Chapter 19.14
OFF-STREET PARKING
Sections:
19.14.010 Size of parking spaces – General.
19.14.030 Expansion and enlargement.
19.14.070 Parking spaces required.
19.14.071 Measurement of square feet.
19.14.072 Commute trip reduction.
19.14.073 Determination of minimum or maximum number of parking spaces based on individual study.
19.14.010 Size of parking spaces – General.
Each off-street parking space shall have an area of not less than 162 square feet exclusive of driveways or aisles and shall be of usable shape and condition, except up to 30 percent of the parking area may have spaces measuring 128 square feet in area with the width of eight feet and if such spaces are utilized, they must be designated for small cars only. (Ord. 2400 § 1, 2008; Ord. 1960 § 3, 1998).
19.14.020 Location.
Off-street parking facilities shall be located as hereinafter specified. For all zoning districts, other than CB-2, off-street parking shall be provided on the development site and be under the same ownership as the development site served, except as allowed by shared use parking. Shared use parking may be allowed pursuant to 19.14.050. Off-street parking is not required in a CB-2 zoning district, except for dwelling units. (Ord. 1960 § 3, 1998).
19.14.030 Expansion and enlargement.
Whenever any building is enlarged in height or in ground coverage, off-street parking shall be provided for expansion or enlargement in accordance with the requirements of the schedule; provided, however, that no parking space need be provided in the case of enlargement or expansion where the number of parking spaces required for such expansion or enlargement is less than 10 percent of the parking spaces specified in the schedule for the building. Nothing in this provision shall be construed to require off-street parking spaces for the portion of such building existing on October 8, 1973. (Ord. 1960 § 3, 1998).
19.14.040 Area design.
A. All public or private parking areas or garages except those required in conjunction with a single-family or two-family dwelling on a single lot shall be designed, laid out and constructed in accordance with Figure 1 and the provisions of this chapter.
1. In any district, driveways or accessways providing ingress and egress to or from private parking areas or garages, public parking areas or garages and parking spaces are permitted together with any appropriate traffic control devices in any required yard.
2. In any residential district, public or private parking areas and parking spaces are not permitted in any required yard except as provided herein:
a. Recreational vehicles, boat trailers, and all other vehicles not in daily use may be parked in the required front yard for no more than 48 consecutive hours, and may be parked in the required rear yard without time limit.
b. Public or private parking areas, parking spaces or any building or portion of any building intended for parking which is developed or maintained in conjunction with any building or use permitted or as a use permitted in any residential district are permitted in any rear or side yard that abuts an alley; provided, the parking areas, structures or spaces comply with the parking diagram.
B. Groups of three or more parking spaces, except those in conjunction with single-family or two-family dwellings on a single lot, shall be served by a service drive so that no backward movement or other maneuvering of a vehicle within a street other than an alley is required. Service drives shall be designed and constructed to facilitate the flow of traffic, provide maximum safety of pedestrians and vehicular traffic on the site but in no case shall two-way and one-way driveways be less than 20 feet and 12 feet respectively.
C. Public parking areas provided in excess of the requirements of this chapter or as a use permitted shall be designed and laid out in conformance to Figure 1.
