CHAPTER 10 – Transmission & Distribution Infrastructure

Transmission and distribution projects help meet the Drinking Water Utility’s Goal 6:

The 2015-2020 the strategy for transmission and distribution projects is to develop and maintain storage and transmission/distribution infrastructure to ensure delivery of water at adequate pressure throughout the system and maintain required fire flow.

Other projects for improving the infrastructure are discussed in Chapter 8 (Source Infrastructure) and Chapter 9 (Storage Infrastructure). Water quality strategies are in Chapter 11, and operations and maintenance strategies are in Chapter 12.

This chapter describes the existing transmission and distribution systems, evaluates their ability to meet current and projected needs, and identifies projects to be constructed in 2015 - 2020. Washington State Department of Health (DOH) rules on storage facilities are in Chapter 173-160 WAC and Chapter 246-290 WAC, Part 3 (design of public water systems). Detailed specifications are in the DOH Design Manual.

10.1 Existing Transmission/Distribution System

Olympia maintains an extensive system of piping, booster pump stations, and related facilities to convey water at sufficient pressures and appropriate flows to customers in seven pressure zones. Chapter 1, Map 1.4 shows the locations of pressure zones and key transmission and distribution system facilities. Figure 1.1 is a hydraulic schematic of the system.

The following tables summarize major transmission and distribution system components. Table 10.1 is an inventory of distribution piping, by pressure zone, size and material. Table 10.2 is an inventory of equipment at each booster pump station, and Table 11.3 is an inventory of pressure reducing valve (PRV) stations. Table 10.4 lists emergency interties the City maintains with neighboring utilities.

Table 10.1 Transmission and Distribution Piping Inventory

Diameter (in)	Ductile Iron (ft)	PVC (ft)	Asbestos Cement (ft)	Concrete (ft)	Cast iron (ft)	Galvanized iron (ft)	Plastic (ft)	Steel (ft)	Poly (ft)	All Materials (ft)
<2	0	1,376	190	0	0	20,681	8,388	0	123,687	154,322
2	1,558	90,599	3,342	0	924	33,100	13,108	0	6,804	149,434
2.5	0	729	0	0	0	541	0	0	0	1,270
3	0	2,264	0	0	64	996	69	0	31	3,424
4	4,872	34,578	30,646	0	6,680	276	26	0	16	77,094
6	54,520	126,786	220,739	0	58,619	253	0	0	458	461,375
8	66,307	352,132	126,796	0	27,098	0	0	0	258	572,590
10	10,318	52,332	58,684	0	24,644	0	0	0	0	145,978
12	99,950	68,600	78,658	0	21,878	0	15	0	0	269,101
14	10	759	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	769
16	27,072	0	0	60	5,784	0	0	0	0	32,916
24	138	0	0	0	0	0	0	550	15	702
36	2,649	0	0	34,876	0	0	0	4,625	0	42,150
All Diameters	267,393	730,153	519,055	34,936	145,692	55,847	21,605	5,175	131,268	1,911,124

Note: The piping breakdown by size and material reflects piping in the City’s GIS system as of October 2014.

