If necessary, an acceptable coupling or gasket shall be supplied with the saddle.

d. Saddle shall be equipped with type C304L stainless steel strap, not less than 24-gauge thick by 2.5 inches wide, having two three-eighths-inch diameter silicone bronze or stainless steel T-bolt and nut, for clamping the saddle to the pipe.

e. The saddle with coupling or gasket shall withstand at least seven psi internal pressure when installed.

(5) Cemented-in-place saddle tap method materials.

a. Vitrified clay pipe. Polyester plastic tapping saddle, correctly contoured for size of vitrified clay pipe on which it is to be installed, and equipped with a bell inlet suitable for acceptance of the kind and size of building sewer to be connected. Provide epoxy kit recommended by saddle manufacturer.

b. PVC plastic gravity sewer pipe. 45-degree PVC plastic saddle wye conforming to ASTM D3033 or D3034, table 4. PVC solvent cement shall conform to ASTM D2564.

c. ABS plastic composite sewer pipe. Forty-five degree ABS plastic saddle wye conforming to ASTM D2680, table 2. ABS solvent cement shall conform to ASTM D2235.

(6) Building sewer pipe and fittings.

a. Asbestos-cement sewer pipe and couplings. Shall conform to ASTM C644, class 2400, type I or type II. Jointing system rubber rings shall conform to ASTM D1869, oil-resistant type.

b. Vitrified clay pipe and fittings. Shall conform to ASTM C700, extra strength. Jointing system shall conform to ASTM C425.

c. PVC plastic sewer pipe and fittings. Shall conform to ASTM D3033 or D3034, SDR 35. Jointing system elastomeric gaskets shall conform to ASTM F447, low-head application. Jointing system shall meet the requirements of ASTM D3212.

d. ABS plastic sewer pipe and fittings. Shall conform to ASTM D2751, SDR 23.5. Jointing system ABS solvent cement shall conform to ASTM D2235.

e. Cast iron soil pipe and fittings. Shall conform to ASTM A74, SV classification. Jointing system rubber gaskets shall conform to ASTM C564.

f. Pipe adapters.

1. Insert-type adapter shall be made of material meeting the strength and chemical requirements of ASTM C425, and of configuration to suit bell end of size and kind of pipe in which it is to be inserted.

2. Banded coupling-type adapters shall consist of elastomeric or plastic sheet sleeve or boot secured to sewer pipe with two type 302/304 stainless steel compression bands. Sleeve or boot material shall meet the strength and chemical requirements of ASTM C425.

(7) Pipe bedding materials.

a. Aggregate bedding.

1. General.

(i) Free from lumps of fine-grained soils, construction debris, topsoil organic matter, frozen material and other deleterious materials.

(ii) Capable of being compacted to the required percent maximum density by the compaction equipment and methods to be used.

2. Materials. One of the following:

(i) Angular stone. Uniformly graded crushed stone with 100 percent passing 1½-inch sieve and 100 percent retained on quarter-inch sieve.

(ii) Pearock. Uniformly graded crushed rock or crushed gravel with 100 percent passing three-quarter-inch sieve and 100 percent retained on quarter-inch sieve.

(iii) Sand. Natural sand having gradation of 95 to 100 percent passing on No. 4 sieve and 90 to 100 percent retained on No. 100 sieve.

(iv) Coarse aggregate. Crushed stone or crushed gravel or blast-furnace slag having gradation of 100 percent passing one-inch sieve and 90 percent maximum retained on three-eighths-inch sieve; such as meeting gradation requirements of ASTM D448 size 67 or MDSHT standard specifications section 8.02 coarse aggregate 17A.

(v) Coarse aggregate-sand. Crushed stone, gravel, sand, blast-furnace slag or combination thereof, having gradation of 100 percent passing 1½-inch sieve, 60 to 100 percent passing one-inch sieve, zero to 30 percent passing No. 100 sieve, and zero to seven percent loss by washing; such as MDSHT standard specifications section 8.02.05 granular material class II modified to meet specified sieve analysis, and no foundry sand permitted.

b. Concrete. Shall meet the requirements of MDSHT standard specifications table 7.01-1 grade of concrete 30P modified to provide one-inch maximum slump.

(8) Backfill materials.

a. Class A trench backfill. Excavated material or combination of excavated material and borrow material, meeting the following requirements:

1. Well-graded to poorly-graded clean gravels, gravels with fines, well-graded to poorly-graded clean sands, sands with fines, or gravel-sand mixtures (that is, soil mixtures classified in the Uniform Soil Classification System, ASTM D2487, as group symbols GW, GP, GM, GC or combinations thereof);

2. Material passing No. 200 sieve not more than eight percent by weight;

3. Free from particles exceeding three inches in largest dimension, lumps of fine-grained soils, cinders, ashes, refuse, debris, topsoil, organic matter and other deleterious materials;

4. Capable of being compacted to the required percentage maximum density by the compacting equipment to be used.

b. Class B trench backfill. Excavated material meeting the following requirements:

1. Free from particles exceeding six inches in largest dimension, cinders, ashes, refuse, debris, vegetable or organic matter, and other deleterious materials;

2. Capable of being placed and compacted to the required percentage maximum density by the earth moving equipment to be used.

c. Borrow material.

1. Provide borrow material as necessary to combine with excavated material to obtain the specified requirements for class A trench backfill, or when the quantity of suitable excavated material is not sufficient to complete the required backfilling.

2. Borrow material shall be reasonably uniform graded pit-run gravel or sand-gravel mixture meeting the requirements specified for class A trench backfill.

d. Class 2 granular material. Crushed stone, gravel, sand, blast-furnace slag or combination thereof, having gradation of 100 percent passing three-inch sieve, 60 to 100 percent passing one-inch sieve, zero to 30 percent passing No. 100 sieve, and zero to seven percent loss by washing; such as MDSHT standard specifications section 8.02.05 granular material class II except no foundry sand permitted.

e. Sand. Natural sand, free from organic matter, debris and other deleterious materials having gradation of 95 to 100 percent passing No. 4 sieve, 90 to 100 percent retained on No. 100 sieve, and zero to ten percent loss by washing.

(d) Execution.

(1) Excavation.

a. Job conditions.

1. No excavation with power operated excavation equipment may begin until all requirements of Public Act No. 53 of 1974, as amended, of the laws of the state, have been complied with.

2. Notices.

(i) A written notice of intent to excavate shall be given 48 hours prior to start of excavation to all utilities within the construction area including the following information: city or township and county of work location; exact work location, street and number, lot number, cross street, subdivision section number; extent of work, direction, limits and measurements; special instructions; type and purpose of excavation; your name, company name; and your telephone number and best time to call.

(ii) If a utility is part of "Miss Dig Association" notice of the above information may be given 48 hours in advance of construction by telephone to number 800-482-7171.

(iii) It shall be the responsibility of the excavator to determine which utilities are part of the "Miss Dig Association" and which will need written notice.

3. Conduct excavation operations so that adequate drainage is afforded. Convey water to existing catchbasins or other disposal areas approved by the township. Remove all water, regardless of source, interfering with performance of excavation for building sanitary sewer when excavation is open. Provide all pumps, hose, power and other necessary equipment and attendance on 24-hour basis.

4. Provide and maintain barricades, warning signs, warning lights and other protection required by applicable laws, regulations and safety codes for safety of persons and protection of property during excavation and other earthwork operations.

5. Obtain county road or state highway commission permit if any of the following conditions exist:

(i) Excavation is performed within the road right-of-way.

(ii) Excavation material is stockpiled in road right-of-way.

(iii) Equipment is working or stored in the road right-of-way.

b. Pavement removal.

1. Remove pavement to a minimum width of five feet and at least one foot wider on each side than excavation width.

2. Where Portland cement concrete pavement, the remaining slab width from the patch to an existing joint shall be a minimum of five feet. Cut concrete pavement by sanding to a minimum depth of five inches.

3. Where bituminous concrete pavement, cut pavement by sawing, unless otherwise approved by the township.

4. Make all saw cuts in a straight line and parallel to existing transverse and longitudinal joints, unless otherwise approved by the township because of unusual circumstances.

c. Excavation generally.