Figure 1
City of Enumclaw Parking Stall and Aisle Length and Width Standards
|
A Parking Angle |
B Parking Section Width |
C Parking Bank Width |
D Traffic Aisle Width |
E Curb Length per Car |
F Car Stall Width |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
One Way |
Two Way |
|
One Way |
Two Way |
|
|
|||||
|
0° |
28′ |
28′ |
36′ |
36′ |
8′ |
8′ |
12′ |
20′ |
21′ |
22′ |
8′ |
9′ |
|
35° |
40′ |
44′ |
48′ |
52′ |
14′ |
16′ |
12′ |
20′ |
15.4′ |
16.4′ |
8′ |
9′ |
|
40° |
41′ |
45′ |
49′ |
53′ |
14.5′ |
16.5′ |
12′ |
20′ |
13.6′ |
14.6′ |
8′ |
9′ |
|
45° |
42′ |
46′ |
50′ |
54′ |
15′ |
17′ |
12′ |
20′ |
12.1′ |
13.1′ |
8′ |
9′ |
|
50° |
43′ |
47′ |
51′ |
55′ |
15.5′ |
17.5′ |
12′ |
20′ |
11.1′ |
12.1′ |
8′ |
9′ |
|
55° |
45′ |
49′ |
52′ |
56′ |
16′ |
18′ |
13′ |
20′ |
10.2′ |
11.2′ |
8′ |
9′ |
|
60° |
47′ |
51′ |
52′ |
56′ |
16′ |
18′ |
15′ |
20′ |
9.5′ |
10.5′ |
8′ |
9′ |
|
65° |
49′ |
53′ |
52′ |
56′ |
16′ |
18′ |
17′ |
20′ |
9′ |
10′ |
8′ |
9′ |
|
70° |
51′ |
55′ |
52′ |
56′ |
16′ |
18′ |
19′ |
20′ |
8.6′ |
9.6′ |
8′ |
9′ |
|
90° |
52′ |
56′ |
56′ |
60′ |
16′ |
18′ |
20′ |
24′ |
8′ |
9′ |
8′ |
9′ |
|
|
C |
S |
C |
S |
C |
S |
|
|
C |
S |
C |
S |
C = Compact Car
S = Standard Car
• Each off-street parking space to be 162 square feet minimum except up to 30 percent may be 128 square feet with a minimum dimension of eight feet which must be designated for small cars only.
• Gross area shall be 300 square feet per space.
• In no case shall two-way and one-way driveways be less than 20 feet and 12 feet respectively.
• Submitted plans shall include: location, size, shape, design, curb cuts, lighting, landscaping, construction details and other pertinent features.
• All traffic control devices shall be installed and completed as shown on approved plans.
• Foot traffic areas shall be curbed or raised six inches minimum.
• All parking areas adjacent to hard-surfaced roads shall be hard-surfaced. Permeable pavements and materials may be used, as approved by the city engineer.
• Screening shall be provided per EMC 19.14.060(D) when sharing a common boundary with a residential property.
• No artificial lawn or shrubbery shall be permitted.
• Where landscaping is required along street frontages, no shrub shall be higher than 36 inches and no tree shall have branches or foliage below five feet or placed within 20 feet of the corner of a driveway, alley or street intersection.
• Each individual landscaped area 100 square feet or less shall have a minimum of one tree a minimum of six feet in height.
• At a fire hydrant shrubs 18 inches or less in height for a minimum of five feet. Shrubs or trees larger than 18 inches placed a minimum 20 feet from hydrant.
• When parking area is located between primary building and street a minimum of 10 percent parking area to be landscaped.
• A five-foot-wide planting area shall extend entire street front except driveways.
• No parking stall shall be located more than 35 feet from a landscaped area.
(Ord. 2607 § 1 (Exh. A), 2017; Ord. 2400 § 1, 2008; Ord. 1960 § 3, 1998).
19.14.050 Shared use parking.
Off-street parking requirements may be met collectively by means of shared use parking agreements, provided they comply with the following:
A. The shared use parking facility shall be within 400 feet of each of the development sites it serves, measured as the walking distance from the nearest point of the parking facilities to the nearest point of the building served.
B. The number of parking stalls shall be the sum of that required for the various uses served by the parking facility, unless, and to the extent that, the difference in time between the parking demand generation of the various uses served by the parking facility merits a reduction in the number of spaces. The administrator shall decide such reductions based on information supplied by the parties to the agreement.
C. The parties to a shared use parking agreement shall provide the administrator with a copy of said agreement and record the agreement in with the King County division of records and elections. The agreement shall be binding upon the heirs, successors and assigns of the parties. (Ord. 1960 § 3, 1998).
19.14.060 Area improvements.
The plan of the proposed parking area shall be submitted to the community development department with the application for the building for which the parking area is required. The plan shall clearly indicate the proposed development, including location, size, shape, design, curb cuts, lighting, landscaping, low impact development BMPs, construction details and other features and appurtenances required.