Table 10.2 Booster Pump Station Inventory

Booster Pump Location	Pump Type	Pump Model	Pump Size (hp)	Installed Capacity		Head (feet)	Install Date
				(gpm)	(Mgd)
Zone 417
South Sound Booster Pump Station	Centrifugal	PACO 16-50707-140101-190	50	1,000	1.44	139	2000
	Centrifugal	PACO Impellar Dia. 6.9	50	1,000	1.44	139	2000
	Centrifugal	PACO	50	1,000	1.44	139	2000
Total					3.38
Fones Road Booster Station	Centrifugal	PACO 16-50707-140101-190	50	1,000	1.44	139	1988
	Centrifugal	PACO Impeller Dia. 6.9	50	1,000	1.44	139	1988
	Centrifugal	PACO Motors: Magnetic Century	50	1,000	1.44	139	1988
Total					2.81
Shana Park Corrosion	Variable Speed	Johnston – 96J90009	125	1,000	1.44	270	1996
Zone 347
Eastside Booster Station	Centrifugal	PACO	50	1,000	1.44	135	1988
	Centrifugal	PACO	50	1,000	1.44	135	1988
	Centrifugal	PACO	50	1,000	1.44	135	1988
Total					2.88
Zone 380
West Bay Booster Station	Centrifugal	PACO	75	1,000	1.44	220	1997
	Centrifugal	PACO	75	1,000	1.44	220	1997
	Centrifugal	PACO	75	1,000	1.44	220	1997
Total					3.46
Zone 380
Elliott Pump Station	Centrifugal	PACO	20	600	0.86	100	1977
	Centrifugal	PACO	50	1,000	1.44	100	1986
Total					2.30
Goldcrest	Centrifugal	PACO	3	40	0.06	78	1994
	Centrifugal	PACO	5	90	0.13	78	1994
Total					0.19
Zone 298
Allison Corrosion Control	Variable Speed	Johnston – 96J5008	100	1,448	2.09	212	1996
Percival Pump Station	Centrifugal	Johnston – 96J5007 Peerless – 5AE14	50 60 60 60	700 1,000 1,000 1,000	1.01 1.44 1.44 1.44	212 155 155 155	1996 2009 2009 2009
Total					7.42

Table 10.3 Pressure Reducing Valve Inventory

Name	Type	Inlet Pressure	Discharge Pressure	Purpose
Corner of Boulevard Road & Yelm Highway.	Clayton	Variable	60 psi	Allows supply from Zone 417 into Zone 338 along Yelm Highway at reduced pressure.
Danbury Court	Clayton	Variable	55 psi	Allows supply from Zone 417 into Zone 338 at reduced pressure. It is on a 4-inch line and is of limited capacity.
Plymouth Street & Harrison Avenue	Clay-Val	Variable	Variable	Allows supply from Zone 380 into Zone 298 at reduced pressure. Under normal conditions, the smaller 2-inch line supplies flow; the larger 8-inch line opens only during high-demand times.
Bowman Avenue	Clay-Val	Variable	Variable	Allows supply from Zone 380 into Zone 298 at reduced pressure. Under normal conditions, the smaller 2-inch line supplies flow; the larger 6-inch line opens only during high-demand times.
Elliot Avenue	Clay-Val	Variable	Variable	Allows supply from Zone 380 into Zone 298 at reduced pressure. Under normal conditions, the smaller 2-inch line supplies flow; the larger 8-inch line opens only during high-demand times.
26th Avenue	Clay-Val	Variable	Variable	Allows supply from Zone 380 into Zone 298 at reduced pressure. Under normal conditions, the smaller 2-inch line supplies flow; the larger 8-inch line opens only during high-demand times.
Cooper Point Road	Clay-Val	Variable	Variable	Allows supply from Zone 380 to feed water at reduced pressure (approximately the same as Zone 298) to Evergreen State College and other developments north of 20th Avenue.
Cain Road & Wilson Street	Clay-Val	Variable	Variable	Allows supply from Zone 417 into Zone 338 at reduced pressure. Under normal conditions, the smaller 2-inch line supplies flow; the larger 6-inch line opens only during high-demand times.
59th Court	Clay-Val	Variable	Variable	Allows supply from Zone 417 into 59th Court at reduced pressure. Supply is through a 4-inch line. When maintenance is necessary, supply is through a 2-inch maintenance line.
60th Court	Clay-Val	Variable	Variable	Allows supply from Zone 417 into 60th Court at reduced pressure. Supply is through a 4-inch line. When maintenance is necessary, supply is through a 2-inch maintenance line.
Capitol Way	Cla-Val	Variable	Variable	Allows supply from Zone 338 into Zone 264. Under normal conditions, the smaller 2-inch line supplies flow; the larger 6-inch line opens only during high-demand times.
Raft Avenue	Cla-Val	Variable	Variable	Allows supply from Zone 298 into Zone 226. Under normal conditions, the smaller 2-inch line supplies flow; the larger 8-inch line opens only during high-demand times.