1. Excavation shall include removal, hauling and disposal of all classes of materials and obstruction encountered in excavating for building sewers.

2. The house lead shall have a ten-foot horizontal separation from any water supply line under pressure and should have more than ten feet of separation from a private well. Note: Where the house lead must cross the water supply line, the bottom of the water service within ten feet of the point of crossing shall be at least 12 inches above the top of the house lead.

3. The house lead that parallels a utility line shall have a minimum distance from the utility equal to its depth (one on one slope area of influence) unless special precautions are taken to support the utility.

4. Whenever the house lead must be installed closer than two feet below or six inches above an existing utility line such as gas, storm sewer or water main, the following shall be done:

(i) A concrete, or where plastic pipe is used, a pearock bedding encasement shall be placed around and along the house lead for a distance of one foot plus the outside diameter of the utility on both sides and up to the spring line of the utility.

(ii) To prevent point bearing or settlement of the house lead which is six inches or less above the utility, a concrete, or in the case of plastic pipe, a pearock bedding encasement shall be placed from the trench bottom up to the spring line and along the house lead on both sides of the utility a distance of two feet plus the outside diameter of the utility crossed.

d. Excavations at wye location of public sanitary sewer. Perform excavations with sufficient space to permit installation of house lead at wye, or removal of existing public sanitary sewer pipe section at proposed wye location and installation of sewer pipe fitting, or tapping of public sanitary sewer pipe at proposed wye location and installation of wye stub or saddle, as required by the conditions of installation.

e. Trench excavation.

1. Begin trench excavation at public sanitary sewer wye location and proceed toward the upper end.

2. Excavate trench so that the pipe can be laid to the required alignment and slope.

3. Excavate trench bottoms below the pipe invert a sufficient distance to provide space for the pipe bedding.

4. Remove ledge rock, particles over two inches in least dimension, and other obstructions to provide clearance of six inches at bottom and sides of pipe.

5. Maximum width of trench at top of pipe shall be as indicated in figure No. 1, Pipe bedding, section 36-149

(i) If maximum trench width at top of pipe is exceeded, construct a concrete cradle or other type of approved bedding to provide support for additional load.

(ii) When sand or coarse aggregate or coarse aggregate-sand bedding material is to be used, maintain the maximum trench width at top of pipe to permit compaction of the bedding material around the pipe.

(iii) When pearock or angular stone bedding material is to be used, provided a minimum of six inches clearance on each side of the pipe.

f. Shoring and bracing.

1. Provide and maintain shoring, bracing, sheet piling and other temporary work as may be necessary for the safety and protection of the work, public and adjacent property.

2. Remove such shoring and bracing when no longer required, unless otherwise approved by the township because of unusual circumstances. Fill voids left by removal of shoring and bracing with sand, compacted in place.

g. Removal of unstable soil materials.

1. Remove all unstable soil materials encountered at bottom elevations of excavations.

2. Fill excavations for unstable soil materials to elevation of bottom of excavations with class 2 granular material and compact fill materials to 95 percent maximum density as determined by standard proctor test (ASTM D698).

3. If unstable conditions are due to saturated soil pearock, angular stone or coarse aggregate may be used to stabilize the excavation.

4. Where unstable soil materials below bottom elevation of excavations is unstable to such a degree that it cannot be removed and replaced with granular material as specified above, the contractor shall construct supports as directed by the township.

h. Storage of excavated material.

1. Stockpile excavated material suitable for backfill in an orderly manner a sufficient distance from the banks of excavations to avoid overloading and to prevent slides or cave-ins.

2. Pile such excavated material on side of excavations to permit ready access to and use of existing fire hydrants, shut-off valves and other utility services and so as not to obstruct surface drainage of adjacent areas.

i. Disposal of waste and excess excavated materials. Promptly remove as the work progresses all waste materials resulting from excavation operations, and remove excess excavated material suitable for backfill, and legally dispose of off the right-of-way or property owner’s premises.

(2) Building sewer connections to public sewer.

a. Where public sanitary sewer wye fitting exists. Remove location marker and stopper in wye outlet.

b. Where no public sanitary sewer wye fitting provided.

1. Wye fitting insertion method.

(i) Prior to removing a section of the public sanitary sewer, stop the flow in the public sewer by installing an air inflatable pipe stopper in the sewer pipe adjacent to the nearest upstream manhole. After installation of wye fitting, deflate pipe stopper and remove.

(ii) Remove section of public sanitary sewer pipe at building sanitary sewer connection location. Prior to cutting the public sewer pipe, support pipe adjacent to the proposed cuts in a manner to maintain the alignment and grade of the sewer line during cutting operations. Cut sewer pipe square with axis, using cutting and machining tools recommended by the manufacturer of the kind of sewer pipe to be cut.

(iii) Insert sewer pipe fitting having square cut ends into the public sanitary sewer line.

(iv) Make pipe joints in the public sanitary sewer line with banded coupling-type adapters. Install adapters in accordance with manufacturer’s recommendation and in a manner to maintain the alignment and grade of the sewer line.

(v) Limitations. Banded coupling-type adapters are available for sewer pipe sizes up to 15 inches.

(vi) Refer to figure No. 2, Wye pipe insertion with flexible couplings, section 36-149

2. Direct tap method.

(i) Field cut a circular opening in the public sanitary sewer pipe at building sanitary sewer connection. Make outside diameter of opening at least two inches greater than outside diameter of wye stub spigot.

(ii) Tap cutting methods.

A. Make taps by drilling holes at four inches center-to-center around the periphery of the opening to create a plane of weakness; break-out opening with hammer and chisel.

B. Taps up to eight inches outside diameter may be made with a hole cutting system using the cutter shell recommended by the manufacturer for the kind of sewer pipe to be cut and the type of drive as required by the conditions of installation.

C. Install a wye stub in the opening in the public sanitary sewer pipe, of the same material to be used in the house lead. Secure wye stub of asbestos-cement, vitrified clay or cast iron soil pipe, with a nonshrink grout. Secure wye stub of PVC or ABS plastic with epoxy grout. Prepare contact surfaces, mix grout and place grout in accordance with manufacturer’s recommendations.

(iii) Limitations.

A. Direct tap method is required for ASTM C76 reinforced concrete sewer pipe over 30 inches with wall A or B and over 27 inches with wall C and all noncircular reinforced concrete sewer pipe.

B. Direct tap method shall only be used on ASTM C-76 reinforced concrete sewer pipe of 15-inch diameter and larger; use other methods on concrete pipe less than 15 inches in diameter.

C. The direct tap method shall not be used for asbestos-cement, vitrified clay, PVC plastic, ABS plastic or cast iron soil pipe. Other methods as outlined herein shall be used for these pipe materials.

(iv) Refer to figure No. 3, Direct tap on 15-inch and larger main lines only, section 36-149

3. Clamp-type saddle tap method.

(i) Field cut a circular opening in the public sanitary sewer pipe at building sewer connection. Make outside diameter of opening as recommended by the clamp-type saddle manufacturer.

(ii) Tap cutting method shall be by a hole cutting system using the cutter shell recommended by the manufacturer for kind of sewer pipe to be cut and type of drive as required by conditions of installation.

(iii) Install metal clamp-type sewer pipe saddle over opening in public sanitary sewer pipe. Use saddle having contour matching public sewer pipe kind and size and having building sanitary sewer connection as required to suit building sewer pipe kind and jointing system.

(iv) Limitations. Clamp-type saddle tap method is suitable for four-inch and six-inch building sanitary sewer connections to all kinds of circular sewer pipe up to 37 inches outside diameter.

(v) Refer to figure No. 4, Clamp-type saddle tap method, section 36-149

4. Cemented-in-place saddle tap method.

(i) Field cut a circular opening in public sanitary sewer pipe at building sanitary sewer connection. Make outside diameter of opening as recommended by the saddle wye fitting manufacturer.

(ii) Tap cutting procedure shall be by a hole cutting system using the cutter shell recommended by manufacturer for kind of sewer pipe to be cut and type of drive as required by conditions of installation.