A. All traffic control devices such as parking stripes, designated parking stalls, directional arrows or signs, bull rails, curbs and other developments shall be installed and completed as shown on the approved plans. Hard-surface parking areas shall use paint or similar devices to delineate car stalls and directional arrows. Where pedestrian walks are used in parking lots for the use of foot traffic only, they shall either be curbed and raised six inches above the lot surface or have significant visual, textural or material contrast and be flush with the lot surface. Wheel stops shall be required at flush walkways and on the periphery of the parking lots so cars shall not protrude into walkways, the public right-of-way off the parking lot or strike buildings. Wheel stops shall be two feet from the end of the stall for head-in parking. Parallel stalls shall be designed so that doors of vehicles do not open into the public right-of-way.
B. Minimum dimensions of off-street parking areas shall be not less than as shown on Figure 1 in EMC 19.14.040.
C. Landscaping shall be included as per Chapter 19.08 EMC.
D. Screening in the form of a solid masonry wall, architectural fences or dense coniferous hedges shall be erected or planted and maintained to a height of not less than five feet nor more than six feet where the parking lot has a common boundary with any residentially classified property.
E. Lighting of areas provided for off-street parking shall be so arranged to not constitute a nuisance or hazard to passing traffic and where lots share a common boundary with any residentially classified property the illuminating devices shall be so shaded and directed to play their light away from residentially classified property.
F. Maintenance of all areas provided for off-street parking shall include removal and replacement of dead and dying trees, grass and shrubs, removal of trash and weeds, and repair of traffic control devices, signs, light standards, fences, walls, surfacing material, curbs and railings.
G. Permeable pavement and other pervious hard surfaces shall be maintained according to established industry protocols and as approved by the city engineer.
H. Parking areas on private property, including interior driveways and access to a public street, shall be paved with asphaltic concrete or cement concrete pavement. Permeable pavement/materials are preferred where feasible as detailed below:
1. Residential development.
2. Commercial/institutional developments.
3. Permeable pavement design, materials and construction shall as a minimum meet the requirements in the stormwater manual adopted in EMC 14.10.010 and shall demonstrate that the permeable pavement will function as designed.
4. As is the case with any other stormwater improvements, property owners are responsible to properly maintain permeable pavement systems so that the systems continue to function as designed.
5. Credits for approved permeable surfacing shall be modeled and assigned as described in the stormwater manual adopted in EMC 14.10.010, Appendix III-C, Washington State Department of Ecology Low Impact Development Design and Flow Modeling Guidance. (Ord. 2607 § 1 (Exh. A), 2017; Ord. 2604 § 1 (Exh. A), 2017; Ord. 2400 § 1, 2008; Ord. 1960 § 3, 1998).
19.14.070 Parking spaces required.
The minimum number of required parking spaces shall be as follows, computed to the nearest whole number. See also EMC 19.14.071 through 19.14.073.
|
Land Use |
Min. |
Per |
|---|---|---|
|
Single-family dwellings – 2 or more bedrooms |
2 |
dwelling unit |
|
Single-family – 1 bedroom |
1 |
dwelling unit |
|
Multifamily dwellings |
See Chapter 19.40 EMC for development-specific requirements |
|
|
Mixed use developments |
See EMC 19.38.140 for development-specific requirements |
|
|
Housing reserved for senior citizens |
.75 |
dwelling unit |
|
Group homes and nursing homes |
.33 |
bed plus 1 space per staff doctor and employee of the two largest shifts |
|
Hotels, motels, and bed and breakfasts |
.7 |
room |
|
Offices (nonmedical) and banks |
2.8 |
1,000 square feet |
|
Medical/dental offices and clinics |
5.7 |
1,000 square feet |
|
Eating and drinking establishments |
10 |
1,000 square feet |
|
Low-intensity sales and service (businesses that generate low levels of traffic per square foot of floor area, such as those offering building supplies, feed and grain, large appliances, furniture, carpets, motor vehicles, boats, and machinery) |
1 |
1,000 square feet |
|
Moderate-intensity sales and service (businesses that generate moderate levels of traffic per square foot of floor area, such as those offering home improvements, dry cleaning, laundromats, sign making, shoe and clothing repair, locksmiths, photography, and auto repair) |
2 |
1,000 square feet |
|