Table 10.4 Existing Emergency Interties

Location	Pipe Size and Type	Intertie Utility, Size and Type
Sleater-Kinney Road NE and 6th Avenue NE	10-inch, AC	Lacey, 10-inch, PVC
Sleater-Kinney Road SE (near McDonald’s)	12-inch, AC	Lacey, 12-inch, PVC
Sleater Kinney & Pacific Avenue	36-inch, CONC	Lacey, 6-inch, UNK
8002 Pacific Ave SE (Mt. Aire Booster)	10-inch, PVC	Lacey, 10-inch, PVC
Crosby Boulevard SW and Mottman Road	8-inch, AC	Tumwater, 8-inch, AC
Carlyon Avenue and Capitol Boulevard	10-inch, AC	Tumwater, 10-inch, CI
Seahawk & Pacific Avenue	36-inch, CONC	Thurston PUD, 12-inch PVC
AC = Asbestos Cement CI = Cast Iron DI = Ductile Iron CONC = Concrete UNK = Unknown

Transmission System

A 36-inch diameter welded steel transmission line conveys water from McAllister Wellfield to the Meridian Storage Tanks. The pipe from the Wellfield to the McAllister Springs was constructed in 2013 and extends about 4,000 feet north from the Wellfield within a 60-foot wide easement. The pipe crosses beneath the BNSF Railroad tracks in a 54-inch diameter steel casing, crosses under Old Pacific Highway within a 48-inch steel casing, and proceeds to the west where it connects to the existing steel pipe west of the Springs before terminating at the Meridian Storage Tanks. The pipeline from the Springs to the Meridian Storage Tanks was installed in 1949. The original pipe that was cut to make the connection with the new pipe from the Wellfield is in good condition. The coating on the inside and outside is in good shape. The cut steel looked almost new.

Water is then conveyed from the Meridian Storage Tanks into the City’s distribution system via a 36-inch reinforced-concrete pipeline extending 37,750 feet (7.2 miles) to its terminus at the Fir Street Storage Tanks. The majority of this transmission line consists of the original pipe installed in 1949. The capacity of this pipeline, when operating as a gravity line, is approximately 22.7 million gallons per day (Mgd).

There are numerous connections into the transmission line between the Meridian and Fir Street Storage Tanks. The largest connections are:

•    One 12-inch intertie able to provide water to Lacey from the 36-inch main located at Pacific Avenue and Mountainaire Road, west of Marvin Road through the Lacey pump station.

•    One intertie able to provide service to Thurston PUD No. 1 at the Tanglewilde and Thompson Place neighborhoods.

•    Two 12-inch connections that feed the Fones Road and South Sound booster pump stations, which feed Zones 417 and 338.

•    One 10-inch connection along Pacific Avenue that can serve the South Sound Shopping Center commercial complex in an emergency.

After passing into the Fir Street Storage Tanks, or through one of the connections listed above, water is then conveyed into the distribution system as described below.

Distribution System

Topography within the City’s service area varies in elevation from near sea level in the downtown area to 275 feet on the east side and 310 feet on the west side. As a result, seven major pressure zones have been developed to maintain adequate pressures throughout the service area. Below is a description of each pressure zone, including pumping, piping and storage; for locations, see Map 1.4 in Chapter 1.

Zones 417 and 338

These pressure zones serve the eastern and southeastern portions of the City, covering a large area ranging from the Yelm Highway area on the south to 26th Avenue Northeast on the north. They are bordered on the east by the City limits and on the west by Zones 347, 264 and 226, all of which are at lower elevations.

Zone 417 is served by the Hoffman Storage Tank and Zone 338 is served by the Boulevard Road Storage Tank. Ground elevations in Zone 417 vary from 150 to 277 feet above sea level, and in Zone 338 from 160 to 243 feet.

Supply to Zone 417 is through a 12-inch connection to the 36-inch transmission line at Pacific Avenue and Fones Road, and a 12-inch connection to the 36-inch main at Pacific Avenue and Weir Street. The Fones Road and South Sound Booster Pump Stations boost water into Zone 417 at these locations, respectively.

PRV stations at the intersection of Cain Road and Wilson Street, and at Danbury Court allow water to move from Zone 417 to Zone 338.

Zone 347

Zone 347 supplies water to the northeastern section of the City, most of which lies north of Interstate-5. The zone is bounded on the northwest by Budd Inlet, on the southwest by approximately Central Street, on the east by Boulevard Road and South Bay Road, and on the north by the service area boundary.