(iii) Install a saddle wye fitting over opening in public sanitary sewer pipe. Secure saddle to sewer pipe with adhesive. Provide saddle wye fitting designed for the kind and size of public sanitary sewer pipe. Provide adhesive recommended by manufacturer for kind of saddle and sewer pipe. Prepare contact surfaces and apply adhesive in accordance with manufacturer’s recommendations.

(iv) Limitations. Saddle wye fittings are available for vitrified clay pipe six inches or eight inches, 12 inches and 15 inches, and all sizes of PVC plastic gravity sewer pipe and ABS plastic composite sewer pipe.

(v) Refer to figure No. 5, Cemented-in-place saddle wye tap method, section 36-149

(3) Building sewer pipe installation.

a. House lead portion of building sanitary sewer.

1. Unless otherwise approved by the township because of unusual circumstances, construction of house leads for each fronting property which the public sanitary sewer is designed to serve shall be included with the construction of each public sewer.

2. Minimum size of house leads shall be six inches.

3. Where depth of public sanitary sewer, from top of pipe to finished surface, exceeds 12 feet, risers shall be installed from public sanitary sewer wye to an elevation 12 feet below finished surface.

4. House leads connecting to risers on public sanitary sewer shall be 12 feet or more deep at the riser below the proposed finished elevation at ground surface, and a minimum of ten feet below proposed finished elevation of the ground surface at the property line. House leads connecting to public sanitary sewer wyes which are less than 12 feet deep shall be installed with house lead at a minimum slope of one-eighth inch per foot (1.04 percent) from the wye to the property line. The public sanitary sewer wye shall be rotated to conform to the minimum slope of the house lead.

5. When extension to building sanitary drain not provided.

(i) Plug with waterproof stopper all house leads without extension to building sanitary drain. Securely strap or block stoppers in place. Do not install stoppers with joint solvent; use only lubricant recommended by the stopper manufacturer.

(ii) Install a location marker at each plugged house lead. Each marker shall consist of a marker stake placed vertically in backfill at house lead pipe end and extending from house lead invert elevation to two feet above ground surface.

6. Refer to figure No. 7, House lead detail, section 36-149

b. Preparation.

1. Carefully inspect pipe, fittings and gaskets for defects before installation.

2. Clean pipes and fittings of accumulated debris and water before installation.

c. Placing initial pipe bedding–Standard bedding.

1. Where pipe is to be laid in trench having width at top of pipe of not more than maximum indicated in figure No. 1, Place aggregate bedding material on trench bottom with four inches minimum thickness below the pipe bottom at the centerline, and dimension between pipe and trench wall as follows:

(i) When trench width at top of pipe is at or near maximum allowable, bedding material shall be sand or coarse-aggregate or coarse aggregate-sand.

(ii) When dimension between pipe and trench wall is six to eight inches, bedding material shall be pearock or angular stone.

2. Shape pipe-bed true to grade and to provide continuous uniform bearing surface for pipe exterior.

3. Do not use blocks in bedding pipe.

4. Shape transverse depressions as required to receive pipe bells.

5. Compact full width of bed to at least 75 percent of maximum density as determined by relative density test (ASTM D2049).

d. Same–Concrete cradle.

1. Where pipe, except plastic sewer pipe, is to be laid in trench having width at top of six-inch pipe exceeding maximum indicated in figure No. 1, Construct concrete cradle.

2. Concrete cradle shall have a width at least equal to the outside diameter of the pipe plus eight inches.

3. Deposit concrete in horizontal layers in manner to avoid inclined horizontal layers and inclined construction joints.

4. Consolidate concrete by hand spading or other approved method.

5. Bring concrete to the required level and strike-off to a surface substantially free of humps and hollows.

6. Embed pipe in concrete to a height of not less than one-quarter of the outside diameter of the pipe.

7. Where plastic sewer pipe is used, provide standard bedding in lieu of concrete cradle. Provide standard bedding to the full width between undisturbed trench walls or 2.5 pipe diameters on both sides of the pipe at the centerline, whichever is least.

e. Same–At public sanitary sewer wyes.

1. Except where plastic pipe is used, place two cubic feet minimum of concrete against undisturbed walls of excavation for support of public sewer pipe fitting and riser portion of house lead.

2. Where plastic pipe is used, place and compact aggregate bedding in lieu of concrete. Compact aggregate bedding to at least 75 percent of maximum density as determined by relative density test (ASTM D2049).

f. Handling pipe.

1. Handle pipe with equipment recommended by the pipe manufacturer.

2. Take care during handling of pipe to protect it against impact shocks and freefall.

3. When vitrified clay pipe is used, do not permit hooks to come in contact with premolded joint surfaces, and handle pipe so that no weight, including the weight of the pipe itself, will bear on or be supported by the joining material.

g. Pipe laying.

1. Follow immediately behind excavation.

2. Lay pipe on prepared bed, true to line and grade, with pipe invert smooth and free of sags or high points.

3. Ensure barrel of each pipe is in contact with shaped bed throughout its entire length.

4. Commence laying at outlet and proceed in upstream direction with bell or socket ends of pipe facing upstream.

5. Position and join pipes with approved equipment. Do not use excavating equipment to force pipe sections together.

6. Whenever work is suspended, install a removable watertight bulkhead at open end of last pipe laid to prevent entry of foreign materials.

7. Whenever water is excluded from interior of pipe, place enough bedding material on the pipe to prevent floating. Remove from the trench all pipe that has floated and relay as directed by the township.

h. Pipe jointing–House lead to public sanitary sewer.

1. Where house lead pipe and public sanitary sewer pipe are of different materials, join house lead pipe to building sanitary sewer wye by either insert-type or banded coupling-type adapters and select size and type of adapter in accordance with manufacturer’s recommendations for pipe size, kinds of pipe and type of pipe ends.

2. Where house lead pipe and public sewer pipe are of the same materials, join house lead pipe to public sanitary sewer wye as specified under subsection (d)(3)i of this section for the kind of pipe.

3. A six-inch test wye shall be connected to the house lead one foot from the public sanitary sewer wye for testing the house lead, unless the house lead is to be tested along with the public sanitary sewer. The test wye will be used to allow placing of two test ball plugs (pneumatic type) for pressure testing. Refer to figure No. 6, House lead test wye at public sanitary sewer, section 36-149. Use test wye of same kind and type as house lead. Insert one foot sewer pipe compatible with the test wye into the branch of the wye for testing if needed.

i. Same–Building sanitary sewers.

1. Align pipes carefully before joining.

2. Maintain pipe joints free from mud, silt or other foreign material.

3. Complete each joint before laying next length of pipe.

4. Minimize joint deflection after joint has been laid to avoid joint damage.

5. Asbestos-cement pipe used.

(i) Wipe clean machined ends of pipe, coupling grooves and rubber rings immediately before joining.

(ii) Insert rubber rings, lubricate pipe ends and assemble pipe and coupling in accordance with pipe manufacturer’s installation recommendations.

(iii) After field assembly, verify that the rubber rings are in the required position by use of a suitable gauge, as designed by the pipe manufacturer.

(iv) Do not deflect pipe either vertically or horizontally more than the limits recommended by the pipe manufacturer.

6. Vitrified clay pipe used.

(i) Thoroughly clean joint contact surfaces immediately prior to joining.

(ii) Use lubricant, primer or adhesive recommended by the joint manufacturer.

(iii) Join pipe by ramming pipe home in accordance with pipe manufacturer’s installation recommendations.

7. PVC plastic pipe used.

(i) Prepare pipe bell and spigot and install elastomeric gaskets in accordance with pipe manufacturer’s installation recommendations.

(ii) Support pipes with hand slings or other approved method as required to minimize lateral pressure on gasket and maintain concentricity until gasket is properly positioned.

(iii) Avoid displacing gasket or contaminating it with dirt or other foreign material. Gaskets so disturbed or contaminated shall be removed, cleaned and lubricated, and replaced before laying next length of pipe.

(iv) Apply sufficient pressure in making joints to ensure that joint is complete as defined in pipe manufacturer’s installation recommendations.

8. ABS plastic pipe used.

(i) After the pipe and fittings have been exposed to the same temperature for a reasonable length of time, test them for tight or loose fit before applying solvent cement. Pipe shall enter the socket easily for a distance of one-fourth to one-third of the socket depth.