High-intensity sales and service (businesses that generate high levels of traffic per square foot of floor area, such as those offering food and liquor without service, clothing, hardware, household goods, pharmaceuticals, arts and crafts, auto parts, sporting goods, office equipment, books, plants, jewelry, musical instruments, and barber and beauty services) |
3 |
1,000 square feet |
|
Places of public assembly such as churches, funeral homes, halls, and theaters. Note: If the facility houses more than one activity, such as a main assembly area and classroom, “maximum occupancy” shall mean the maximum likely to occur at one time in the entire facility in normal operations. |
.25 |
person at maximum occupancy |
|
Active indoor recreation such as sports clubs and recreation centers |
4 |
1,000 square feet |
|
Daycares and preschools |
2 |
worker at maximum shift |
|
Elementary and junior high schools |
1.5 |
employee and faculty member |
|
High schools |
.2 |
student |
|
Colleges |
.35 |
student |
|
Libraries |
4 |
1,000 square feet |
|
Industries, research facilities, print shops, bakeries |
1 |
1,000 square feet |
|
Wholesalers and warehouses |
.5 |
1,000 square feet |
|
Government operations not listed above, hospitals, open-air activities, plant nurseries, public utilities, outdoor recreation, mini-storage, drive-through facilities (car washes, service stations, etc.) |
The administrator shall determine the parking requirements for these and similar uses on a case-by-case basis. |
|
(Ord. 2416 § 1 (Exh. A), 2009; Ord. 2004 § 1, 1999).
19.14.071 Measurement of square feet.
Where the above requirement is based on square feet, this means the combined horizontal area of all floors of a building measured from its exterior faces, excluding spaces lacking standing head room. (Ord. 2004 § 1, 1999).
19.14.072 Commute trip reduction.
For employers implementing commute trip reduction programs, the administrator may reduce the required minimum parking to reflect the corresponding reduction in parking demand. (Ord. 2004 § 1, 1999).
19.14.073 Determination of minimum or maximum number of parking spaces based on individual study.
During any development permit process, the official or board charged with rendering the decision may, based on a disclosed, written analysis of the proposed use’s probable parking demand, require more off-street parking than EMC 19.14.070 requires, or may limit the allowable off-street parking as necessary to avoid excessive acreage devoted to parking. (Ord. 2004 § 1, 1999).
19.14.080 Unspecified uses.
Parking space requirements for buildings and uses not set forth herein shall be based upon requirements for the most comparable building or use specified herein as determined by the community development director. (Ord. 2607 § 1 (Exh. A), 2017; Ord. 1960 § 3, 1998).
19.14.090 General provisions.
A. Use of Public Right of-Way. Maneuvering space shall be completely off the right-of-way of any public street except for parking spaces.
B. Access.
1. Driveway Location. The location of ingress and egress driveways shall be subject to approval of the public works department under curb cut permit procedures. Driveways shall not exceed 40 percent of the property frontage. There shall be a minimum of 18 feet between driveway curb returns where there is more than one driveway on the property under unified ownership or control and used as one premises.
2. Driveway Width. The width of any driveway shall not exceed 30 feet exclusive of the radii of the returns, the measurement being made parallel to the centerline of the street roadway.
3. Number of Driveways.
a. Industrial and Warehouse Uses. There shall not be more than two driveways for each 330 feet of street frontage for a single ownership.
b. All Other Uses. There shall be not more than two driveways for each 330 feet of street frontage for a single ownership, except where a single ownership is developed into more than one unit of operation each sufficient in itself to meet the requirements of this title, and where the necessity for separate access to the street is evident. In such cases there shall not be more than two driveways for each unit of operation.
4. Driveway Radius. The radius for any driveway return shall be five feet, as specified in the American Public Works Association Standard Plans and Specifications, unless otherwise directed by the public works department.
5. Driveway Angle. The angle between any driveway and the street roadway or curbline shall not be less than 45 degrees.
6. Hazardous Driveways. No driveway shall be constructed in such a manner as to be a hazard to any existing street lighting standard, utility pole, traffic regulating device, fire hydrant, adjacent or vicinal street traffic, or similar devices or conditions. The cost of relocating any street structure when necessary to do so shall be borne by the abutting property owner. Said relocation of any street structure shall be performed only through the department and person holding authority for the particular structure involved. (Ord. 1960 § 3, 1998).