Water supplied to Zone 347 is normally pumped from Fir Street Storage Tank 1 (Zone 226) through the Eastside Booster Pump Station into the Eastside Storage Tank. In an emergency, water can also be supplied from the 36-inch transmission main immediately prior to entering the Fir Street Storage Tanks. Gravity flow from the Eastside Storage Tank serves the zone with maximum pressures within the system established by the overflow elevation of 347 feet. The ground surface in Zone 347 ranges from 110 to 204 feet in elevation.

Zone 264

Zone 264 covers the South Capitol area of the City. Capitol Lake is the western border, with the south and east boundary formed by Interstate-5. This area lies just south of Olympia’s central business zone, with the State’s Capitol Campus on the north end, extending southward into residential areas.

The distribution system serving Zone 264 is composed of two distinct sectors, presently interconnected by a single 10-inch diameter pipe and a PRV from the 338 Zone at Capitol Way at the I-5 Bridge. The smaller sector lies south and east of Interstate-5 and serves a low-density residential area adjacent to Watershed Park and the Olympia Public Works Department Maintenance Center. The larger sector is north of Interstate-5 and supplies water to the Capitol Campus area. The ground surface in Zone 264 ranges from 16 to 165 feet in elevation.

The water supply to Zone 264 is withdrawn from the 36-inch transmission main at the point where it enters the Fir Street Storage Tanks (Zone 226). Water flows by gravity through a 16-inch line, reduced to a 10-inch line to enter the smaller sector of the distribution network.

The Stevens Field Storage Tank (Zone 264) is filled directly from the distribution system. The hydraulic grade of the water entering Zone 264 at the Fir Street valve chamber is determined by the grade in the 36-inch transmission line. It is typically 280 to 290 feet at current rates of demand. Consequently, the Stevens Field Storage Tank water is used primarily during high demands, when localized distribution system pressures drop below the 264-foot overflow level.

Zone 226

The downtown central business area encompassed by Zone 226 has the lowest elevations within the entire system. This area is heavily commercial, with many businesses located near sea level along Budd Inlet and near the Port of Olympia. Numerous government and retail buildings are in this zone, as well as residential customers to the east and northeast. The elevation of the ground surface in Zone 226 varies from zero to 150 feet above sea level.

Water is delivered to this zone by gravity from the underground Fir Street Storage Tanks. The site also houses a storage tank and booster pumps for Zone 347, as well as the diversion valves for Zone 264.

Overflow elevations of 226 feet for both storage tanks control maximum static pressure for this zone. Discharges from the storage tanks flow through 16-inch and 12-inch mains on 8th Street into the distribution network. There are several closed connections between Zone 226 and the adjacent pressure zones. In every case, emergency use of these interties would allow only one-way flow of water into Zone 226.

Zones 298 and 380

Almost all of the City’s service area west of Capitol Lake is within Zones 298 and 380. One exception is the portion of Zone 226 that rims the west side of Budd Inlet. There are residential and commercial customers in the two zones, with commercial water users concentrated along Harrison Avenue and between Harrison Avenue, Black Lake Boulevard and Cooper Point Road. The static hydraulic grade for Zone 298 is based on the 298-foot overflow elevation of the Bush and Elliott Storage Tanks. The Evergreen State College is the only west-side contract customer served from a 12-inch main through a pressure reducing valve extended along Kaiser Road on the northern end of Zone 298.

Zone 380 is served by the West Bay Booster Pump Station and the Elliott (380) Storage Tank. Zone 298 is served by Kaiser Well 1 and Allison Springs Wells 13 and 19; PRVs from Zone 380; and the Elliott (298) and Bush (298) Storage Tanks.

There is sufficient pressure from the Elliott (380) Storage Tank to serve the higher elevated areas of the west side. The only exception is several of the higher homes in the Goldcrest subdivision, which continue to be served from the Elliott Booster Pump Station.

10.2 Capacity Analysis

The ability of the existing transmission and distribution system to meet pressure and flow requirements under current and future demand conditions was evaluated for this Plan. This section presents the design criteria upon which the analysis was based, followed by a description of the hydraulic model calibration and a discussion of the evaluation results.