(ii) Surfaces to be joined shall be clean and free from moisture before application of solvent cement. Clean joint contact surfaces with a clean, dry rag or a liquid cleaner recommended by the pipe manufacturer.

(iii) Handle ABS solvent cement in accordance with requirements of ASTM F402. Do not use solvent cement that show signs of gelation after prolonged use.

(iv) Apply solvent cement uniformly on the inside of the socket by means of a natural bristle brush, nylon brush or other suitable applicator. Take care to avoid applying excessive solvent cement which would form a bead on the inside of the fitting when the pipe is inserted. Brush solvent cement generously on the pipe to the depth of the fitting socket.

(v) Immediately after the solvent cement is applied, insert the pipe to the bottom of the socket using a slight twisting motion and then hold in place a few seconds until the solvent cement sets. Unless temporarily restrained, the pipe tends to back out slightly. If sufficient solvent cement has been applied, a small bead of cement will form between the pipe and the shoulder of the fitting. Remove this excessive cement with a dry cloth. Do not use solvent cement thinner (methyl ethyl ketone) to wipe off excess cement because it will weaken the joint.

(vi) Winter construction–ABS plastic pipe.

A. Pipe bedding.

(aa) When below freezing temperatures, use pearock or sand or other aggregate bedding material with particle size limited to three-quarters inch.

(bb) Place and tamp aggregate bedding material around the pipe at centerline by bucket or clam shell spreading from immediately above the pipe or other approved method.

(cc) Do not bucket or clam shell spread or end dump from the top of trench until the initial backfill of 12 inches minimum over the top of pipe at centerline has been compacted.

B. Pipe jointing.

(aa) Allow primer sufficient time to soften the interference fit in the bell and on the spigot.

(bb) Scrub the primer in on the bell.

(cc) Apply solvent cement normally and join the pipe sections.

(dd) Take care not to disturb the joint after assembly.

(ee) Block pipe when a trench shield is advanced.

(vii) Cast iron soil pipe used. Install rubber gaskets in accordance with manufacturer’s recommendations.

j. Cutting pipe.

1. Cut pipe square with axis, using cutting and machining tools recommended by the pipe manufacturer.

2. When asbestos-cement pipe is used, bevel field cuts in accordance with pipe manufacturer’s recommendations.

3. When plastic pipe is used, cut pipe using a fine-tooth band saw and a miter box or a fine-tooth power saw with a suitable guide. Remove all burrs on inside and outside of pipe with a knife, file or abrasive paper. Bevel field cut ends of PVC plastic sewer pipe in accordance with pipe manufacturer’s recommendations.

k. Placing remaining pipe bedding–Standard bedding.

1. During pipe laying, ensure completed joints are restrained by placing and compacting sufficient aggregate bedding material under the pipe haunches and alongside and over installed pipe to hold the pipe in proper position during subsequent pipe jointing, bedding and backfilling operations.

2. Upon completion of pipe laying, complete placing of pipe bedding.

3. Place aggregate bedding material on each side of pipe and extend to 12 inches minimum above top of pipe at centerline, and compact to at least 75 percent of maximum density as determined by relative density test (ASTM D2049).

(i) When pearock or angular stone is used for initial bedding, place pearock or angular stone on each side of pipe up to springline of pipe or top of pipe, as suitable for pipe size and installation conditions. Aggregate bedding material from termination of pearock or angular stone to 12 inches minimum above top of pipe at centerline may be sand in lieu of pearock or angular stone.

(ii) Where plastic pipe is used, hand place aggregate bedding material in uniform layers of six inches thickness or less. Take care during compaction of bedding material to avoid distorting the shape of the pipe or damaging its exterior wall.

l. Same–Concrete cradle. Place aggregate bedding material on each side of pipe and extend to 12 inches minimum above the top of pipe at centerline and compact to at least 75 percent of maximum density as determined by ASTM D2049.

(4) Testing house lead.

a. Person approved by township. The house lead shall be tested by a person approved by the township to perform testing of house lead.

b. Test plugs. Two test plugs shall be inserted in the six-inch test wye connected to the house lead (Refer to figure No. 6). A test plug shall be inserted through the test wye and into the house lead a minimum of six inches, from the house lead to test wye joint, to isolate the existing house lead from the new portion of the building sanitary sewer. The first test plug shall have an extension air line hose for inflation which is connected to the second test plug with a suitable connection that will allow inflation and deflation of the first test plug while test plug number two is in position. The second test plug shall be placed in the branch of the test wye with the one foot long sewer pipe, and shall have a suitable air connection for inflation and deflation. Both test plugs shall be inserted and inflated to hold against the required test pressure.

c. Low pressure air exfiltration test.

1. Prior to the test, a test plug shall be inserted into the cleanout portion of the building sanitary drain or, if the building sanitary sewer will not be installed, then place a test plug at the end of the house lead. This test plug shall be manufactured with an orifice through which air can be introduced into the sewer line.

2. Provide and connect an air supply line to the plug with an orifice. Fit the air supply line with suitable control valves and a pressure gauge for continually measuring the air pressure in the sewer line. Provide a pressure gauge having a minimum diameter of two inches and range of zero to ten pounds per-square-inch gauge (psig), with minimum divisions of 0.50 psig.

3. Pressurize sewer line to five psig. Allow two minutes for the air pressure to stabilize and if necessary add additional air pressure to maintain five psig.

4. After stabilization period, close air supply control valve so that no more air can enter the sewer line.

5. The five psig shall be held without introduction of additional air and without any air loss for a period of 15 minutes.

6. If air pressure drops within the test period, the leak shall be located, repaired and the test performed again.

(5) Backfilling.

a. Generally.

1. Backfill trench excavations from top of initial backfill 12 inches above top of pipe to finish grade.

2. Backfilling shall follow no further than 100 feet behind pipe laying.

b. Preparation prior to backfilling. Backfill excavations promptly as work permits, but not until the following:

1. Approval by township of construction below finish grade.

2. Inspection, testing, approval and recording location of building sewers.

3. Removal of shoring and bracing.

4. Removal of trash and debris.

c. Placing backfill materials.

1. Schedule backfilling operations to expedite construction progress and to maintain positive site drainage.

2. Place backfill material in uniform layers of thickness commensurate with the soil material and compaction equipment used.

d. Compaction.

1. Compact soil material to the required percentage maximum density as determined by relative density test (ASTM D2049) for cohesionless free-draining soils, such as sand and aggregate bedding materials, and as determined by standard proctor test (ASTM D698) or modified proctor test (ASTM D1557), as specified, for soil materials having a well-defined moisture-density relationship curve.

2. Compact soil materials by compacting equipment suitable for the soil material to be compacted and the location of the work and capable of obtaining the required percentage maximum density throughout the entire layer of soil material.

3. Prior to compacting soil material having a well-defined moisture-density relationship, increase or reduce the moisture content of the soil material as determined by the applicable proctor test within limits of plus or minus three percentage points. Add moisture by equipment capable of adding measured amounts of water to the soil material. Reduce moisture by harrowing or discing and letting dry.

4. Do not flood soil material in place, unless authorized by the township.

5. Suspend compaction operations when weather conditions or other unsatisfactory conditions make it impossible to obtain satisfactory results.

e. Backfilling under paving and walks.

1. Backfill excavations with class A trench backfill, or sand, or class 2 granular material; place in nine-inch maximum layers; compact to relative density test 80 percent maximum density or standard proctor test 95 percent maximum density.

2. Backfilling under paving includes the area from paving edge to outside of shoulder in ditched roads, from three feet beyond back of curb or gutter section in curbed roads, and thence sloped away from road on a 45-degree angle.

f. Backfilling under grassed areas and under areas outside of paving and walks. Backfill excavations with class B trench backfill material; place in 18-inch maximum layers; compact to approximately same density as adjacent soil-in-place but not less than standard proctor test 70-percent maximum density.

g. Backfilling in freezing weather. No frozen material shall be buried more than four feet below the final elevation of the ground.

(Code 1987, § 6-04.OA)

36-148. Private building sanitary sewer space.

(a) Scope. This specification establishes the minimum requirements for building sanitary sewers in private property within the township.