Design Criteria

To ensure that the transmission and distribution system is in compliance with state regulations for pressure during peak hour demand and during fire flows, the Utility uses these key design criteria:

•    Minimum residual pressure in the system during peak hour demand, where all equalizing storage has been depleted and all sources are operating, is 30 pounds per square inch (psi) as required by DOH.

•    Minimum pressure at the site of a fire flow during maximum day demand, where the volume of water used for fire suppression and equalizing storage has been depleted, is 20 psi. The zone-wide minimum for residual pressure during a fire flow event is also 20 psi, as required by DOH.

•    Maximum head loss in any pipe is 10 feet per 1,000 feet of pipe, with the potential for this being exceeded during transient conditions (e.g. fire flow).

•    A maximum of 20 homes may be connected to a looped 2-inch main (connected at both ends to the water system grid); a maximum of 10 homes may be connected to a dead-end 2-inch main where the length of pipe is less than 400 feet and fire hydrants are not required.

•    The minimum pipe diameter is 6 inches for looped and 8 inches for dead-end lines where fire hydrants are required.

•    Valve spacing distance is a maximum of 600 feet, and hydrant spacing is a maximum of 600 feet for single family and duplex homes and 300 feet elsewhere, in conformance with City of Olympia Development Guidelines.

The minimum fire flow goal is 1,000 gallons per minute (gpm) for residential areas during maximum daily demand. Fire flow goals vary depending on the type of construction, and are building-specific in non-residential areas.

Hydraulic Model Calibration

The Utility has developed a hydraulic model using Bentley Systems’ WaterCAD water system modeling software. First prepared in the mid-1990s, the model has been routinely used for system analysis and is formally calibrated during each update to the Water System Plan. The accuracy of the model is also checked periodically during its use between times of formal calibration. The model is calibrated by comparing recent fire flow data and pressure checks throughout the distribution system to the model output.

The 2013 calibration effort for this Plan consisted of obtaining field fire flow test data from 12 test sites, at least one in each pressure zone. During the field fire flow tests, static and residual pressure readings were taken from just upstream of the flowing hydrant and pressure readings were monitored at strategic locations within the tested zone. During the time of testing, the telemetry system was used to identify key system parameters, such as booster pump operational status and storage tank levels, for input into the hydraulic model.

Field results were then compared with modeled results to determine model accuracy. Results of the model calibration indicated that modeled static and residual pressures were within 5 psi of the observed pressures in all pressure zones. At three sites, the pressure difference was greater than 5 psi between the observed residual pressure and the modeled residual pressure; the static pressures were the same between the observed and the modeled data. One site in Zone 417 had a 7 psi difference; one site in Zone 226 had an 8 psi difference; and one site in Zone 380 had an 8 psi difference. The model did not match the field conditions for residual pressure in these cases. Other sites in these zones were well within 5 psi of the observed and modeled residual pressure differences. Upon further inspection, it was determined the sites chosen for the fire flows were not the best locations for truly representative flows and sufficient stresses on the system. Still, the pressure differences were less than 10 percent, so the City is satisfied the model is well calibrated. Table 10.5 below summarizes the results of the model calibration.

Table 10.5 Model Calibration Data Summary

Location	Pressure Zone	Observed (Field) Data (1)			Model (Simulated) Data (2)
		Static Pressure (psi)	Residual Pressure (psi)	Flow (gpm) (3)	Static Pressure (psi)	Residual Pressure (psi)	Flow (gpm)
Prestwick	417	95	91	1,501	95	84	1,501
Lister	417	110	58	1519	102	82	1519
Eagle Bend	338	64	58	1163	66	58	1163
Evanston	347	76	68	1178	79	68	1178
Columbia	264	77	70	1343	75	67	1343
Hearthfire	226	90	85	1424	90	77	1424
Schnieder	226	95	80	1384	90	77	1384
East of Evergreen	298	58	50	1120	56	50	1120
29th Court	298	60	49	964	59	46	964
Arcadia	298	91	57	1087	87	57	1087
Fern	380	80	71	1138	76	67	1138
Hudson	380	60	50	979	60	42	979
1.     As measured during field fire flow tests conducted on December 17 and 18, 2013. 2.     Hydrant flows and system parameters (pump operations and storage tank levels) were input to match field conditions. Simulated pressures are based on modeling 2013 maximum day demands throughout the distribution system. 3.     As calculated based on pitot pressure gauge readings.

Evaluation of Transmission/Distribution Capacity

To evaluate transmission and distribution system capacity, two types of analyses were conducted using the Utility’s computer-based hydraulic model:

•    Peak hour demand conditions were analyzed to determine if the 30 psi requirement is met throughout the system.

•    Fire flow simulations were performed under maximum daily demand conditions, to determine the quantity of flow available at a single point while maintaining a 20 psi minimum residual pressure zone-wide.

Both types of analyses were conducted at 2015, 2020 (6-year), and 2035 (20-year) demand levels, based on the water demand forecast in Chapter 3.

Peak Hour Demand Conditions

In general, the distribution system is capable of maintaining pressures greater than 30 psi during peak hour demand, under both current and future demand conditions.

The only exception is a small portion of Zone 298 located just west of Ken Lake in the Park Drive area. Here, pressures drop to between 15 and 20 psi during peak hour demand. A pump station and storage tank constructed as part of a development project planned for the area south of Highway 101 on Kaiser Road will address this deficiency. In the event a private development is not constructed, the City plans to build a booster pump station in 2024 to resolve the pressure deficiency. The existing development in the Park Drive area was built out many years ago; therefore no new development can occur. Any planned development west of Park Drive will be required to install a booster pump station and storage tank.

Pressures along East Bay Drive, at the boundary of Zones 347 and 226, are currently at approximately 100 psi during peak hour demand conditions. The planned installation of a PRV station along East Bay Drive will allow for water to pass from Zone 347 to Zone 226, and will alleviate high pressure situations. This has been included in the 20 year CFP.

Fire Flow Conditions

In general, the distribution system is capable of providing required fire flows while maintaining residual zone pressures greater than 20 psi during maximum daily demand, under both current and future demand conditions. Of a total of approximately 2,800 nodes in the hydraulic model, less than five percent (137 nodes), are unable to provide sufficient fire flows while maintaining pressures greater than 20 psi. The majority of these nodes are located in areas where fire hydrants are not present, that is, on small (less than 4-inch diameter) mains or along the 36-inch transmission main where there are no services.

The only exceptions to this condition are in discreet areas within the western portion of Zone 264, where available fire flows are lower than required. This is a result of a hydraulic “bottleneck” in the transmission piping that conveys water from the 36-inch main into this pressure zone. To resolve this, the CIP includes a project to install a new 16-inch main roughly parallel to a 10-inch diameter portion of this water main. This will remove the limitation and result in sufficient flows to Zone 264.

Available fire flows are sufficient along West Bay Drive, and have been improved during high demand days with the addition of a PRV station that was installed at Raft Avenue near West Bay Drive in 2010. This allows water to flow from Zone 298 to Zone 226, supporting fire flows in this area.

10.3 2015-2020 Transmission/Distribution Projects

The transmission and distribution infrastructure projects planned for 2015-2020 will help meet the Drinking Water Utility’s Goal 6:

Objective 6A is to design and construct infrastructure to ensure reliable delivery of water. Planned transmission/distribution projects will implement Strategy 6A2: Develop and maintain storage and transmission/distribution infrastructure to ensure delivery of water at adequate pressure throughout the system and maintain required fire flow. Chapters 8 and 9 describe source and storage infrastructure; Chapter 12 describes operations and maintenance of the infrastructure. Water quality strategies are in Chapter 11.

The projects described below are included in the 2015-2020 Capital Improvement Program (CIP) presented in Chapter 13. Project-level cost estimates have been prepared for each project. These costs and the anticipated implementation schedule for each project are presented in Table 13-2.

All projects will be designed according to the City’s Engineering Design and Development Standards, available at the EDDS webpage.

The following project addresses the fire flow capacity problem identified the capacity analysis.