Building sanitary drain means that part of the lowest piping of the wastewater drainage system of a building, which receives the sanitary sewage from soil pipes, waste pipes and other drainage pipes inside the perimeter walls of the building, and conveys it to the building sanitary sewer, which begins approximately five feet outside the building wall.

Building sanitary sewer means that part of the wastewater drainage system of a building which extends from the end of the building sanitary drain (approximately) five feet outside the building wall) and conveys its discharge to a public sanitary sewer.

House lead means that portion of the building sanitary sewer extending from the public sanitary sewer to the right-of-way or easement.

(1) Building sewer pipe and fittings.

a. Asbestos-cement sewer pipe and couplings. Shall conform to ASTM C644, class 2400, type I or type II. Jointing system rubber rings shall conform to ASTM D1869, oil-resistant type.

b. Vitrified clay pipe and fittings. Shall conform to ASTM C700, extra strength. Jointing system shall conform to ASTM C425.

c. PVC plastic sewer pipe and fittings. Shall conform to ASTM D3033 or D3034, SDR 35. Jointing system elastomeric gaskets shall conform to ASTM F447, lowhead application. Jointing system shall meet the requirements of ASTM D3212.

d. ABS plastic sewer pipe and fittings. Shall conform to ASTM D2751, SDR 23.5. Jointing system ABS solvent cement shall conform to ASTM D2235.

e. Cast iron soil pipe and fittings. Shall conform to ASTM A74, SV classification. Jointing system rubber gaskets shall conform to ASTM C564.

(2) Pipe adapters.

a. Insert-type adapter shall be made of material meeting the strength and chemical requirements of ASTM C425, and of configuration to suit bell end of size and kind of pipe in which it is to be inserted.

b. Banded coupling-type adapters shall consist of elastomeric or plastic sheet sleeve or boot secured to sewer pipe with two type 302/304 stainless steel compression bands. Sleeve or boot material shall meet the strength and chemical requirements of ASTM C425.

c. Refer to figure No. 1, Pipe adapters, section 36-149

(3) Pipe bedding materials; aggregate bedding.

a. Generally.

1. Free from lumps of fine grained soils, construction debris, topsoil organic matter, frozen material and other deleterious materials.

2. Capable of being compacted to the required percent maximum density by the compaction equipment and methods to be used.

b. Materials. One of the following:

1. Pearock. Uniformly graded crushed rock or crushed gravel with 100 percent passing three-quarters-inch sieve and 100 percent retained on quarter-inch sieve.

2. Sand. Natural sand having gradation of 95 to 100 percent passing No. 4 sieve and 90 to 100 percent retained on No. 100 sieve.

(4) Backfill materials; trench backfill. Excavated material meeting the following requirements:

a. Free from particles exceeding six inches in largest dimension, cinders, ashes, refuse, debris, vegetable or organic matter, and other deleterious materials;

b. Capable of being placed and compacted to the required percentage maximum density by the earth moving equipment to be used.

(d) Execution.

(1) Excavation.

a. Job conditions.

1. No excavation with power operated excavation equipment may begin until all requirements of Public Act No. 53 of 1974 (MCL 460.701 et seq.) as amended of the laws of the state, have been complied with.

2. Notices.

(i) A written notice of intent to excavate shall be given 48 hours prior to excavation to all utilities within the construction area including the following information: city or township and county of work location; exact work location, street and number, lot number, cross street, subdivision section number; extent of work, direction, limits and measurements, special instructions; type and purpose of excavation; your name, company name; and your telephone number and best time to call.

(ii) If a utility is part of "Miss Dig Association," notice of the above information may be given 48 hours in advance of construction by telephone to number 800-482-7171.

(iii) It shall be the responsibility of the excavator to determine which utilities are part of the "Miss Dig Association" and which will need written notice.

3. Conduct excavation operations so that adequate drainage is afforded. Convey water to existing catchbasins or other disposal area approved by the township. Remove all water regardless of source interfering with performance of excavation for building sanitary sewer when excavation is open. Provide all pumps, hose, power and other necessary equipment and attendance on 24-hour basis.

5. Obtain county road or state highway commission permit if any of the following conditions exist:

(i) Any excavation is performed within the road right-of-way.

(ii) Any excavation material is stockpiled in road right-of-way.

(iii) Any equipment is working or stored in the road right-of-way.

b. Excavation generally.

1. Excavation shall include removal, hauling and disposal of all classes of materials and obstructions encountered in excavating for building sewers.

2. The building sanitary sewer shall be subject to the following provisions:

(i) A minimum distance of 36 inches, from the building sanitary sewer to the side property line, will be required for a minimum depth of 36 inches below finish ground surface. The building sanitary sewer shall not be placed any closer to the side property line than its depth below finish ground surface except as noted in subsection (d)(1)b.2(ii) of this section. Always maintain a one on one slope (horizontal distance to vertical depth) from the side property line unless special shoring, bracing or sheeting is used.

(ii) Under special circumstances, adjoining property owners may by mutual agreement determine that it is beneficial to construct the building sanitary sewer closer than 36 inches or one on one slope distance as stated in subsection (d)(1)b.2(i) of this section. The joint trench method will allow the building sanitary sewers to be placed a minimum of 36 inches apart in the same trench. Therefore each building sanitary sewer shall be a minimum of 18 inches from the property line. The property line must be established beyond any reasonable doubt by the location of the existing property irons or by resetting the irons by a registered land surveyor.

(iii) The building sanitary sewer shall not be placed within 36 inches of a building wall at minimum depth or closer than a one on one slope whichever is greater, so that the building wall will not be damaged by the excavations, backfilling and excavating equipment.

(iv) The minimum amount of earth cover that should be required under a driveway or other access road is 48 inches for the building sanitary sewer. Maximum density of the bedding and backfill material is required under a driveway or access road to prevent pipe crushing. Pearock is suggested for bedding to one foot above the pipe and six-inch well compacted layers of trench backfill up to the improved surface is recommended.

(v) The building sanitary sewer and building sanitary drain shall have a ten feet horizontal separation from any water supply line under pressure and should have more than ten feet separation from a private well. Note: Where the building sanitary sewer must cross the water supply line, the bottom of the water service within ten feet of the point of crossing shall be at least 12 inches above the top of the building sanitary sewer.

(vi) The building sanitary sewer that parallels a utility line shall have a minimum distance from the utility equal to its depth (one on one slope area of influence) unless special precautions are taken to support the utility.

c. Trench excavation.

1. Begin trench excavation at house lead location at right-of-way or property line and proceed toward the building sanitary drain at building.

2. Excavate trench so that the pipe can be laid to the required alignment.

3. Excavate trench bottoms below the pipe invert a sufficient distance to provide space for the pipe bedding.

4. Remove ledge rock, particles over two inches in least dimension, and other obstructions to provide clearance of six inches at bottom and sides of pipe.

5. Refer to figure No. 2, Pipe bedding, section 36-149, for typical trench detail.

d. Shoring and bracing.

1. Provide and maintain shoring, bracing, sheet piling and other temporary work as may be necessary for the safety and protection of the work, public and adjacent property.

e. Storage of excavated material.

1. Stockpile excavated material suitable for backfill in an orderly manner a sufficient distance from the banks of excavations to avoid overloading and to prevent slides or cave-ins.

2. Pile such excavated material on side of excavations to permit ready access to and use of existing fire hydrants, shut-off valves and other utility services, and so as not to obstruct surface drainage of adjacent areas.

(2) Building sewer piping installation.

a. House lead to building sanitary drain portion of building sanitary sewer.

1. Minimum size of pipe shall be four inches.

2. Install sewer pipe from the connection at the house lead on a uniform continuous slope to the building sanitary drain as specified below.

(i) The minimum grade on a four-inch diameter sewer shall be 1.04 percent or one-eighth-inch per foot. The average grade for a four-inch diameter sewer shall be 2.08 percent or one-quarter-inch per foot.

(ii) The minimum grade on a six-inch diameter sewer shall be 0.78 percent or 3/32-inch per foot. The average grade for six-inch diameter sewer shall be 1.56 percent or 3/16-inch per foot.

3. Make all changes in direction in the building sanitary sewer with 45-degree (one-eighth) bends, 22½-degree (1/16) bends or long sweep 90-degree (one-quarter) bends.