•    Maintenance Center Transmission Main. This new 16-inch main will roughly parallel the existing 10-inch pipe that presents a bottleneck in the distribution system in Zone 264. The new main will connect to an existing 16-inch main at Eastside Street, where it originates as a connection to the 36-inch transmission main near the Fir Street Storage Tanks. The new line will then extend approximately 3,500 feet through the City’s Maintenance Center property, across Plum Street and to the south along Henderson Boulevard, terminating at an existing 12-inch main that feeds the portion of Zone 264 west of Henderson. A high priority is placed on installing this new main in order to increase fire flow and pressures in the westerly portion of Zone 264 during high demand days. The existing 10-inch main that crosses Moxlie Creek will be replaced in the vicinity of the creek.

Additional non-capacity related transmission and distribution system projects have been identified during development of this Plan. The 2015-2020 Capital Improvement Program includes the following projects represent transmission or distribution needs associated with source or storage projects, as well as water system projects timed with other public works improvements, such as street upgrades. Many projects involve replacement of aging asbestos cement (AC) piping, which is brittle and more prone to failure than other types of pipe material.

•    Distribution System Oversizing. This project involves oversizing distribution pipelines associated with specific development-related improvements. Oversizing provides additional capacity to anticipate future needs that may be greater than at the time of development.

•    Fones Road Booster Pump Station Replacement. Replacing the booster pump station to address deficiencies in the electrical system, confined space entry, ventilation and aging pumps.

•    Morse-Merryman Extension. Installing a new 12-inch water main to connect the planned Log Cabin Road Storage Tank with existing distribution piping in Morse-Merryman Road.

•    Kaiser Road. Installing a 12-inch water main from the LOTT lift station at Kaiser Road north to Evergreen Parkway, to complete a piping loop to the north end of Zone 298. Currently, this area has only one feed through a PRV at Cooper Point Road.

•    Boulevard Road Roundabout (Morse-Merryman) AC Pipe Replacement. Replacing the AC water main during construction of a roundabout in Boulevard Road, at the intersection of Morse-Merryman Road.

•    Percival Creek Water Main. This project will be constructed with structural upgrades to the utility bridge. The water main will be either replaced on the bridge or installed under the creek by boring, depending on the bridge work.

•    Meridian Overflow and 36-inch Water Main. Enhancing protection of the 36-inch water main and improving the Meridian Storage Tank overflow outlet pipe that daylights next to the 36-inch main on City property east of the tanks.

•    McCormick Valve House. Replacing the pipes and valves installed when the Fir Street Storage Tanks were constructed in 1935.

•    AC and Aging Pipe Replacement. This project is an annual effort to replace substandard asbestos cement pipe throughout the City. Each year, based on maintenance records, the Utility chooses which pipes to replace based on age and material. Currently 40 percent of the City’s water system is comprised of AC pipe which is prone to leaking and breaks.

•    Distribution Main Condition Assessment. This project is part of the asset management program to assess the condition and reliability of the distribution mains, in order to prioritize repair or replacement.

•    Cross-Country Mains. Identifying water mains that are located outside the roadway and cross through neighborhoods; and determining whether the water mains have easements and if they should be relocated to allow easier access for maintenance.

•    PRV Telemetry (Radio-Based). This project will enable data from the pressure reducing valves to be transmitted to the telemetry system by radio. Data such as upstream and downstream pressures and valve positions (opened or closed) will enable efficient and reliable operation of the valves and ensure that fire flow is available when needed.

•    Park Drive Booster Pump Station. This project will construct a new booster pump station to increase residential pressure and fire flows in a small portion of Zone 298 just west of Ken Lake in the Park Drive area.

The following projects are planned for implementation after 2020:

•    Fones Road Water Main Replacement. Replacing the AC water main in Fones Road, from Pacific Avenue to 18th Avenue. This project will be coordinated with the City’s planned reconstruction of this roadway.

•    Eastside Street and Henderson Boulevard Water Main Extension. Extending a 12-inch main west of Henderson and connecting it to an existing Zone 264 water main. This main will enhance system reliability by adding a secondary source to this pressure zone.

•    Indian Summer Extension to Rich Road. Installing a water main from the existing 12-inch main on Prestwick Lane by Indian Summer Well 20 to the existing 12-inch main on Rich Road.

Chapter 13 lists additional developer-funded projects with schedules driven primarily by development-related activities: Kaiser Road pump station, storage tank and water main extensions; and main extensions on Cooper Point Road, Log Cabin Road, South Bay, and 26th Avenue.