4. Provide 45- or 60-degree wyes, of same size and kind as the sewer pipe, in this portion of the building sanitary sewer for cleanouts. Cleanouts shall extend from sewer pipe to a maximum of six inches below finished surfaces of lawn areas and flush or aboveground surface in areas other than lawn areas. A cleanout wye shall be placed upstream from all 90-degree (one-quarter) bends, 45-degree (one-eighth) bends, and where more than one 22½-degree (1/16) bend has been installed in any 20-foot length of sewer pipe. Cleanouts shall be provided spaced a maximum of 80 feet on centers for four-inch or six-inch building sewers. The cap on the cleanout shall be watertight, but pipe joint solvent shall not be used to accomplish this; lubricant shall be used such that the pipe cap may be removed when necessary (Amended December 3, 1979, on recommendation of Johnson Anderson, Inc., consulting engineers).

b. Preparation.

1. Carefully inspect pipe, fittings and gaskets for defects before installation.

2. Clean pipes and fittings of accumulated debris and water before installation.

c. Placing initial pipe bedding.

1. Place aggregate bedding material on trench bottom with four-inch minimum thickness below the pipe at the centerline.

2. Shape pipe-bed true to grade and to provide continuous uniform bearing surface for pipe exterior.

3. Do not use blocks in bedding pipe.

4. Shape transverse depressions as required to receive pipe bells.

5. Compact full width of bed by tamping.

6. In saturated soil conditions or any time that trench bottom is unstable, pearock only shall be used.

d. Handling pipe.

1. Handle pipe with equipment recommended by the pipe manufacturer.

2. Take care during handling of pipe to protect it against impact shocks and freefall.

e. Pipe laying.

1. Follow immediately behind excavation.

2. Lay pipe on prepared bed, true to line and grade, with pipe invert smooth and free of sags or high points.

3. Ensure barrel of each pipe is in contact with shaped bed throughout its entire length.

4. Commence laying at outlet and proceed in upstream direction with bell or socket ends of pipe facing upstream.

5. Position and join pipes with approved equipment. Do not use excavating equipment to force pipe sections together.

6. Whenever work is suspended, install a removable watertight bulkhead at open end of last pipe laid to prevent entry of foreign materials.

f. Pipe jointing–Sewer pipe to house lead.

1. A six-inch test wye shall be installed to the house lead to allow placing of two test ball plugs (pneumatic type) for pressure testing. Refer to figure No. 3, House lead test wye, section 36-149. If test wye is of same material and manufacture as the house lead, join test wye to house lead as specified under subsection (d)(2)g of this section for the kind of pipe. If spigot end of test wye is not compatible with the house lead bell, remove the bell by cutting as specified in subsection (d)(2)i of this section. After bell is removed or if no house lead bell exists, connect test wye to house lead with a banded coupling type adapter. Insert a one-foot sewer pipe compatible with the test wye into the branch of the wye for testing if needed.

2. Make connection of four-inch sewer pipe to six-inch test wye pipe by inserting spigot end of four-inch sewer pipe, having insertion-type pipe adapter located one inch from spigot end, into the six-inch test wye pipe.

g. Same–Building sanitary sewers.

1. Align pipes carefully before joining.

2. Maintain pipe joints free from mud, silt or other foreign material.

3. Complete each joint before laying next length of pipe.

4. Minimize joint deflection after joint has been laid to avoid joint damage.

5. Asbestos-cement pipe used.

(i) Wipe clean machined ends of pipe, coupling grooves and rubber rings immediately before joining.

(ii) Insert rubber rings, lubricate pipe ends and assemble pipe and coupling in accordance with pipe manufacturer’s installation recommendations.

(iii) After field assembly, verify that the rubber rings are in the required position by use of a suitable gauge, as designed by the pipe manufacturer.

(iv) Do not deflect pipe either vertically or horizontally more than the limits recommended by the pipe manufacturer.

6. Vitrified clay pipe used.

(i) Thoroughly clean joint contact surfaces immediately prior to joining.

(ii) Use lubricant, primer or adhesive recommended by the joint manufacturer.

(iii) Join pipe by ramming pipe home in accordance with pipe manufacturer’s installation recommendations.

7. PVC plastic pipe used.

(i) Prepare pipe bell and spigot and install elastomeric gaskets in accordance with pipe manufacturer’s installation recommendations.

(ii) Support pipes with hand slings or other approved method as required to minimize lateral pressure on gasket and maintain concentricity until gasket is properly positioned.

(iv) Apply sufficient pressure in making joints to ensure that joint is complete as defined in pipe manufacturer’s installation recommendations.

8. ABS plastic pipe used.

(ii) Surfaces to be joined shall be clean and free from moisture before application of solvent cement. Clean joint contract surfaces with a clean, dry rag or a liquid cleaner recommended by the pipe manufacturer.

(iii) Handle ABS solvent cement in accordance with requirements of ASTM F402. Do not use solvent cement that shows signs of gelation after prolonged use.

(vi) Winter construction; ABS plastic pipe.

A. Pipe bedding.

(aa) When below freezing temperatures, use pearock or sand or other aggregate bedding material with particle size limited to three-quarters-inch.

(bb) Place and tamp aggregate bedding material around the pipe at centerline by bucket or clam shell spreading from immediately above the pipe or other approved method.

(cc) Do not bucket or clam shell spread or end dump from the top of trench until the initial backfill of 12 inches minimum over the top of pipe at centerline has been compacted.

B. Pipe jointing.

(aa) Allow primer sufficient time to soften the interference fit in the bell and on the spigot.

(bb) Scrub the primer in on the bell.

(cc) Apply solvent cement normally and join the pipe sections.

(dd) Take care not to disturb the joint after assembly.

(ee) Block pipe when a trench shield is advanced.

9. Cast iron soil pipe used. Install rubber gaskets in accordance with manufacturer’s recommendations.

h. Same–Building sewer to drain. Join building sewer pipe to building drain by either insert-type or banded coupling-type adapters. Select size and type of adapters in accordance with manufacturer’s recommendations for pipe size, kinds or pipe, and type of pipe ends.

i. Cutting pipe.

1. Cut pipe square with axis, using cutting and machining tools recommended by the pipe manufacturers.

2. When asbestos-cement pipe is used, bevel field cuts in accordance with pipe manufacturer’s recommendations.

j. Placing remainder of pipe bedding.

2. Upon completion of pipe laying, complete placing of pipe bedding.

3. Place aggregate bedding material on each side of pipe and extend to 12 inches minimum above top of pipe at centerline, and compact by tamping. Tamping may be accomplished by shovel slicing, the use of a T-bar, or other approved method.

(i) When pearock is used for initial bedding, place pearock on each side of pipe up to top of pipe. Aggregate bedding material from termination of pearock to 12 inches minimum above top of pipe at centerline may be sand in lieu of pearock.

(3) Testing building sanitary sewer.

a. Person approved by township. The building sanitary sewer shall be tested by a person approved by the township to perform testing of building sanitary sewer.

b. Test plugs. Prior to testing, two test plugs shall be inserted in the six-inch test wye connected to the house lead. Refer to figure No. 10, House lead test wye, section 36-149. A test plug shall be inserted through the test wye and into the house lead a minimum of six inches, from the house lead to test wye joint, to isolate the existing house lead from the new portion of the building sanitary sewer. The first test plug shall have an extension air line hose for inflation which is connected to the second test plug with a suitable connection that will allow inflation and deflation of the first test plug while test plug number two is in position. The second test plug shall be placed in the branch of the test wye with the one-foot-long sewer pipe, and shall have a suitable air connection for inflation and deflation. Both test plugs shall be inserted and inflated to hold against the required test pressure.

c. Water exfiltration test.

1. Prior to the test, all openings must be closed so that the closest vent pipe may be used as a stand pipe or a stand pipe may be placed on the cleanout of the building sanitary drain inside the basement.

2. The building sanitary sewer and stand pipe shall then be filled with water until a head of not less than ten feet is maintained in the stand pipe. After a stabilization period, no more water is added to the stand pipe. The water level at the top of the test head in the stand pipe shall not drop for at least 15 minutes.

3. If the test head water elevation drops sooner than the 15 minutes test time, the leak shall be located, repaired and the test performed again.

d. Low pressure air exfiltration test.

1. Prior to the test, a test plug shall be inserted into the cleanout portion of the building sanitary drain inside the basement wall as shown in figure No. 11, Cleanout, section 36-149, and inflated. This test plug shall be manufactured with an orifice through which air can be introduced into sewer line.

3. Pressurize sewer line to five psig. Allow two minutes for the air pressure to stabilize and if necessary add additional air pressure to maintain five psig.

4. After stabilization period, close air supply control valve so that no more air can enter the sewer line.

5. The five psig shall be held without introduction of additional air and without any air loss for a period of 15 minutes.

6. If air pressure drops within the test period, the leak shall be located, repaired and the test performed again.

(4) Backfilling.

a. Generally. Backfill trench excavations from top of initial backfill 12 inches above top of pipe to finish grade.

b. Preparation prior to backfilling. Backfill excavations promptly as work permits, but not until the following:

1. Approval by township of construction below finish grade.

2. Inspection, testing, approval and recording location of building sewers.

3. Removal of shoring and bracing.

4. Removal of trash and debris.

c. Placing backfill materials.

1. Schedule backfilling operations to expedite construction progress and to maintain positive site drainage.

2. Place backfill material in uniform layers of thickness commensurate with the soil material and compaction equipment used.

d. Backfilling. Backfill excavations with trench backfill material; place in 18-inch maximum layers; compact to approximately same density as adjacent soil-in-place.

(Code 1987, § 6-04.OB)

36-149. Figures; building sanitary sewer specifications.

Figure 1

PIPE BEDDING

Figure 2

WYE PIPE INSERTION WITH FLEXIBLE COUPLING (Not To Scale)

Figure 3

DIRECT TAP ON 15" AND LARGER MAIN LINES ONLY (Not To Scale)

Figure 4

CLAMP TYPE SADDLE TAP METHOD

Figure 5

CEMENTED-IN-PLACE SADDLE WYE TAP METHOD

Figure 6

HOUSE LEAD TEST WYE AT PUBLIC SANITARY SEWER

Figure 7

HOUSE LEAD DETAIL

Figure 8

PIPE ADAPTERS

Figure 9

PIPE BEDDING

Figure 10

HOUSE LEAD TEST WYE

Figure 11

CLEAN OUT

(Code 1987, § 6-04.OC)

36-150. Reference standards; private building sanitary sewer specifications.

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).

(1) ASTM A74-75, Standard Specification for Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings.

(2) ASTM C425-77, Standard Specification for Compression Joints for Vitrified Clay Pipe and Fittings.

(3) ASTM C564-70, Standard Specification for Rubber Gaskets for Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings.

(4) ASTM C644-77, Standard Specification for Asbestos-Cement Nonpressure Small-Diameter Sewer Pipe.

(5) ASTM C700-77, Standard Specification for Vitrified Clay Pipe, Extra Strength, Standard Strength, and Perforated.

(6) ASTM D1869-66, Standard Specification for Rubber Rings for Asbestos-Cement Pipe.

(7) ASTM D2235-76a, Standard Specification for Solvent-Cement for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Plastic Pipe and Fittings.

(8) ASTM D2751-75, Standard Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Sewer Pipe and Fittings.

(9) ASTM D3033-76b, Standard Specification for Type PSP Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Sewer Pipe and Fittings.

(10) ASTM D3034-77c, Standard Specification for Type PSM Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC).

(11) ASTM F402-74, Standard Specification for Joints for Drain and Sewer Plastic Pipes Using Flexible Elastomeric Seals.

(12) ASTM D3212-76, Standard Recommended Practice for Safe Handling of Solvent Cements Used for Joining Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings.

(13) ASTM F447-76, Standard Specification for Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for Joining Plastic Pipe.

(Code 1987, § 6-04.OD)

36-151. Acceptable manufacturers for building sanitary sewer materials; private building sanitary sewer specifications.

(a) Asbestos-cement sewer pipe and rubber ring joints.

(1) Certain-teed Products Inc., "Fluid-Tite."

(2) Flintkote Co., "Flintite" with "Weldtite" couplings.

(3) Johns-Manville "Transite" with "Ring-Tite" couplings.

(b) Vitrified clay pipe and compression joints.

(1) Can-Tex Industries, Clay Pipe Division "Delta-Seal."

(2) Clow Corp., Clay Products Division "No-Bel."

(3) Larson Pipe Co., "Loxon."

(4) The Logan Clay Products Co., "O-Ring."

(5) Superior Clay Corp., "O-Ring" and "Wedgelock."

(6) U.S. Concrete Pipe Co., "Uniloc and Tylox."

(1) Can-Tex Industries, Plastic Pipe Division, "Big-Mac."

(2) Carlon "Vylon Z."

(3) Certain-teed Products, Inc. "Fluid-Tite PVC."

(4) Clow Corp, Plastic Division, "Deflect-Tite."

(5) Freedom Plastics, Inc. "Flex-Seal."

(6) Johns Manville "Ring-Tite PVC."

(d) ABS plastic sewer pipe.

(1) Armco Steel Products Corp., Metal Products Division, "Solid Wall Pipe."

(e) Cast iron soil pipe and rubber gaskets.

(1) The Central Foundry Co., "Multi-Tite."

(2) Mead Pipe, "Dual-Tite"

(3) Typer Pipe Industries, Inc. "Ty-Seal."

(4) U.S. Pipe & Foundry Co., "Veri Tite."

(f) Banded coupling-type adapters.

(1) Can-Tex Industries, "C-T Adapters–Banded Type."

(2) Clow Corp., Clay Products Division, "Band-Seal Sewer Repair Couplings."

(3) Fernco Joint Sealer Co., "Flexible Couplings."

(4) The Logan Clay Products Co., "Repair Couplings."

(g) Insert-type adapters.

(1) Can-Tex Industries "C-T Adapters–Insert Type."

(2) Fernco Joint Sealer Co., "Donuts."

(3) Hamilton-Kent Manufacturing Co., "Tylox Gear-Grip O-Dapter."

(4) The Logan Clay Products Co., "Adapters."

(Code 1987, § 6-04.OE)

36-152—36-170. Reserved.

DIVISION 4. SEWAGE DISPOSAL SERVICE RATES AND FEES

36-171. Definitions.

Unless the context of this division specifically indicates otherwise, the definitions set out in division 3 of this article are incorporated by reference herein.

(Code 1987, § 6-05.02)

36-172. Sewer use charges.

(a) Single-family residential use. Sewer use charges to each single-family residential premises served by the system shall be in the flat amount of $50.00 per quarter.

(b) Other than single-family residential use. Each premises other than a single-family residence shall pay a quarterly charge of $50.00 multiplied by a factor representing a ratio of sewage use by such class of premises to normal single-family residential sewage use.

(1) Minimum quarterly charge. The township board shall adopt and revise from time to time a schedule of such single-family residence equivalents or ratios; provided, however, that the minimum quarterly charge to any premises shall be $50.00.

(2) Current schedule by class of premises. The current schedule of ratio of sewage use by class of premises, hereinafter called sewer use factor units (SUFU), is annexed hereto as section 36-177 and incorporated by reference.

(c) Metered industrial waste use. All facilities that discharge industrial wastes shall pay rates for sewer usage based upon their metered consumption of public water.

(Code 1987, § 6-05.03)

36-173. Capital charge.

(a) Generally. All premises connecting to the sewer system shall pay a capital charge in an amount established by resolution of the township board from time to time.

(b) Conditions for sole payment of charge. The foregoing capital charge shall be the only debt service charge that is payable by a user that has either installed the sewer line in front of the property at their own expense, or has paid a special assessment to defray a part or all the cost of installing the lateral line abutting the premises.

(1) New construction. All new construction must pay the capital charge in cash.

(2) Existing structures. Existing structures shall have the option of making the payment in cash or in equal payments over a period of ten years in quarterly installments each year. Such payments shall include interest at the rate of 6.3 percent per year on the unpaid balance. The first installment shall be paid at the time of connection and subsequent installments are due March 1 of each succeeding year.

(Code 1987, § 6-05.04.01; Ord. No. 164, 1-21-1991; Ord. No. 165, § 1, 7-1-1991)

36-174. Lateral benefit charge.

All other users shall, in addition to the capital charge, pay a lateral benefit charge which shall be $20.00 per foot, but not less than a total of $1,600.00.

(1) Front foot measurement. The front foot measurement shall be computed along the line of the property which adjoins the easement or right-of-way in which the sewer line is either located or to be installed.

(2) Maximum charge. The maximum charge to any single-family dwelling under this section shall not exceed the determined cost per front foot times 120 feet.

a. Special rates. For miscellaneous or special services, a special rate shall be established by resolution of the township board of trustees.

b. Free service prohibited. No free services shall be provided to anyone for any purpose under any circumstances.

c. Inspection charges. The following charges for inspections required under this division and division 3 of this article shall be imposed at the time of application for such inspections:

1. Sewer preinspection: $15.00.

2. Sewer connection inspection: $25.00.

(Code 1987, § 6-05.04.02; Ord. No. 164, 1-21-1991; Ord. No. 165, § 1, 7-1-1991)

36-175. Billing and enforcement procedures.

(a) Quarterly billing. Bills will be rendered quarterly at such convenient time as may be directed by the township board.

(b) Nonpayment penalty. Bills not paid within 20 days of the date thereon shall be subject to a penalty of $3.00 or ten percent of the full amount thereof, whichever is the greater.

(c) Collection as lien. The charges for services under this division are, pursuant to section 21, Public Act No. 94 of 1933 (MCL 141.121), hereby made a lien on all premises served thereby and, unless notice is given that a tenant is responsible, are hereby recognized to constitute such lien.

(1) Annual certification. Whenever any such charge against any piece of property shall be delinquent for six months, the township official in charge of the collection thereof shall certify to the tax assessing officer of the township, on September 1 of each year, the facts of such delinquency.

(2) Action by tax assessor. Such charge shall be by him entered upon the next tax roll as a charge against such premises and shall be collected, and the lien thereof enforced, in the same manner as general township taxes against such premises are collected and the lien thereof enforced.

(d) Tenant liability. Where notice is given that a tenant is responsible for such charges and service as provided by said section 21, no further service shall be rendered to such premises until a cash deposit in the amount of $60.00, or an amount determined by the township board, shall have been made as security for payment of such charges and service.

(e) Delinquent charges. In addition to the foregoing, the township shall have the right to shut off sewer service to any premises for which charges for sewer service are more than three months delinquent, and such service shall not be reestablished until all delinquent charges and penalties and a turn on charge, to be specified by the township board, have been paid.

(f) Other remedies. Such charges and penalties may be recovered by the township by court action in addition to any other remedy provided herein.

(Code 1987, § 6-05.05)

36-176. Establishing rates.

(a) Basis. The rates hereby established are calculated to be sufficient to provide:

(1) For the payment of the expenses of administration and operation;

(2) Expenses for maintenance of said system as are necessary to preserve the same in good repair and working order;

(3) For the payment of bonds issued by the township to pay for the acquisition of the system; and

(4) For such other expenditures and funds for said system as this division may require.

(b) Rate revisions authorized.

(1) First year of operation. Such rates shall be established and reviewed at the end of the first full year of operation to determine proportionately and to ensure financial integrity.

(2) Biennially. After the first year of operation the rates shall be reviewed and audited biennially.

(1) It is necessary to maintain the time schedule for increases in those areas where the system is, and has been, available.

(Code 1987, § 6-05.06)

36-177. Sewer use factor units (SUFU).

(a) Table of sanitary use factors. For the purpose of determining the equitable amount of the connection fee which should be collected under the terms of this division for all occupational land uses, the following sanitary use factor assignments shall be based on the single-family dwelling as one unit and all other occupational uses are based on multiples or fractions of such unit as follows:


Occupational use	SUFU	Multiple factor
Abattoir or other similar use, including slaughterhouse	6.1	Per 1,000 gal. per day peak use or any part thereof, cumulative to maximum daily peak use.
Auto dealers	1.0	Per premises plus
	0.3	Per 1,000 sq. ft.
Auto wash (coin operated do-it-yourself, 10 gal. or less per car)	2.5	Per stall
Auto wash (conventional)	12.5	Per production line
Bar	1.5	Per 1,000 sq. ft.
Barbershop	1.0	Per shop plus
	0.1	Per chair
Beauty shop	1.0	Per shop plus
	0.223	Per booth
Boardinghouses, rest homes and nursing homes	1.0	Per premises plus
	0.2	Per resident
Boat marina	1.0	Per premises plus
	0.025	Per boat well or stall
Bowling alleys (not including bar area)	1.0	Per premises plus
	0.2	Per alley
Churches	0.25	Per 1,000 sq. ft.
Cleaners (pick-up only)	1.0	Per shop
Cleaners (pressing facilities)	1.0	Per premises plus
	0.5	Per press
Clinics	1.0	Per premises plus
	0.5	Per exam room
Clubs and fraternal organizations:
Bar area	1.5	Per 1,000 sq. ft.
Dining area and kitchen	1.0	Per 1,000 sq. ft.
Sales/offices	0.3	Per 1,000 sq. ft.
Storage and nonactive areas	0.1	Per 1,000 sq. ft.
Convalescent homes	1.0	Per premises plus
	0.2	Per bedroom or patient, whichever is greater
Convents	1.0	Per premises
Cottages	1.0	Per unit
Department stores	1.0	Per each 15 employees or fraction thereof
Factories (office and production)	1.0	Per 1,000 sq. ft.
Garage, private	1.0	Per premises plus
	0.3	Per 1,000 sq. ft.
Garage, public	1.0	Per premises plus
	0.3	Per 1,000 sq. ft.
Greenhouses	1.0	Per premises plus
	0.1	Per 1,000 sq. ft.
Grocery stores and supermarkets	1.1	Per 1,000 sq. ft.
Hospitals	1.1	Per bed
Hotels, motels and auto courts (without kitchen facilities in rooms)	1.0	Per premises plus
	0.3	Per bedroom
Laundry (self-serve)	1.0	Per premises plus
	0.5	Per washer
Mobile home parks	1.0	Per unit (pad)
Motel and auto courts (with kitchen facilities in units)	1.0	Per unit
Multiple-family dwelling	1.0	Per unit
Office building (banks, etc.)	1.0	Per premises plus
	0.5	Per 1,000 sq. ft.
Pet store	1.1	Per 1,000 sq. ft.
Public institutions	0.5	Per 1,000 sq. ft.
Rectory	1.0	Per house
Restaurants:
Dinners only	1.0	Per 1,000 sq. ft.
Bar area	1.5	Per 1,000 sq. ft.
Restaurants - fast food type	5.6	Per premises
Schools (without showers)	1.0	Per classroom or teaching station
Schools (with showers)	1.5	Per classroom or teaching station
Service stations	1.0	Per premises plus
	0.1	Per fuel pump
Single-family dwelling	1.0	Per residence
Snack bars, drive-in restaurants	1.8	Per premises
Store, other than listed	1.0	Per premises plus
	0.3	Per 1,000 sq. ft.
Swimming pool-public	3.0	Per 1,000 sq. ft.
Theaters (drive-in)	0.04	Per car space
Township offices and parks	1.0	Per premises
Warehouse and storage area (nonactive)	0.1	Per 1,000 sq. ft.

(b) Square footage computation. When the unit factor refers to 1,000 square feet, it shall mean the gross area measured from outside wall to outside wall, and the total unit assignment for any particular usage on a single premises shall be rounded off to the nearest tenth of a whole number.

(c) Periodic revision of table. The table of sanitary use factors contained herein will be revised periodically to maintain their equality to all property in the township.

(d) Periodic review of occupational use. The township will periodically review the occupational usage of the premises to determine that the actual use does not exceed the unit assignment previously determined and paid for. Any use in excess of the previous unit assignment paid for shall be computed at the current unit rate and added to the next quarterly sewer bill of the premises.

(e) Minimum charge. A minimum of one SUFU will be charged if the multiple factor results in less than one for each premises.

(Code 1987, § 6-05.0A)